几种添加剂对蛋糕糊比容和蛋糕保湿性的影响效果初探

以蛋糕糊比容和蛋糕保湿性为指标，对羧甲基纤维，蔗糖酯，单甘酯在蛋糕中的应用效果进行了探讨，初步筛选了其合理配比和用量。     

蛋糕油的制作及其对蛋糕质量影响的研究

采用三因素三水平的正交实验设计,制作了九种不同配方的蛋糕油,利用不同配方的蛋糕油采用一次搅打法制作蛋糕的烘焙实验来检验蛋糕油对蛋糕质量的影响,主要研究了蛋糕油的感官指标和蛋糕油的理化特性分析即打擦度、浆料比重、体积得率等三个指标,结果表明,蛋糕油的最优配方为分子蒸馏单甘酯14%、蔗糖脂肪酸酯9%、山梨醇10%。在确定最优配方的蛋糕油后,通过对蛋糕中添加蛋糕油的使用量、添加时间及烘焙方法等蛋糕油的工艺性特性进行研究,结果表明,蛋糕的烘焙工艺为在面粉用量100g、全蛋液200g时,蛋糕油适宜的使用量为20g;使用蛋糕油蛋糕的烘烤工艺中以入炉温度应在180℃,5min后提高到210℃进行烘烤最佳。本研究的目的为蛋糕油的生产和蛋糕的加工提供实验指导和理论依据。     

海绵蛋糕复合乳化剂研究

在海绵蛋糕中加入单甘油酯、蔗糖酯、硬酯酰乳酸钙(CSL)及Tween-80等乳化剂均能提高蛋糕品质,通过正交试验研究不同配比乳化剂对提高海绵蛋糕感官品质和保鲜性不同作用,其中蛋糕保鲜性通过测定蛋糕水分活度变化和感官变化加以判断;试验结果表明,海绵蛋糕乳化剂最佳工艺配方为:单甘油酯0．2％、蔗糖酯0．2％、硬酯酰乳酸钙(CSL)0．4％、Tween-80为0．1％。     

乳化剂对微波蛋糕品质的影响

采用微波熟化方式,研究乳化剂种类和用量对蛋糕品质的影响,优化乳化剂的配方,通过质构仪和感官品尝评价蛋糕品质.结果表明,分子蒸馏单甘酯(GMS)具有较好的起泡性和泡沫稳定性,可明显增大蛋糕比容,提高其柔软性:蔗糖脂肪酸酯(SE)和辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(OSA-starch)具有较好的乳化性能,三种乳化剂经复配后具有协同增效的作用.复合乳化剂的适宜配方为分子蒸馏单甘酯0.6％、蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.2％和辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯0.3％.添加了复合乳化剂的蛋糕的质地柔软,膨松性好,内部气孔小而均匀,口感细腻.     

复配型蛋糕品质改良剂的应用研完

蛋糕有着绵软而有弹性的结构,细密而紧韧的组织,滋润而嫩爽的口感,深受广大消费者的喜爱。但是在长期放置过程中,蛋糕会出现结构粗糙、松散干硬、弹性和风味变差等老化现象,使产品质量下降。本文分别研究了海藻酸钠、海藻酸丙二醇酯(PGA)和黄原胶对蛋糕面糊比重和感官评分品质的影响,单因素实验表明三种添加剂对蛋糕面糊特性和蛋糕产品品质都有一定效果;然后进行正交试验,试验优化出蛋糕品质改良剂的配方为:海藻酸钠0.15%,海藻酸丙二醇酯0.15%,黄原胶0.1%,在此条件下进行验证试验,检测后发现复配型蛋糕品质改良剂能改善蛋糕面糊比重,提高蛋糕质构特性和感官评分,使蛋糕弹性较好,硬度显著降低,老化程度明显较小,显示蛋糕的品质十分良好。     

甘薯淀粉磷酸单酯的性能及对蛋糕品质影响的研究

对甘薯淀粉磷酸单酯的特性研究表明：甘薯淀粉经酯化后，粘度、持水性、持气泡性和糊的透明度都增大，糊化温度降低，冻融稳定性明显增强。将甘薯淀粉磷酸单酯应用于蛋糕生产中，可明显地改善蛋糕的品质。     

