热处理对2519铝合金接头组织及性能的影响

研究了焊后时效及固溶＋时效热处理对2519铝合金焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响．结果表明,时效处理后,处于欠时效态的焊缝析出强化相增加,硬度升高,而过时效态的热影响区软化区组织和硬度没有明显变化,焊接接头的强度略微提高,塑性下降．固溶＋时效处理后,焊缝中网状共晶减少,焊缝和热影响区软化区内的析出相形态变为细小的针状,且数量增加,焊缝金属硬度明显提高,热影响区的软化现象消失,焊接接头的强度和塑性显著增加．     

薄壁3003铝合金管高频感应焊焊接接头微观组织及力学性能研究

采用高频感应焊接技术对壁厚为0.28 mm的3003铝合金进行焊接，研究了焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明，焊接接头晶粒细小，是焊接过程中感应加热与挤压同步进行，局部晶粒发生塑性变形从而抑制了晶粒长大所致；焊接接头熔合区呈上下宽、中间窄的窄腰状，宽度为6～10μm,熔融区呈细腰鼓形，单侧宽度为24～49μm,其相邻两侧的热影响区部分发生再结晶，宽度为115～127μm;断口形貌显示焊接接头断裂类型为以韧性断裂为主的韧脆混合型断裂，其抗拉强度为242 MPa,达到带材的91%,伸长率为15%,略低于带材(23%);焊接接头各区域硬度值呈M形对称分布，熔融区与热影响区硬度值明显高于母材区，熔融区最高，达到85.27HV,热影响区约为79.33HV,熔合区硬度值最低，为55.85HV。与母材相比，焊接接头强度和硬度分布规律与各区域晶粒大小和第二相种类及分布有关。     

X70大变形管环焊接头及断裂机制研究

目的基于应变设计大变形管线环焊接头热影响区的软化问题,解决制约管线安装质量和服役寿命等难题。方法通过显微硬度测试、微观组织分析,研究了X70大变形管接头热影响区的软化原因,并利用数字相关法研究了焊接接头拉伸过程中的断裂机制,还对焊接接头热影响区进行了激光增强探索。结果 X70焊接接头热影响区粗晶区的最大硬度损失达HV0.239;软化区最大应变达到37%以上;经过热影响区激光重熔后,X70钢焊接接头抗拉强度可提高10%以上,断裂位置均位于母材。结论 X70焊接接头热影响区粗晶区存在明显的软化;拉伸过程中在软化区出现了明显的应变集中,是X70焊接接头断裂于近缝区的主要原因;焊接接头热影响区粗晶区粗大的粒状贝氏体和铁素体导致了焊接接头热影响区的软化。     

Q960E超高强钢焊接接头组织和性能研究

目的 对Q960E超高强钢的焊接工艺进行研究以获得高强高韧的焊接接头。方法 选择超高强钢Q960E作为母材、FK1000ER120S–G焊丝作为填充材料进行MAG焊,采用改变焊接电流的方式来研究焊接热输入对焊接接头组织和性能的影响。结果 当焊接电流为155～230 A时,均获得了全焊透无明显缺陷的焊缝。随着焊接热输入的增大,焊接接头中各亚区宽度增大,其中焊缝区变化最为显著,在最小热输入条件下焊缝宽度为3.98 mm,在最大热输入条件下焊缝宽度增至5.53 mm。对焊接接头进行组织分析发现,焊缝组织主要为针状铁素体和板条马氏体;完全相变区组织主要为板条马氏体;未完全相变区组织主要为回火马氏体和部分重结晶形成的马氏体。硬度测试表明,在热影响区的回火区发生了软化现象,最低硬度仅为290HV;在完全相变区发生了硬化现象,硬度最大值可达500HV。在不同热输入条件下,焊接接头各亚区硬度变化趋势一致,焊接接头抗拉强度为995～1 076 MPa,拉伸试验均断裂在热影响区,断后伸长率为9.33%～10.21%,断裂时存在颈缩现象,为韧性断裂。随着热输入的增加,粗晶区马氏体板条束宽度增大,未完全相变区...     

