离子色谱条件优化在水质检测中的应用

基于美国PE 300Q电感耦合等离子体发射质谱仪(ICP-MS,Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry)、美国PE Optima8000电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)仪器,分析在水质检测中的应用离子色谱条件优化的方法决策,确保可以提升实际中进行水质检测的质量。     

涂料中重金属元素的测定

采用60℃烘烤法制备涂膜处理样品,并对实验条件即溶样的时间、温度和酸度进行选择,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测量技术,优化工作条件和实验参数。     

高炉粒化矿渣对混凝土孔溶液离子浓度的影响

通过离心和高压萃取法提取水泥-高炉粒化矿渣体系1 h和10～24 h液相,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪和pH计测试液相离子浓度和pH值,研究了高炉粒化矿渣掺量对体系液相离子浓度和pH值的影响。结果表明:随水化时间延长,水泥-高炉粒化矿渣体系早龄期液相中K~+、Na~+、SiO_4~(4-)浓度和pH值逐渐增大,Ca~(2+)和SO_4~(2-)浓度先增大后减小,10 h左右均达到峰值,AlO_2~-浓度呈类似变化;随高炉粒化矿渣掺量增加,液相中K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)和AlO_2~-浓度及pH值逐渐减小,SiO_4~(4-)浓度逐渐增大,40%高炉粒化矿渣掺量对Ca~(2+)浓度影响程度最显著。     

Na~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)对纸面石膏板粘结性能的影响

该文借助TGA(热重法)、IC(离子色谱分析)等分析手段,研究了Na~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)对纸面石膏板粘结性能的影响。结果表明:Na~+、K~+对纸面石膏板的粘结性能基本没有影响,Mg~(2+)可以比较明显降低纸面石膏板的粘结性能;改性淀粉可以在一定程度上改善由Mg~(2+)浓度过高导致的粘结性能问题,但仍需在今后科研工作中找到更优的问题解决方案。     

阳离子交换树脂分离富集-ICP-AES法测定地质样品中15种稀土元素

样品用四酸(盐酸+硝酸+高氯酸+氢氟酸)溶解,经阳离子交换树脂分离富集后用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定其中的15种的稀土元素。选用HCl(1.2mol/L)作平衡液和淋洗液,HCl(4.0mol/L)作洗脱液进行实验,测量时选择最佳的分析谱线从而避开杂质峰的干扰。各稀土元素的方法检出限均低于1.5μg/g,相对标准偏差小于11%。经标准物质验证结果可靠,适合地质样品中稀土元素的同时测量。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定地质样品中重稀土元素和钍、铀

对电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定地质样品中重稀土元素和钍、铀的前处理方法做了改进。采取酸溶法和碱熔法结合,先用硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸和高氯酸溶样,用盐酸(1+1)提取,再过滤,滤渣及滤纸灰化后再碱熔,最后用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定重稀土元素和钍、铀的含量。增加称样量以保证样品更具代表性。克服了酸溶法分解不完全导致测定结果偏低和碱熔法引入太多盐分堵塞ICP-MS矩管和雾化器的两大弊端。方法经国家一级标准物质验证,测定值与标准值基本一致,方法相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~5.6%,符合地质样品分析规范要求。钇、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥和钍、铀的方法定量限分别为0.19、0.017、0.032、0.008、0.046、0.004、0.032、0.005、0.024、0.069μg/g。     

ICP-MS法检测水中锂、锶、钴、钒、硼的方法研究

目前对于水中锂、锶、钴、钒、硼所采用的检测方法存在一些不足,而采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS法)检测优势明显。此次采用ICP-MS法对水中锂、锶、钴、钒、硼五种元素进行检测,并对该方法的适用性进行研究。     

金属离子对MDEA+MEA复配胺液发泡影响研究

采用气流法,搭建了一套胺液发泡特性实验装置,研究添加Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Na~+、K~+离子后的MDEA+MEA复配胺液的发泡高度与消泡时间,分析金属离子质量浓度对复配胺液发泡特性及其泡沫稳定性的影响。研究发现:在实验研究质量浓度范围内,Fe~(3+)、Mg~(2+)对复配胺液发泡特性的影响最大,显著促进复配胺液的发泡过程,增强泡沫稳定性。复配胺液的发泡特性与泡沫稳定性受Fe~(2+)和K~+质量浓度变化影响较小。Ca~(2+)和Na~+可以降低发泡高度,缩短消泡时间,起到抑制发泡的作用。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定矿石中的铼——三种前处理方法比较

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法是目前最常用测定分散元素铼的分析手段,其样品前处理方式有酸溶、半溶法。综合比较目前常用的三种溶样方法:氧化镁半溶法、密闭酸溶法、四酸(硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸、盐酸)敞开+强氧化剂法,从数据准确度、称样量、样品分解程度、引入杂质、溶解时间、操作过程等方面综合考察方法的适用性,并探讨了铼的不同三种伴生矿物对结果的影响。结果表明,氧化镁半溶法准确度高,适合低含量样品的测定,但过程复杂,不适合大批量的样品;密闭酸溶法适合高含量样品测定;四酸敞开+强氧化剂法操作简单,溶矿时间较短,但因采用了高沸点酸高氯酸,使结果偏低。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定小麦制品中的铝含量

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定小麦制品中铝元素的方法是在微波消解条件的优化基础之上进行的。用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定市场上多种小麦制品中Al元素的含量,方法快速简便,结果准确、精密度高,标准曲线相关系数在0.995 0~0.999 9,是一种准确测定、分析小麦制品中铝含量的方法,同时其检测数据为小麦制品的食用安全性提供保障。     