甘薯淀粉磷酸单酯在蛋糕中的应用

本文对甘薯淀粉磷酸单酯的特性进行了研究。研究结果表明：甘薯淀粉经酯化后，粘度、持水性、持气泡性和糊的透明度都增大，糊化温度降低，冻融稳定性明显增强。将甘薯淀粉磷酸单酯应用于蛋糕生产中，可明显地改善蛋糕的品质。     

含丙二醇酯低脂蛋糕的流变学、气泡微结构和烘焙特性研究

文章探究了新型丙二醇酯对低脂蛋糕的面糊密度、黏度、流变、微观结构以及蛋糕烘焙特性的影响。结果表明:丙二醇酯能增加油脂的表面张力,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究表明丙二醇酯促进其转化为α晶型,有助于保护面糊小气泡不受到油脂消泡的影响,最优组气泡数增加了1.87倍。丙二醇酯能显著提高低脂蛋糕比容、降低硬度,从而改善了低脂蛋糕的品质特性。     

复合乳化剂提高海绵蛋糕质量的研究

在海绵蛋糕生产中加入单甘酯、蔗糖酯、司盘、吐温等乳化剂均能提高质量,使用以单甘酯为主体的复合乳化剂可明显缩短打蛋时间,最后制得的蛋糕具有体积增大,结构细腻,弹性好及口感佳,保鲜期长的特点。实验结果表明乳化剂混合物的最佳配比为单甘酯50％、司盘20％、吐温30％。     

蛋糕油的制作及其稳定性的研究

探讨了蛋糕油的制作方法和各个组分的作用,对蛋糕油稳定性的影响因素进行了详细的综述,并讨论了蔗糖脂肪酸酯对蛋糕油稳定性的改善作用。     

Measurement and Modelling of Thermal Conductivity of Sponge and Yellow Cakes as a Function of Porosity

A review of the literature identified that there is significant scatter in the data for the thermal conductivity of cakes (including muffins). Most data have been obtained using the line source or thermal conductivity probe method. In this work the thermal conductivity of two types of cakes (sponge cake and yellow cake) were measured over a range of porosities, using a transient comparative method. The thermal conductivity data measured in this work were generally lower than the data measured by the probe or line source method; however, they appeared to lie on a similar curve to the data collated by previous workers who measured thermal conductivity at porosities outside the range considered in this work. The thermal conductivity of the cakes was modelled assuming the cakes were binary materials made up of a condensed phase and air, using equations that did not contain any empirical parameters. Of the eight thermal conductivity models considered, the effective medium theory model provided the most accurate predictions for thermal conductivity as a function of porosity.     

低聚本糖蛋糕的研制

对低聚木糖蛋糕的配方和工艺进行了初步试验与研究,确定了低聚木糖的最适添加量,并提出了质量指标。     

变性淀粉对海绵蛋糕品质影响

研究预糊化乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯、预糊化玉米淀粉和预糊化羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯对蛋糕比容、水分活度和组织结构等方面影响。结果表明:添加0.20%预糊化乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯可增大蛋糕体积;添加0.40%~0.80%预糊化玉米淀粉对降低蛋糕水分活度效果明显;添加0.20%预糊化羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯对延缓蛋糕老化效果最为显著。     

胡萝卜蛋糕的研制

以胡萝卜、面粉、糖、鸡蛋、调和油为原料,通过正交试验,确定了最佳工艺配方,研制出了具有营养、保健功能的胡萝卜蛋糕。     

豆渣纤维蛋糕的研制

通过蛋糕中加入豆渣纤维的量及影响因素的分析,对豆渣纤维在蛋糕的生产工艺及应用进行了详细讨论。实验结果证明：面粉100 g、豆渣乳35 g、蛋糕油1.9 g、泡打粉0.7 g、鸡蛋35 g;烘烤温度：面火170℃、底火200℃,时间20~25 min时,产品质地和口感最佳。     