高强度结构钢及其接头热影响区的疲劳及断裂性能分析

采用焊条电弧焊对48 mm厚高强度结构钢进行焊接,对焊接接头热影响区疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值ΔK_th、裂纹扩展速率da/dN和断裂韧度K_IC进行研究并与基体进行对比。结果表明,在室温下,焊接接头热影响区具有更好的疲劳和断裂性能;随着与熔合线距离的增大,热影响区的组织依次为粗大板条状贝氏体+奥氏体薄膜、细粒状贝氏体、回火索氏体+细粒状贝氏体,硬度逐渐下降;在室温下,焊接接头热影响区和基体冲击韧性均位于上平台。热影响区的残余奥氏体薄膜和硬度较高的贝氏体是影响其疲劳和断裂性能的重要因素。      

深潜器用Ti80厚板电子束焊接接头组织性能研究

采用电子束焊接方法焊接深潜器用56 mm厚Ti80合金,并对焊接接头的组织结构和力学性能进行研究。结果表明,焊接接头成形良好,无缺陷;焊缝组织为马氏体α相和残余β相组成的网篮组织;熔合区界线明显,过热区十分窄;热影响区组织由初生α相、马氏体α相和β相组成;焊接接头各区域显微硬度值分布不均匀,由焊缝至母材显微硬度值逐渐下降;拉伸断裂发生在远离焊缝的母材处,接头抗拉强度为935.3 MPa,大于原始母材的911.8 MPa;焊缝冲击吸收功为36.3 J,由焊缝至母材冲击吸收功值逐渐增大,接头各区域冲击断裂方式均为韧性断裂。     

不锈钢激光-MAG复合焊接头微区性能研究

激光复合焊可用于不锈钢焊接,但激光复合焊接头热影响区小,组织变化梯度大.研究接头微区性能可以确定接头薄弱环节,为焊接接头的工艺评定和断裂分析提供理论依据.为此,本文对4 mm厚SUS301L-HT不锈钢进行激光-MAG复合焊接,采用维氏硬度、微型剪切和微拉伸等试验,研究了焊接接头焊缝、热影响区及母材的微区力学性能,并结合金相、断口扫描等分析了各微区力学性能的差异.结果表明：焊缝区域组织主要为柱状奥氏体树枝晶+少量的δ铁素体;母材的剪切强度和抗拉强度最高,分别为560和1 066 MPa,其次为复合焊接头热影响区,焊缝区域最差,接头硬度分布规律与各微区强度变化趋势一致;运用数学方法,得出了接头微拉伸强度与微型剪切强度、硬度之间关系的经验公式.接头各微区剪切断口和拉伸断口SEM分析呈现典型的韧性断裂特征.     

5083和6061铝合金异种搅拌摩擦焊接接头的组织和性能

以不同的转速对6 mm厚的5083和6061铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊接,研究了焊接参数对接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明,控制焊接参数可获得良好的焊接质量,接头强度系数为85%。随着转速的升高5083和6061铝合金的晶粒尺寸都逐渐增大,但是在焊核区内5083铝合金的晶粒尺寸比6061铝合金的小;在6061铝合金一侧的热影响区,随着转速的增加析出相的尺寸和密度都逐渐增大。5组焊接参数的焊接接头的最低硬度区均出现在6061铝合金一侧的热影响区,随着转速的升高接头的最低硬度也逐渐提高;焊接接头均断裂在最低硬度区,且随着转速的升高接头的抗拉强度也逐渐提高。     

焊后热处理对7055-0.1Sc铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的组织与力学性能的影响

对11 mm厚的7055-0.1Sc-T4铝合金板材进行搅拌摩擦焊接，研究了焊后热处理对接头的组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，热处理前接头的硬度分布呈“W”形，接头前进侧和后退侧都有一个最低硬度区，强度系数为63.0%～73.8%，拉伸断口位于后退侧最低硬度区。焊后人工时效(120℃×24 h)热处理使焊核的硬度提高，但是不改变接头最低硬度区的硬度，对拉伸性能和断裂行为的影响甚微。焊后的固溶(470℃×1.5 h+水淬)+人工时效(120℃×24 h)(T6)热处理不改变低焊速接头的晶粒组织，但是使高焊速接头焊核区底部的晶粒异常长大；T6热处理使接头各区域原有的沉淀相溶解，重新生成细小均匀的η’和η(MgZn₂)沉淀相，使其硬度显著提高；T6热处理使接头沿“S”线附近出现微小的孔洞、在拉伸过程中沿“S”线开裂、其抗拉强度比焊接态大幅度提高，达到母材强度的87%，但是其塑性严重降低。     

6005A铝合金挤压型材搅拌摩擦焊接头的疲劳性能

对6005A-T6铝合金挤压型材进行焊速为1000 mm/min的搅拌摩擦高焊速焊接,研究了对接面机械打磨对接头组织和力学性能的影响.结果 表明,与生产中常用的焊前打磨处理相比,尽管对接面未机械打磨的接头焊核区的"S"线更明显,但是两种接头的硬度分布和拉伸性能相当,拉伸时都在最低硬度区即热影响区断裂.高周疲劳实验结果表...     

