基于电流间接控制的STATCOM系统仿真研究

静止同步补偿器（STATCOM）因具有无功补偿响应速度快、连续调节范围宽等优点,已经现代电力系统中重要的补偿设备之一。对不同控制策略STATCOM的补偿效果进行研究是该领域值得关注的关键问题。在此对STATCOM主电路进行四重化的结构优化,有效降低谐波含量,控制策略上采用电流间接控制方法,在Matlab/Simulink平台上实现了补偿系统的建模和仿真,通过比较补偿前后系统功率因数的变化,验证了所采用控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

一种小型重力补偿器的研究

光刻机工件台的小型重力补偿器是光刻技术中关于硅片调焦调平的关键技术,其性能直接影响机器焦深误差。针对一种主动小型重力补偿器展开研究,给出了机械结构、驱动电机和隔振性能的设计,通过实验表明了设计符合需求。     

Designing of Quasi—universal Compensator for Testing Aspherical Surface

According to the theory of testing aspherical surface by normal aberration compensation method,the designing method of quasi-universal compensator is studied.On the basis of third-order aberration theory,after calculating and optimizing with an optical design program,the structure parameters of a compensator are obtained.This new compensator could be used in Twyman-Green interferometer,and in measurement of a certain range of paraboloid ellipsoid and hyperboloid.The compensation accuracy is more than 0.02λ.     

空气弹簧在机械振动台中的应用

介绍了空气弹簧的特点,对振动台振动时不平衡力的传递过程进行了分析,并结合实际情况对空气弹簧作为支撑和隔振元件如何设计进行了研究。     

AC line voltage harmonics compensator with excessive current control

We investigate an instantaneous common terminal voltage-controlled harmonics compensator constructed by a shunt active filter with an appropriate series inductance including the line impedance. This compensator can reduce or compensate both the ac line voltage distortion derived from the downstream utility source voltage harmonics and the upstream current harmonics by nonlinear loads at the same time. The control system can be easily constructed without directly detecting the common terminal voltage to be compensated. Therefore, the main circuit configuration and the control system are simple. The harmonics compensation level and the compensation current can be easily adjusted by changing the feedback gain for the sensing inductance voltage drop. In this paper, we describe the basic principle of the control method, the modified control method, the circuit construction by the pulsewidth-modulation-controlled shunt active filter and the control system of the compensator. Then, we show some operating waveforms for the cases of the downstream voltage distortion and the upstream harmonics current from the nonlinear loads by simulation analysis and experiments to verify the feasibility.     

Real-time electro-hydraulic hybrid system for structural testing subjected to vibration and force loading

Real-time electro-hydraulic hybrid system (REHS) with shaking table and force loading simulator is an essential experimental facility for evaluating structural performance subjected to simultaneously vibration excitation and force loading. The key feature of this paper is combination of a feedforward force controller including modified force inverse model compensator (MFIMC) and velocity feedforward compensator (VFFC) with an internal model control (IMC) to compensate the surplus force disturbance caused by active motion of shaking table and to obtain high fidelity force loading tracking performance. An acceleration tracking controller is also designed with modified acceleration inverse model compensator (MAIMC) to extend the acceleration tracking frequency bandwidth and to improve the acceleration tracking performance. The acceleration/force closed-loop transfer function model and their inverse model are identified and designed by multi-step recursive extended least squares (RELS) algorithm and zero magnitude error tracking controller (ZMETC) technology respectively because the identified transfer function model of the acceleration and force loading closed-loop systems may be a nonminimum-phase (NMP) system and their inverse model are instable. An acceleration and force modeling error compensator (MEC) are utilized in MFIMC and MAIMC to minimize the effect of the inaccuracy of identified model and designed inverse model. Experimental results obtained on a real uniaxial REHS with xPC rapid prototyping technology clearly demonstrate the benefit of the proposed compensation method.     

A novel negative stiffness magnetic spring design for vehicle seat suspension system

By employing a couple of columnar magnets with a specific arrangement, a negative stiffness magnetic spring (NSMS) is designed, modelled and then experimentally validated in this paper. Such a magnetic spring with negative stiffness can be used for a semi-active seat suspension to achieve vibration reduction on vehicle drivers. Extensive simulation analysis and experimental validation based on static and vibration responses reveal that NSMS brings the beneficial low dynamics stiffness for seat suspension and reduces the resonance frequency vibration during the vertical excitation without compromising loading capacity. Besides, a semi-active seat suspension system with the NSMS can achieve excellent performance of low-frequency vibration suppression (around 28.8 % acceleration reduction under random excitation).     

