个性化服务中用户近期兴趣视图的生成

随着时间和环境的改变,Web用户的兴趣也会随之改变,在信息服务中应该能捕获到用户的这种近期兴趣变化以便能为用户提供更好的个性化服务。对现在描述网页的特征片技术中的关键词权重的计算做了改进以更加准确地描述网页,给出了利用行为分析得到网页兴趣度的方法,进而给出了根据某领域的标准分类树形成网页分类树,并最终生成能准确表示用户近期兴趣的兴趣视图的新方法。以此进行个性化推荐也更加有效。     

Cross-system user modeling and personalization on the Social Web

In order to adapt functionality to their individual users, systems need information about these users. The Social Web provides opportunities to gather user data from outside the system itself. Aggregated user data may be useful to address cold-start problems as well as sparse user profiles, but this depends on the nature of individual user profiles distributed on the Social Web. For example, does it make sense to re-use Flickr profiles to recommend bookmarks in Delicious? In this article, we study distributed form-based and tag-based user profiles, based on a large dataset aggregated from the Social Web. We analyze the completeness, consistency and replication of form-based profiles, which users explicitly create by filling out forms at Social Web systems such as Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn. We also investigate tag-based profiles, which result from social tagging activities in systems such as Flickr, Delicious and StumbleUpon: to what extent do tag-based profiles overlap between different systems, what are the benefits of aggregating tag-based profiles. Based on these insights, we developed and evaluated the performance of several cross-system user modeling strategies in the context of recommender systems. The evaluation results show that the proposed methods solve the cold-start problem and improve recommendation quality significantly, even beyond the cold-start.     

Tools for constructing user interfaces

A review of the tools available for easing the tasks of constructing and modifying the user interface of CAD application programs.     

Visual-language system for user interfaces

The Universities of Pittsburgh and Salerno have jointly developed the Pittsburgh-Salerno Iconic System which lets users design, specify, and interpret custom visual languages for different applications. The system is still in the experimental stage, although we have used it in two practical applications. The experimental system lets interface developers create a custom visual language from sample visual sentences composed of custom or basic icons. The system has already been tested in two small applications, one involving a system for speech-impaired users     

Mediation of user models for enhanced personalization in recommender systems

Provision of personalized recommendations to users requires accurate modeling of their interests and needs. This work proposes a general framework and specific methodologies for enhancing the accuracy of user modeling in recommender systems by importing and integrating data collected by other recommender systems. Such a process is defined as user models mediation. The work discusses the details of such a generic user modeling mediation framework. It provides a generic user modeling data representation model, demonstrates its compatibility with existing recommendation techniques, and discusses the general steps of the mediation. Specifically, four major types of mediation are presented: cross-user, cross-item, cross-context, and cross-representation. Finally, the work reports the application of the mediation framework and illustrates it with practical mediation scenarios. Evaluations of these scenarios demonstrate the potential benefits of user modeling data mediation, as in certain conditions it allows improving the quality of the recommendations provided to the users.

High-level design for user and component interfaces

Component-based software architecture is very important for current software engineering practice because (a) it is the basis for re-use of software at the component level, and (b) in distributed systems, the physical distribution of an application over separate computers represents a decomposition of the application. Typical e-commerce applications consist of various components sometimes belonging to different organizations, and presenting different user interfaces to various categories of users. We review in this paper the current trend in standards for inter-component communication in distributed systems, including various forms of remote procedure calls (RPC) and message passing, and paradigms for describing and implementing user interfaces in the Web environment. We discuss whether the user interface can also be described, at an abstract level, by RPC primitives. In the second part of the paper, we discuss the importance of indicating which party is responsible for making certain decisions for selecting control flow alternatives and certain parameter values. This leads to some guidelines for describing system behavior scenarios at the requirements level. We also discuss how this approach can be integrated with screen-oriented behavior definitions.     

A cognition-centered personalization framework for cultural-heritage content

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction - The heterogeneity of the audience of cultural heritage institutions introduces numerous challenges to the delivery of the content. Considering that...     

Keyframe-based user interfaces for digital video

Three visual interfaces that use keyframes - still images automatically pulled from video - to provide access points for efficient navigation of recorded content can help identify potentially useful or relevant video segments     

Enhanced interaction styles for user interfaces

Seven precompetitive research projects on user interfaces in Europe are described. The projects considered are Hufit, the Comett I Project, the Elusive Office Project, the Euroworkstation Project, Acord, MMI², and Xtra. The integration of user interface technologies into new application tasks and the integration of new techniques and artifacts into toolkits are stressed. Also addressed are spreading human factors awareness, adding intelligence to the integration, and the interaction of graphics and natural languages     

Ergonomic guidelines for computerized user interfaces

This paper proposes a set of guidelines designed to ensure that the operator interface of a computerized system will be easy to use. The guidelines are designed to apply to a broad range of computerized systems with a variety of input/output devices. Examples are given to illustrate the user interface problems that occur when specific guidelines are ignored. The possibility of guidelines like these becoming an IEEE standard is proposed.     

Visual terminals and user interfaces

The evolution of computer and communication technologies enables man-to-machine interfaces through graphics. This paper describes the state of the art in visual terminals such as telewriting, facsimile and videotex in Japan. User interfaces through visual terminals facilitate the input and the understanding of information, and thus stimulate wider dissemination of computers and non-voice communication, even to the private sector.     

