00Cr25Ni6Mo3N双相不锈钢的力学性能

00Cr25Ni6Mo3N双相不锈钢可用于要求具有良好力学性能特别是低温冲击韧度的鼓风机叶轮等零件。某公司的00Cr25Ni6Mo3N双相不锈钢锻件低温冲击性能很不稳定。为此,对冲击性能不良的00Cr25Ni6Mo3N钢锻件进行了1050℃、1070℃、1100℃和1050℃保温1.5h水冷的固溶处理,随后测定了力学性能。结果表明:锻件的-40℃冲击吸收能量差异很大,有的达不到要求的27J。金相分析发现,00Cr25Ni6Mo3N钢锻件冲击韧度低的原因是锻造工艺不当析出了金属间相,而且热处理不能消除这种金属间相,严格控制锻造加热制度是解决该问题的唯一途径。     

谈汽轮机转子钢的生产

<正> 一、生产现状我国生产汽轮机高、中压转子锻件,一直沿用30Cr2MoV钢。国内外实践证明,这种材料锻件质量很难过关,因为它含碳并不算高,而含形成碳化物和易氧化的Cr、MoV等合金元素颇多,尤其是Cr、Mo较高,又不含Ni。这些特点给钢锭的纯净度、致密度、锻造工艺性能,甚至锻件淬透性等,都带来不利影响,使锻件不仅在锻造中容易发生裂纹(往往需要吹氧清理),而且稍不小心就会报废。在进行这种材料锻件的超声波     

17Cr2Ni2Mo齿轮轴锻造工艺研究

通过控制原材料、锻造变形过程工艺参数和锻后热处理方法,满足大截面、大吨位轴类锻件的中心压实要求,保证了锻件内部质量,生产出合格的17Cr2Ni2Mo渗碳高速重载驱动齿轮轴。     

00Cr25Ni6Mo3N不锈钢脆性的原因分析

通过对某企业生产的00Cr25Ni6Mo3N双相不锈钢检验发现,不同锻件的冲击功差异很大。然后对冲击功低的00Cr25Ni6Mo3N双相不锈钢进行力学性能试验和组织分析,造成冲击功低的根本原因是在锻造过程中产生了金属间析出相;而导致金属间析出相产生的原因是锻造工艺控制不当,热处理不能消除由锻造工艺不当造成的缺陷,而严格控制锻造加热制度对扼制金属间析出相意义更大。     

锻造钩尾框用钢25MnCrNiMoA的研发

本文介绍了本钢采用转炉、矩形坯连铸工艺生产钩尾框用钢25Mn Cr Ni Mo A的生产过程,详细介绍了锻造钩尾框用钢的生产要求、生产工艺。通过分析采用该工艺生产的25Mn Cr Ni Mo A钢的化学成分、力学性能和钢材末端淬透性,25Mn Cr Ni Mo A钢强度高、低温冲击性能稳定,内部质量好,并得到了用户的认可。     

电机推力轴承支撑环材料水下疲劳性能探讨

测定电机轴承支撑环预选材料 0Cr16Ni5Mo、A564Type630H1100静力学性能、室温水下疲劳极限、室温水下疲劳曲线,结果表明： A564Type630H1100材料的拉伸强度、硬度均高于 0Cr16Ni5Mo材料, 0Cr16Ni5Mo材料的冲击功大于 A564Type630H1100材料。循环 107周次 A564Type630H1100材料水下疲劳极限为 415MPa,0Cr16Ni5Mo材料水下疲劳极限为 434MPa,两种材料疲劳极限均满足支撑环材料疲劳强度要求（不小于 197MPa）。在低载荷区（不大于 500MPa）0Cr16Ni5Mo疲劳寿命高于 A564Type630H1100,在高载荷区（不小于 500MPa）0Cr16Ni5Mo疲劳寿命低于 A564Type630H1100。试验初步建立静力学性能与动力学性能体系,为其合理应用提供可靠数据。     

锻造加工对30CrNi2MoV钢在空冷回火下的组织与性能的影响

采用拉伸实验、冲击实验、金相腐蚀实验、硬度测试等实验研究了在回火空冷条件下,锻造方式对30Cr Ni2Mo V钢的组织与性能的影响。结果表明,经过2次镦拔锻造工艺,再经过1次镦粗或1次镦粗+1次拔长后,30Cr Ni2Mo V钢的拉伸强度分别从1173.007 MPa提升到1215.5和1260.3 MPa;冲击韧性显著提高,分别从26.67 J提高到87.67和56 J;其硬度一定程度上有所增强,从393 HB分别增加到405.13和377.9 HB。锻件的强度提高来源于材料内部晶粒的细化和均匀性,并且研究发现,后续的锻造工艺对材料的强化效果要明显高于只经过2次镦拔锻造工艺的效果。     

氧化皮对转子钢26Cr2Ni4MoV热物理参数的影响

大型锻件锻造过程中氧化皮是不可避免的,它影响着锻件表面的热交换过程,为向大型锻件锻造工艺的数值模拟提供符合生产实际的材料热物理参数,进行了转子钢26Cr2Ni4MoV试件的高温加热和空冷试验,并通过反分析的方法测试出26Cr2Ni4MoV在较厚氧化皮条件下的热物理参数.结果表明,氧化皮对转子钢26Cr2Ni4MoV的热物理参数有很大影响,无氧化皮时黑度系数为0.64～0.76,有氧化皮时黑度系数为0.3;无氧化皮时锻件与模具间传热参数为1 N·s-1·mm-1·℃-1,有氧化皮时锻件与模具间导热系数为0.105 N·s-1·mm-1·℃-1.     