干旱区绿洲环境下的新疆小城镇建设投资

一、研究区域基本现状新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地,地貌轮廓表现为“三山夹两盆”,山地与平原的面积大致各占50%,镶嵌于戈壁沙漠的绿洲仅有7万平方公里。新疆土地面积166.49万平方公里,占全国总面积的六分之一。气候干旱,荒漠广布,是中国最大的干旱区,是亚洲干旱核心区,也是世界上著名的干旱区之一。水资源短缺,生态极度脆弱。新疆2004年底有1950万人,人均GDP已经超过了1000美元,城镇化进入了快速发展阶段,特别是小城镇的发展速度较快。但新疆特殊的干旱区绿洲环境,使得小城镇的发展存在许多问题。一是城镇规模小而散,基础设施配套差,城镇集散和…     

污泥制砖存在问题浅析

污泥制砖符合国家的环保政策,但在技术方面还待进一步创新和突破。为此分析了污泥制砖在技术方面、环保方面和社会大众认可方面存在问题及相应的改进措施。     

Levels of manganese in the urine of female farmers in non-polluted regions in Japan

Nearly 1500 urine samples were collected from female farmers in eight regions widely scattered in the islands of Japan in the winter of 1987-1988. The samples were analysed for manganese by wet ashing and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry under strict quality control. The values observed after adjustment for a specific gravity of 1.016 were distributed log-normally with a geometric mean of 0.65 microgram/l and a geometric standard deviation of 2.47. There was no effect of aging or any effect of smoking on the urinary manganese concentration. The inter-regional difference may be present but not yet conclusive. As no sex difference was observed in a previous study, it may be possible to deduce that the value may possibly stand for the "background" level of both men and women, either smoking or non-smoking, among the general Japanese population. The observed value is discussed in comparison with values reported in the literature.     

Typification of Fires in Buildings in Spain

Although the Dirección de General de Protección Civil (DGPC), an agency of the Spanish government, has been responsible for the collection of data and the statistical analysis of fires since 1985, it has not as yet issued any reports. It is true that a couple of studies have been made, but in neither case did they use a standardized methodology but relied simply on the heterogeneous information provided by the fire brigades which cooperated in the studies. At that time Spanish fire brigades did not have special units for professional fire investigation, nor was the information derived from standardized methodologies suited to research purposes. In addition, information was extremely scarce and basic, focussed only on the fire, the use of the building and personal data of the victims. In this context, the project for a Fire Investigation Unit in the Fire Brigade of Málaga (the sixth largest Spanish province in inhabitants) was set up. Although inspired in the methodologies used in the USA and in the UK, the aim was to create a customized methodology for the first scientific investigation of fires in Spain. Our research was conducted in 2007. Using the methodologies of the USA and the UK, our own methodological approach and the Spanish regulations, we drew up a questionnaire with 110 variables arranged into 6 modules. We studied 96 fires out of the 154 emergency fire calls received in 2007, having omitted some emergency calls for various reasons. Our results revealed that it was necessary to generalize the installation of fire extinguishers in residential buildings, to train the general public in the use of these devices, to promote the use of fire and smoke detectors in residential buildings, to encourage the inspection and control of old electric installations and to monitor the new installations, to generalize the implementation of emergency and evacuation plans and to design new systems and materials for the cabinets where hand-held extinguishers are stored.     

莳花在城市绿化中的应用

目的:花化、香化、彩化已成为城市园林绿化的主要趋势,也是为满足人们对环境要求越来越高的一种心境。方法:选择采用莳花能表现出品种繁多,色彩艳丽等不同的方式,从而能在很大程度上丰富了植物造景的层次感要求。结果:能使其达到美化环境、增添节日气氛、提高绿化品质等方面有着突出的作用。结论:莳花造景对城市的美化可达到立杆见影效果,从而提高城市的形象和品位。     

分光光度法测水中余氯

介绍了用双硫腙分光光度法测定水中余氯的新方法，阐述了其测定试验过程，根据试验结果显示，其结论符合国家标准，表明该方法可用于自来水等样品中余氯含量的测定，结果比较准确。     

Intersections of inequality in homeownership in Sweden

Abstract

Inequalities relating to ownership of housing have become a major issue de jour in many Western societies. This article examines how the distribution of homeownership in Sweden relates to two factors widely seen as significant to such inequalities, namely parental tenure status and place of birth. We use longitudinal registry data to examine the bearing of these two factors on individual-level tenure progression since the beginning of the 1990s for persons at different stages of their housing careers. We extend existing understandings of Swedish homeownership patterns by demonstrating that inequalities relating to place of birth and parental tenure intersect with one another in ways that substantially advantage certain subgroups while disadvantaging others, and by demonstrating that experiences of entry into homeownership have in recent years been changing in markedly different ways for these different subgroups. Overall, Swedish homeownership inequalities, far from dissipating, appear to be hardening along existing lines.     

遗传算法在边坡稳定系数计算中的应用

边坡稳定性的关键问题是确定最危险滑动面(潜在最危险滑动面)和边坡的稳定系数。国内外一般是采用先假定边坡滑移模式,然后近似确定最危险滑动面,再求近似的边坡稳定系数的方法来分析边坡的稳定性,但假设的边坡滑移模式难以反映边坡滑移的实际状态。因此本文探索利用遗传算法搜索最危险滑动面,并得到最小稳定系数及对应的最危险滑动面曲线,取得了较好的效果。     

日本城市浅层地下空间利用的新成就

本文结合日本川崎市站前广场和神户市哈巴兰德地区的立体化再开发，分析介绍当前日本浅层地下空间开发利用的成就和特点。     

地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道地质预报研究

针对地质情况复杂地区垫邻高速公路设计、施工中的具体问题，从地质预报的方法、原理方面入手，对地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道施工中的地质超前预报工作进行了深入的研究，在分析归纳的基础上，提出合适的工作方法。