铝合金厚板静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能

采用8.5 mm厚度2A14-T4铝合金和自主研制搅拌工具进行静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊（stationary shoulder friction stir welding,SSFSW）实验,探讨焊接工艺参数对接头组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：只有在低转速工艺参数范围内（转速ω=400~600 r/min与焊接速率v=60~120 mm/min）可获得焊缝表面光滑、无缺陷厚板铝合金SSFSW焊接接头。SSFSW焊缝区主要由焊核区（NZ）组成,周围热力影响区（TMAZ）及热影响区（HAZ）宽度明显减小,焊核区与搅拌针形状类似且由两种不同尺寸细小等轴晶构成,前进侧NZ晶粒比后退侧NZ更为细小。接头显微硬度呈"W"状分布,NZ硬度值可达到母材硬度80%~90%,TMAZ与HAZ交界处存在软化区,硬度最低为母材硬度72%左右。在给定ω=500 r/min,v=140 mm/min焊接参数下,SSFSW接头抗拉强度可达到母材的88%,断裂位置多位于后退侧TMAZ与HAZ交界处软化区,具有韧性断裂特征。     

Effect of Rotation Rate on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of FSW Mg-Zn-Y-Zr Alloy Joints

Friction stir welding (FSW) of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr plates with 6 mm in thickness was successfully carried out under a wide range of rotation rates of 600-1200 r/min with a constant traverse speed of 100 mm/min. After FSW, the coarse grains in the parent material (PM) were changed into fine equiaxed recrystallized grains at the nugget zone (NZ). Furthermore, the coarse Mg-Zn-Y particles (W-phase) were broken up and dispersed homogenously into the Mg matrix. With increasing rotation rates, the size of the W-phase particles at the NZ significantly decreased, but the recrystallized grain size tended to increase. The hardness values of the NZs for all the FSW joints were higher than those of the PM, and the lowest hardness values were detected in the heat affected zone (HAZ). The fracture occurred in the thermo-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ) on the advancing side for all the FSW joints in the tensile test, due to the incompatibility of the plastic deformation between the NZ and TMAZ caused by remarkably different orientation of grains and W-phase particles. The strength of FSW joint reaches 90% of that of its PM.     

6005A-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与力学性能特征

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、拉伸实验机和显微硬度计对6005A铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的微观组织及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:焊核区为细小的等轴晶,几乎所有粒子溶于基体;热机械影响区呈现为被拉长的畸变晶粒,且存在大量的位错;热影响区的组织明显粗化,处于过时效状态。与母材相比,搅拌摩擦焊接头的强度及伸长率均有下降趋势,且接头出现软化,最小硬度值出现在前进侧的热影响区内。搅拌头旋转速率为1200r/min、焊接速率为200mm/min时可获得优质接头,抗拉强度达到母材强度的72%,伸长率达到母材的69%。     

Effect of FSW parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of AM20 welds

This paper aims to demonstrate the successful friction stir welding (FSW) conditions of AM20 magnesium alloy. The maximum yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of weld were found to be 75% and 65% of the base metal strength, respectively. The maximum bending angle of the welded joint was 45°. Observations revealed that less plunging depth, high shoulder diameter, and low tool rotational speed and welding speed give better tensile properties. Maximum temperature was observed at 1?mm away from the tool shoulder toward the advancing side. Micro-hardness variation is found to be decreasing along the depth of the weld, and nugget zone (NZ) gives the higher hardness values when compared with base material (BM) and other welded zones. Needle-like grains of the BM became equiaxed grains due to grain recrystalized by the FSW process. The grains in the NZ were finer than thermo-mechanically affected zone and almost same size of grains observed at bottom, middle, and top of the NZ.     