HACCP在蛋糕生产中的应用

探讨了蛋糕生产企业在应用HACCP体系时,描述产品、编写工艺流程、进行危害分析、编制HACCP计划表等具体实施过程。     

Effect of the particle size of pear pomace on the quality of enriched layer and sponge cakes

Pear pomace (PP) is a by-product of the fruit industry with a high content of fibre. Its potential as an ingredient at 15% or 30% level for sponge and layer cakes was investigated. Three PP powders with different particle sizes (fine, medium and coarse) were obtained. Batter microstructure, density and viscosity and cake specific volume, texture and colour were evaluated. When PP was added, less uniformity in bubble distribution was observed in batters, particularly at higher particle sizes. Cake specific volume significantly diminished with increasing amounts of PP. For sponge cakes, the decrease in specific volume was the highest for the finest particle size of PP. In general, increasing PP addition increased hardness and reduced elasticity, cohesiveness and resilience but the effect depended on the particle size. In general, better textural attributes were obtained with medium and coarse particle sizes. These results indicate that PP of an adequate particle size could be a promising fibre source for different cake formulations.     

Original article: Influence of flour mill streams on cake quality

Wheat‐milling process generates different flour streams that differ in particle size, composition and functional and cake‐making properties. Particle size, composition and pasting properties of flour fractions (two from break and three from reduction system) obtained during milling of three wheats varying in protein content were determined. Shape, textural, colour and sensory analyses were performed on cakes prepared with the different mill streams. The final break and reduction streams had the highest protein and ash contents, pasting temperatures and the lowest starch percentage. Cakes prepared with the last streams showed higher batter density and lower volume. These results could indicate good air incorporation but deficient air distribution. Last streams cakes showed a darker, more reddish and yellowish crumb that was significantly related to flour colour characteristics. Because of these differences, such cakes obtained the lowest sensory scores. In this study, it has been verified that, to adapt flours to cake preparation, the final streams should be eliminated. The particle size of each stream is the most determinant parameter to obtain cakes with better volume and texture, being the flours with small particle size the most adequate.     

可变形芝麻和花生饼的渗透率试验与数值模拟

进行了芝麻与花生饼植物油料的压榨渗透率试验。考虑芝麻与花生饼的孔隙率、渗透率在压榨过程中的变化,根据流固耦合渗流理论,建立了可变形芝麻与花生饼的一维渗流微分方程,给出了一维定常耦合渗流问题的解析解。在渗透率的试验基础上,采用改进模拟退火计算方法对与芝麻与花生饼渗透率模型参数进行了反演。研究表明:饼中孔隙压力与渗透率均为非线性分布;渗透率与有效应力呈指数关系。     

Efficacy of filter cake and Triplex powders from Ethiopia against three externally developing stored product insect species

Efficacy of filter cake and Triplex powders was evaluated against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst); saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.); and Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner). Mortality of T. castaneum and O. surinamensis was determined 14 d after exposing 20 adults to 100 g of maize and wheat treated with 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2, and 3 g/kg of filter cake and 0, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 10 g/kg of Triplex. Adult progeny production was determined at 42 d. Live larvae at 21 d and adults of P. interpunctella that emerged at 42 d were determined by exposing 100 eggs to 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2, and 3 g/kg of filter cake and 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 8 g/kg of Triplex treated maize and wheat. On both grains, 100% mortality of T. castaneum and O. surinamensis adults was observed after exposure to 2–3 and 1–3 g/kg of filter cake, respectively. On wheat, 100% mortality only of O. surinamensis was observed in 2–3 g/kg Triplex treatment. Adult progeny production of T. castaneum and O. surinamensis was completely suppressed on both grains treated with 0.7–3 g/kg of filter cake. Adult progeny production of T. castaneum was completely suppressed at 1–3 g/kg of Triplex treated grains, whereas complete suppression of O. surinamensis was achieved only on maize treated with 2–3 g/kg of Triplex. Both live larvae at 21 d and adults of P. interpunctella that emerged at 42 d were completely suppressed when eggs were exposed to 2–3 and 0.5–3 g/kg filter cake treated maize and wheat, respectively, and on 6–8 and 3 g/kg Triplex treated maize and wheat, respectively. Filter cake was more efficacious compared to Triplex on both grains.