新型高效脱氧剂的工业应用

本文介绍了中国科学院大连化学物理研究所国家催化工程技术研究中心研制的ＰＰＰ型丙烯液相脱氧催化剂在呼和浩特炼油厂聚丙烯装置上的原料丙烯精制净化过程中的实际应用情况,针对氧对丙烯聚合反应的影响及该脱氧剂的运行情况进行了分析和总结。     

煤层气脱氧剂的研究进展

阐述了燃烧脱氧、催化氧化、化学吸收法等3种脱氧机理，主要综述了贵金属、铜系、铁系、锰系、钼系以及多孔陶瓷材料等相关脱氧剂的制备工艺、脱氧原理和研究现状。通过对比不同脱氧剂的制备成本以及脱氧效果、后处理程序等，指出各种脱氧剂的优缺点。其中贵金属脱氧剂脱氧效果最好，但消耗甲烷、氢气等还原气体，且产生CO₂/H₂O等杂质；非贵金属脱氧剂价格低廉，但脱氧效果略差，使用温度相对较高；非金属型脱氧剂具有不易硫中毒等优缺点。最后，综合前述脱氧剂的特点，提出脱氧剂的两个发展方向，即非金属脱氧剂和具有较强吸附、催化性能的复合型脱氧剂。     

MnO-Ag／CaAl2O4乙烯脱氧剂性能

比较了还原温度对MnO/CaAl2O4和MnO-Ag/CaAl2O4乙烯脱氧剂脱氧容量的影响;考察了反应温度、反应压力、乙烯空速、乙烯中氧含量对MnO-Ag/CaAl2O4脱氧容量和脱氧后乙烯中残余氧含量的影响以及该脱氧剂重复再生使用时脱氧容量的变化.实验结果表明,MnO-Ag/CaAl2O4脱氧剂的还原再生温度比MnO/CaAl2O4低180℃;MnO-Ag/CaAl2O4脱氧刺在温度25-150℃,压力0.50～3.0MPa,空速1200～8000h-1反应条件下,可以将乙烯中氧含量从50～1000μL/L几净化至小于0.050μL/L;脱氧容量与反应温度呈正比例关系,在25℃和80℃其脱氧容量分别大于7.0mL氧/g脱氧剂和11.0mL氧/g脱氧剂;MnO-Ag/CaAl2O4脱氧剂能够反复再生使用,不会引起乙烯发生聚合、氧化等副反应.     

钢铁脱氧剂的研究和应用

介绍了目前钢铁行业脱氧剂的主要种类,阐述了炼钢脱氧剂的理论机理和脱氧方式,分析了不同种类的炼钢脱氧剂的方法及作用。合适的脱氧剂可高效完成对钢水的预脱氧和终脱氧,提升钢材质量,因此如何选择合适的脱氧剂至关重要。     

Cs—1型聚丙烯高效载体催化剂工业应用试验

Cs-1型聚丙烯高效载体催化剂在液相本体聚丙烯装置上的工业应用试验结果表明:催化剂活性高(29kg PP/g Cat或1270kg PP/g Ti),定向能力强(产品等规度在98％以上),产品氯含量低(小于50ppm),产品质量明显优于络合Ⅱ型催化剂生产的产品。该催化剂适应性强,现有液相本体装置,原料丙烯不作深度精制、聚合釜撤热系统基本不作改造即可直接应用。     

HDS型高效耐硫脱氧剂的研究

本文叙述了所开发的相系HDS型高效耐硫脱氧剂的各种性能。对普氮、普氢、氩气等不同气 源（氧含量0.1％～0.5％）的脱氧试验表明：在空速:2 000～30 000 h^-1、压力：常压～1.2 MPa、温度：298～473 K的条件下,尾气中残氧量小于0.3×10^-6(V)。对含硫含氢气源,可脱氧至0.1 ppm(V)。对不含氢的气源脱氧,氧容量可达84 mL·g^-1,1000余小时的长期运转表明该脱氧剂具有良好的耐硫和热稳定性能,且成本低廉可广泛地用于化学工业和其它工业领域。     

正交试验设计优化脱氧剂配方亚硫酸盐系脱氧剂的研究

速效型亚硫酸盐系列脱氧剂 ,其最主要的化学组分为连二亚硫酸钠(Na2 S2 O4 )、氢氧化钙 (Ca(OH) 2 )、活性炭 (C)及水等组成 ,各组份搭配是否合理将直接影响脱氧剂的起动速度、脱氧率及产品的成本。通过对其化学反应机理的研究 ,提出了在定常环境状态条件下 ,应用正交试验设计法 ,筛选出最优化的配方量为 :Na2 S2 O4 :Ca(OH) 2 :C :H2 O =1:1 5 :0 6:0 5 (质量 ,份 ) ,可达到 0 5小时内脱氧 75 9% ,5小时内实际最大脱氧量为 12 0 4ml.O2 /g .Na2 S2 O4 的脱氧效果。     

小本体聚丙烯装置的丙烯液相常温精脱硫技术

分析了硫对丙烯聚合高效催化剂的影响,介绍了采用国产脱硫剂对液相丙烯进行常温精脱硫的情况。生产实践表明,在粗丙烯硫含量不大于10μg／g情况下,精丙烯硫含量可控制在1.0μg/g左右,使聚丙烯装置的产品质量和经济效益大为改善。     

高效锰系脱氧剂的研制及性能测试

采用可分解的锰化合物作为锰源，以分子筛作载体，添加黏结剂和扩孔剂，用混合法制备了Mn/分子筛脱氧剂，并对Mn/分子筛脱氧剂进行XRD物相、孔结构、X射线荧光元素及SEM表面形貌分析。在进口氧体积分数小于600×10-6、原料气空速1 000 h-1、脱氧温度（200~250） ℃和活化温度250 ℃条件下，脱氧后气体中的残氧体积分数小于0.2×10-6，脱氧容量大于25 mL·g-1。该脱氧剂性能优异，强度高，适用于较高氧含量的气体脱氧，能满足工业化生产要求。     

HDC高效催化剂在小本体聚丙烯装置的应用

本文介绍了由石油化工科学院研制开发,燕化高新工业化生产的HDC型高效催化剂,在呼和浩特石化公司聚丙烯车间间歇式液相小本体聚丙烯1.0×104t/a生产装置上的工业应用试验情况,试验结果表明,HDC型高效催化剂活性高,单釜产量高,聚合反应前期放热均匀,操作易于控制,具有推广应用价值.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。