Secondary control for a series reactive compensator based on a voltage-source PWM inverter

This work describes a secondary control scheme of a series reactive compensator for a power system based on a single voltage-source pulse-width-modulated (PWM) inverter. The controllable capacitive reactance can be used as a supplementary control variable for the secondary (external) controller (SC) of a series capacitive reactance compensator to improve the dynamic transient and damping performances of the power system. From the viewpoint of agent-based global dynamic optimization of a system, the selection and use of suitable input signals for the SC are investigated. Detailed simulation results show that the SC with local feedback loop (LFL) has a powerful control performance; however, it requires the controllable compensation for a reference change due to different operating conditions. On the other hand, the SC with global feedback loop (GFL) avoids the need of reference compensation; moreover, its dynamic control performance is improved when the dual inputs (frequency and active power signal) are used, compared to when only the frequency is used as an input signal.     

Training and optimization of an artificial neural network controlling a hybrid power filter

A hybrid power compensator (HPC) consisting of a static VAr compensator and a dynamic compensator needs to be optimally controlled during the compensation of nonlinear loads. The HPC must be controlled to meet minimum requirements in terms of power factor and harmonic distortion, while at the same time minimizing its total cost. An artificial neural network (ANN) is used to control the HPC amidst a very dynamic power system environment. The performance of a reference ANN is evaluated while controlling an HPC connected to a typical nonlinear industrial load. The training and performance of the ANN is then optimized in terms of training set size, training set packing and ANN topology and the performance compared to the reference ANN. This paper highlights the importance of optimising the mentioned ANN parameters to achieve optimum ANN training and modeling accuracy. The results obtained reveals that the application of an ANN in controlling an HPC is feasible given that the ANN parameters are chosen appropriately.     

Baseband Pulse Transmission in a Chain of Analog Repeaters

Simple methods that compensate for low- and highfrequency delay distortions, which are the predominant distortions in a baseband hybrid digital transmision line, have been developed. Compensation for low frequency distortion is optimized by a rational minimum-phase function. Compensation for high-frequency distortion is attained by a combination of an optimum cutoff shape and an all-pass network. A local minimum problem in the optimization of the all-pass network is eliminated by a procedure that provides appropriate initial conditions. Combined realization of both low- and high-frequency delay compensation by a slightly active network results in very simple circuitry. The efficiency of this simple compensator is confirmed experimentally in a subline with 15 analog repeaters. In this experimental system, two subpredominant distortions, nonlinear distortion and equalization error, were experienced. Compensation for these distortions is also studied by the method reported in the literature and by a simple adaptive equalizer, respectively. Based on the results obtained above, the feasibility of a baseband hybrid digital transmission system is discussed. The simple compensator mentioned above will be very useful in realizing an economical hybrid digital transmission system with the help of the simple adaptive equalizer. A system that utilizes alternate mark inversion (AMI) pulse train seems to be feasible without the help of the adaptive equalizer.     

Automatic PMD compensation experiment with particle swarm optimization and adaptive dithering algorithms for 10-gb/s NRZ and RZ formats

We demonstrate a 10-Gb/s polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensation experiment by using a 4-degree of freedom compensator for both NRZ and RZ formats. The particle swarm optimization method is used as the searching algorithm and an adaptive dithering algorithm is employed in tracking process. The results show that the searching process is finished within several hundreds of milliseconds and the response time for the compensator to recover from a sudden disturbance is less than 20 ms.     

Fiber Bragg gratings for dispersion compensation in transmission:theoretical model and design criteria for nearly ideal pulserecompression

We propose a transmission-based dispersion compensator employing an apodized, unchirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG). A theoretical model for dispersion compensation in transmission based on the dispersive properties of the periodic structure is developed. A figure of merit is defined for optimization of the grating parameters for maximum recompression of dispersion-broadened optical pulses in long-haul communication systems. Numerical examples confirm that nearly perfect compensation with very low insertion losses can be achieved for many practical cases of interest     

Optimal Model-Following Suspension with Microcomputerized Damping

The problem of vibration isolation is investigated from the standpoint of modern control and optimization theory. The proposed optimal model-following suspension design was verified experimentally by means of a microcomputerized suspension model. The experimental results are very encouraging and indicate promising potential application of the proposed scheme to real-world systems. This paper describes the modeling and formulation of an optimal control suspension reference model, and the implementation algorithm of the proposed microcomputerized optimal model-following suspension scheme.     