二氧化碳气体压缩机锻件用钢制造工艺的完善

二气化碳压缩机系列锻件用钢15Cr2Mo1A、18CrMnMoB、40CrN iMo7、42CrN iMo6为意大利引进材料。采用电渣重熔、合理配锭以及集细化晶粒、扩氢、消除应力为一体的锻后热处理工艺,生产出了满足用户要求的产品。     

不锈钢分类

从热处理生产工艺考虑,不锈钢按显微组织和热处理特征分类更具有实际意义。一般加热至某一温度快冷(空冷)至室温所能获得的组织分为:铁素体型、马氏体型、奥氏体型、奥氏体-铁素体型及沉淀硬化型五类。(1)马氏体不锈钢:代表钢种为12Cr13、20Cr13、40Cr13、14Cr17Ni2和95Cr18等。(2)铁素体不锈钢:典型钢为06Cr13Al、10Cr17、10Cr17Mo等。(3)奥氏体不锈钢:典型钢为12Cr18Ni9(1Cr18Ni9)、06Cr19Ni10(0Cr18Ni9)等,工业上应用广泛,无磁性。(4)双相(奥氏体-铁素体)不锈钢,其中一相含量不低于25%,可以分为低合金型、中合金型、高合金型及超级双相不锈钢,如0Cr25Ni5Mo2等。(5)沉淀硬化不锈钢:17-4PH(M)05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb、17-7PH(半A)07Cr17Ni7Al、PH15-7Mo(半A)07Cr15Ni7Mo2Al等。     

Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

用氢-氧取代氧-乙炔作焊接切割的必要性及可行性

阐述了用氢代乙炔的必要性．通过时HGQU2000／315火焰电孤焊割机的考察和试用证实了用氢代乙炔的可行性，比较了两种气体的性质并提出了使用特性差异和注意事项．提出了进一步探索的问题。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

ACTIVITY OF La_2O_3 IN LIQUID La_2O_3-CaF_2 AND La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2 SLAGS

用石墨为还原剂,将渣中La_2O_3还原入液态Sn,以测定1500℃下La_2O_3-CaF_2和La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2渣中La_2O_3的活度.对La_2O_3-CaF_2系,并用Gibbs-Duhem积分法求得CaF_2的活度. 根据液态渣的离子结构模型,对上述二渣系中La_2O_3的活度数据进行了简单的讨论.     

Mechanoluminescence in BaSi2O2N2:Eu

Mechanoluminescence (ML), a general term for the phenomenon in which light emission occurs during any mechanical action on a solid, can be divided roughly into two classes: destructive ML and non-destructive ML. For practical use in high-end applications (e.g. pressure sensors), materials with non-destructive ML properties are preferred. This paper reports on the strong non-destructive ML in BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. When irradiated in advance with ultraviolet or blue light, this phosphor shows intense blue-green light emission upon mechanical stimulation such as friction or pressure. The ML has an emission band peaking at 498 nm, which is ～4 nm red-shifted compared to the steady-state photoluminescence. The origin of the ML is discussed and related to the persistent luminescence of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. The same traps are responsible for both phenomena. Based on the occurrence of ML in this phosphor, we were able to show that the predominant crystallographic structure of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu belongs to space group Cmc2₁.     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

Thermodynamic evaluation of phase equilibria in the CaCl2-MgCl2-CaF2-MgF2 system

The phase diagram of the CaCl₂-CaF₂-MgCl₂-MgF₂ reciprocal ternary system was calculated thermodynamically from available data on the common-ion binary subsystems and from available data on the CaCl₂-MgF₂ join. This join is very nearly quasibinary and divides the system into two quasiternary systems: the CaCl₂-MgF₂-CaF₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 724 +-5 °C and the CaC₂-MgF₂-MgCl₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 561 +-5 °C.     

High temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mn-alloys in H2-H2S and H2-H2O-H2S gas mixtures

The sulfidation of Fe-20% Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn and Fe-25% Cr was studied at 700°C in H₂-H₂S and the oxidation and sulfidation in H₂-H₂O-H₂S after preoxidation in H₂-H₂O. The sulfidation rate is strongly increased for the Mn-containing alloys, layers of (Mn,Cr)S and (Mn,Fe)Cr₂S₄ are formed. Also the oxidation rate is enhanced compared to Fe-25% Cr by formation of MnCr₂O₄ instead of Cr₂O₃. The sulfidation after preoxidation leads to internal and external sulfidation of the Mn-containing alloys. With increasing oxygen pressure p(O₂) = 10^?26…10^?22 atm. of the H₂-H₂O-H₂S mixtures the sulfidation is suppressed, for the higher oxygen pressure 10^?23 and 10^?22 atm. fast oxidation prevails under formation of MnCr₂O₄. Manganese cannot increase the sulfidation resistance of alloys, in spite of the stability and low degree of disorder of its sulfide, since the mixed sulfide (Mn,Cr)S is formed which has a high degree of disorder, high diffusivities and high growth rate according to the doping effect of trivalent Cr³⁺.     

The Quasi-Ternary System Cu2Se-Ga2Se3-GeSe2

The quasi-ternary system Cu₂Se-Ga₂Se₃-GeSe₂ was investigated using the methods of differential thermal and x-ray analysis. An isothermal section at 770 K and a liquidus surface projection of the phase diagram were constructed. The existence of the quaternary phase CuGaGeSe₄, the boundaries of solid solutions ranges of the system compounds were established.