Discovery of Web user communities and their role in personalization

One of the major innovations in personalization in the last 20?years was the injection of social knowledge into the model of the user. The user is not considered an isolated individual any more, but a member of one or more communities. User communities have been facilitated by the striking advancements of electronic communications and in particular the penetration of the Web into people??s everyday routine. Communities arise in a number of different ways. Social networking tools typically allow users to proactively connect to each other. Alternatively, data mining tools discover communities of connected Web sites or communities of Web users. In this article, we focus on the latter type of community, which is commonly mined from logs of users?? activity on the Web. We recall how this process has been used to model the users?? interests and personalize Web applications. Collaborative filtering and recommendation are the most widely used forms of community-driven personalization. However, we examine a range of other interesting alternatives that are worth investigating further. This effort leads us naturally to the recent developments on the Web and particularly the advent of the social Web. We explain how this development draws together the different viewpoints on Web communities and introduces new opportunities for community-based personalization. In particular, we propose the concept of active user community and show how this relates to recent efforts on mining social networks and social media.     

Standardization of user interfaces for lighting controls

Standardization of human-machine interfaces has proved beneficial in a number of technology areas. Lighting control is a home and office technology that is of central importance in energy efficiency and could potentially benefit from standardization, which has proved beneficial in a number of technology domains. User interfaces enable and structure communication to and from devices, however when this communication is not understood, there is increasing loss of amenity to the user - in not getting the services they want - and potential compromise in efficiency. Standard user interfaces can help ensure the best possible outcome for communication.This paper presents a summary of initial research on content for a global standard for lighting control user interfaces. A review of potentially relevant industry standards confirmed that there is no existing standard that covers this topic area, though many standards are related, including those covering symbols, indicators/actuators, generic user interface issues, accessibility, user interface content common to other energy concerns, and terminology. We surveyed many existing products, from simple switches, to those with many buttons, to those using graphic display technology. We describe a classification scheme for the entire ‘form’ of the control, catalogued the use of specific “elements” in the interfaces, and extracted topics (“concepts”) that embody meaning and are represented in collections of interface elements. Finally, we consider plausible paths forward to creating content suitable for a global standard.     

Designing user interfaces for problem solving,with application to hypertext and creative writing

Interactive computer systems can support their users in problem solving, both in Performing their work tasks and in using the systems themselves. Not only is direct support for heuristics beneficial, but to do so modifies the form of computer support provided. This Paper defines and explores the use of problem solving heuristics in user interface design.A demonstration hypertext system, Hyperwriter, was developed as the outcome of considering general problem solving heuristics as goals of interactive systems design. Whereas hypertext joins and relates ideas, Hyperwriter additionally, and as a direct outcome of the design approach, has ways of separating, ordering and polishing ideas. As an application for creative writing, Hypertext supports effective thinking over a period of time. (This paper was drafted, organised and re-organised using the system itself.) Some issues arising in implementing Hyperwriter are also discussed.     

Distributed orchestration of user interfaces

Workflow management systems focus on the coordination of people and work items, service composition approaches on the coordination of service invocations, and, recently, web mashups have started focusing on the integration and coordination of pieces of user interfaces (UIs), e.g., a Google map, inside simple web pages. While these three approaches have evolved in a rather isolated fashion – although they can be seen as evolution of the componentization and coordination idea from people to services to UIs – in this paper we describe a component-based development paradigm that conciliates the core strengths of these three approaches inside a single model and language. We call this new paradigm distributed UI orchestration, so as to reflect the mashup-like and process-based nature of our target applications. In order to aid developers in implementing UI orchestrations, we equip the described model and language with suitable design, deployment, and runtime instruments, covering the whole life cycle of distributed UI orchestrations.     

Evaluation of some user interfaces for elderly persons

We have already proposed a new concept of “universal multimedia access” intended to narrow the digital divide by providing appropriate multimedia expressions according to users’ (mental and physical) abilities, computer facilities, and network environments. Previous work has evaluated some types of multimedia user interfaces only for younger persons who can utilize keyword search functions. In this paper, we describe several multimedia contents particularly for elderly persons’ aid and evaluate them based on a questionnaire survey.     

Energy-aware user interfaces and energy-adaptive displays

This paper identifies, quantifies, and analyzes potential mismatch opportunities in workload, user needs, and current display properties. Across different usage classes, we consistently find that users typically do not stress the display's full properties, and they often associate screen usage with content that can be displayed with significantly lower energy consumption. We propose new display subsystems that use energy adaptivity in hardware and energy awareness in software to obtain dramatic display power savings - with typical improvements ranging from factors of 2 to 10 without compromising user acceptance. We show that user interfaces must be designed with energy in mind, and that such energy-aware interfaces can actually provide a good combination of energy benefits and greater ease of use by leveraging features that improve usability instead of simply providing a tradeoff.     

Assessing user interfaces for diverse user groups: evaluation strategies and defining characteristics

User interface designers are challenged to design for diverse users, including those of different genders, cultures and abilities; however, little research has been directed at this problem. One factor which may inhibit such research is its cost. This paper presents an approach which offers a way to seek out important characteristics of designs in a cost-effective way and reports on the results. In a study reported here, subjects from different nationalities and of both genders evaluated three dialog boxes specifically designed for 'white American women'. 'European adult male intellectuals', and 'English-speaking-internationals'. The dialog boxes were evaluated with conjoint techniques of preference rankings, and factor-analysed adjective ratings. These results showed that female subjects had stronger and more consistent patterns of preferences than the male subjects. All subjects preferred interfaces rated high on an accessibility factor and disliked complex layouts; this effect was even stronger for women. Nationality did not effect ratings. Gender had a stronger effect on the outcome than nationality.