振动对空间光-光纤耦合效率影响及补偿实验研究

利用现有成熟光纤通信技术是目前卫星光通信技术的重要发展方向,但需首先解决空间光-光纤耦合这一关键问题。文中对卫星平台振动对空间光-光纤耦合效率的影响进行了理论分析;在此基础上针对卫星光通信终端,建立以CCD 为探测器,高速偏转镜为补偿器件的卫星平台微振补偿系统,并进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:所采用的基于反馈控制技术的主动补偿系统能有效地抑制低频振动。在振动频率介于1～50 Hz,振动幅度介于75～300 rad 之间时,补偿系统对耦合效率的最大改善率可达54.73%,验证了补偿方案的可行性及有效性,为在卫星光通信系统中应用各种光纤通信技术打下基础。     

A three-axis vibration isolation system using modified zero-power controller with parallel mechanism technique

This paper proposes a module-type three-degree-of-freedom vibration isolation system using modified zero-power control. Three vibration isolation modules are connected together using parallel mechanism to control 3-DOF motions. Each module consists of a common base, an individual middle mass and a common isolation table. The base to the middle mass is suspended by positive springs generated by active and passive system, and the middle mass and the isolation table is connected by negative spring realized by active-type modified zero-power control. The developed system could realize zero-compliance to direct disturbances as well as good ground vibration isolation. Furthermore, the isolation table is supported by a weight support mechanism for supporting heavy payloads. In the previous research, a concentrated middle mass with redundant actuators, in the vertical and horizontal directions, were used. Therefore, a vibration isolation system is proposed in this work using modular concept to overcome those drawbacks. Each module is controlled separately by decentralized control technique, and three modules can be used for three-degree-of-freedom of motion control. Therefore, no redundancy of actuator is occurred. Moreover, an improved zero-power controller is presented that can adjust negative stiffness instead of conventional zero-power controller. The results obtained from analytical and experimental studies show that the modular technique is reliable and efficient approach to vibration control, and represents a suitable alternative to the conventional active vibration isolation systems.     

A compensator for the effects of high-order polarization modedispersion in optical fibers

We present a polarization mode dispersion compensator for the rotation of the principal states with frequency. This compensator requires only two control elements more than existing first-order compensators. These are the position of one polarization controller and the setting of a single delay. With the proposed scheme, compensation for first order can be decoupled from the compensation for higher orders and controlled independently. The effect of the compensator on signal transmission is evaluated with extensive numerical simulations     

一种联合补偿的动态相位噪声优化设计方法

针对晶体振荡器相位噪声指标振动恶化问题设计了一种无源隔振和有源加速度补偿的联合补偿方案。该方案首先采用两级橡胶减震器实现良好的无源隔振,优化了晶振在300 Hz外的动态相位噪声;同时采用有源加速度电补偿方式弥补了无源隔振系统在近端（约220 Hz）谐振问题,优化了10~200 Hz的动态相位噪声。振动试验实测结果表明,该联合补偿法使晶振动态相位噪声指标在偏离载波10~2 000 Hz时均得到了15~35 dB的优化效果。     

Precision tracking control of a biaxial piezo stage using repetitive control and double-feedforward compensation

This article presents precision tracking control of an XY piezo stage using repetitive control and double-feedforward compensation. The XY piezo stage is composed of two piezoelectric actuators within a leaf spring mechanism. The study applies two feedback controllers, a Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller and a repetitive controller, to achieve precision trajectory tracking and evaluate performance against benchmarks. Moreover, the investigation applies a double-feedforward compensation approach that integrates a Zero-Phase-Error-Tracking-Controller and an adaptive plant inversion compensator adapted by a Least-Mean-Square algorithm, based on an inverse Prandtl-Ishlinskii model, to improve tracking control performance further. Performance analysis and comparison of the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed control structure improves dynamic tracking accuracy of the XY piezo stage.     

Φ4m口径凹抛物面镜折反零位补偿检验

折反射式零位补偿检验是一种综合了Offner折射式和Maksutov反射式补偿检验优点的凹非球面检验方法,补偿能力强,检测光路紧凑.大口径和大相对孔径非球面检验是制约其加工质量提高的难题,针对口径为4m、偏心率为1、顶点曲率半径为16 m的大口径凹抛物面反射镜,设计了折反射式零位补偿器.基于三级像差理论对补偿器的初始结构进行了规划和计算,采用Zemax软件对初始结构参数进行了优化,得出了补偿器的最终结构,检验光路轴向尺寸约12 m,系统优化后剩余波相差为0.005λ.设计和仿真结果表明,这种折反射式零位补偿器对大口径凹菲球面镜的加工检测是非常有利的.     

Modeling and control strategies for a variable reluctancedirect-drive motor

A high-performance ripple-free dynamic torque controller for a variable-reluctance (VR) motor intended for trajectory tracking in robotic applications is designed. A modeling approach that simplifies the design of the controller is investigated. Model structure and parameter estimation techniques are presented. Different approaches to the overall torque controller design problem are discussed, and the solution adopted is illustrated. A cascade controller structure consisting of a feedforward nonlinear torque compensator, cascaded to a nonlinear flux or current closed-loop controller is considered, and optimization techniques are used for its design. Although developed for a specific commercial motor, the proposed modeling and optimization strategies can be used for other VR motors with magnetically decoupled phases, both rotating and linear. Laboratory experiments for model validation and preliminary simulation results of the overall torque control system are presented