2A12铝合金筋板件T型搅拌摩擦焊工艺及焊后热处理

为评价2A12铝合金筋板件搅拌摩擦焊工艺并探寻提高接头强度的途径,进行了2A12铝合金筋板件的T型搅拌摩擦焊焊接工艺试验,并对不同人工时效热处理下焊接接头的微观组织及性能进行了研究.研究表明:采用T型搅拌摩擦焊即可实现2A12铝合金筋板件的成形,当搅拌头旋转速度为750 r/min、焊接速度60mm/min时,接头的抗...     

Effect of welding parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 2219Al-T6 joints

The effect of friction stir welding (FSW) parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 5.6 mm thick 2219Al-T6 joints was investigated in detail. While the sound FSW joints could be obtained under lower rotation rates of 400–800 rpm and welding speeds of 100–800 mm/min; higher rotation rates of 1200–1600 rpm easily led to the tunnel and void defects. The FSW thermal cycle resulted in low hardness zones (LHZs) on both retreating side (RS) and advancing side (AS). The LHZs may be located at the interface between the nugget zone (NZ) and the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), at the TMAZ, or at the heat affected zone under the varied welding parameters. The tensile strength of FSW 2219Al-T6 joints increased when increasing the welding speed from 100 to 800 mm/min, and was weakly dependent on the rotation rates from 400 to 1200 rpm. The FSW 2219Al-T6 joints fractured along the LHZ on the RS.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a new Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy joints welded by laser beam

A new type of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy sheets with T6 temper were welded by laser beam welding (LBW). Microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated. Results show that grains in the heat affected zone (HAZ) exhibit an elongated shape which is almost same as the base metal (BM). A non-dendritic equiaxed grain zone (EQZ) appears along the fusion line in the fusion zone (FZ), and grains here do not appear to nucleate epitaxially from the HAZ substrate. The FZ is mainly made up of dendritic equiaxed grains whose boundaries are decorated with continuous particles, identified as the T (AlZnMgCu) phase. Obvious softening occurs in FZ and HAZ, which mainly due to the changes of nanometric precipitates. The precipitates in BM are mainly η′, while plenty of GPI zones exist in FZ and HAZ adjacent to FZ, in the HAZ farther away from FZ, η phase appears. The minimum microhardness of the joint is always obtained in FZ at different times after welding. The ultimate tensile strength of the joint is 471.1 MPa which is 69.7% of that of the BM. Samples of the tensile tests always fracture at the FZ.     

AA7075 bit for repairing AA2219 keyhole by filling friction stir welding

In the present study, 7.8 mm thick AA2219 rolled plates were successfully filling friction stir welded (FFSW) without keyhole using a semi-consumable tool. The influences of the bit’s geometric parameters and the plunge speed on the joint’s mechanical properties were investigated. Microstructure of the joint, especially at the interface, was observed. The results revealed that the AA7075 bit’s employment was able to decrease the shedding bit material effectively. During tensile tests, the maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation of the joint were 179.6 MPa and 13.7%, equivalent to 96.6% and 99% of the original defect-free friction stir welding (FSW) joint, respectively. The defect-free FFSW joints were produced at lower plunge speeds, and the fracture locations were at the softened region within the heat affected zone (HAZ) adjacent to the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) on the retreating side. With increasing the plunge speed, the fracture location was more mainly dependent on the interface strength instead of the hardness distribution.     

Effects of welding speed on the microstructure and hardness in friction stir welding joints of 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy

The 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy was friction stir welded at different welding speeds. The peak temperature, microstructure and mechanical properties were examined for these joints. A special attention was devoted to the relationship between the precipitates evolution within different zones and the local hardness. In the nugget zone (NZ) experiencing the highest peak temperature, the β″ precipitates dissolved into α-Al matrix during welding, and the hardness of NZ depended on the level of natural aging (NA) at different welding speeds. The thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) is characterized by elongated grains with a high density of dislocations. The welding speed had not a significant effect on hardness in this zone. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) contains the transformation of β″–β′, the precipitation of Q′ and the coarsening of precipitates. The HAZ close to the joint center line exhibited the minimum hardness due to the coarsening of β′ and Q′ precipitates while the HAZ far from it having a high hardness level was mainly related to coherent β″ precipitates. The HAZ hardness and joint strength have an increased tendency with increasing the welding speed. It can be explained by increasing the density of Q′ or β″ precipitates.