二型模糊融合的尺度约束多分辨率FCM分割

针对传统多分辨率模糊聚类图像分割算法的不足,提出了将二型模糊应用于多分辨率模糊聚类图像分割的新方法.将最粗尺度图像的聚类中心作为下一较细分辨率图像的初始聚类中心,并采用较粗分辨率图像聚类的类内最大距离对细分辨率图像的模糊聚类目标函数进行约束.对较小的粗分辨率图像进行了模糊隶属度扩展,得到一组隶属度值,再采用二型模糊算法有效融合该隶属度集合,完成聚类分割.实验结果表明,该算法能有效实现目标区域分离,获得理想分割效果.     

基于模糊连接度的近邻传播聚类图像分割方法

针对现有近邻传播聚类图像分割方法分割精度低的问题,提出一种基于模糊连接度的邻近传播聚类(FCAP)图像分割算法。针对传统模糊连接度算法不能得出任意点对间模糊连接度的不足,结合最大生成树提出了全模糊连接度算法。FCAP算法先使用Normalized Cut超像素技术进行超像素分割,这些超像素可以看作数据点以及它们之间的模糊连接度;然后使用所提出的全模糊连接度算法计算超像素间的模糊连接度,根据模糊连接度和空间信息计算超像素的相似度;最后使用近邻传播(AP)聚类算法完成分割。实验结果表明,FCAP算法明显优于超像素处理后直接使用AP聚类算法进行分割的方法,并且优于无监督图像分割方法。     

一种C-均值聚类图像分割的模糊熵后处理方法

提出了一种结合C-均值聚类算法和模糊熵的图像分割方法,该方法先采用C均值聚类算法对含噪图像进行初步分割,再利用模糊熵准则作后续处理。该方法一方面能够继承C-均值聚类算法的优点,可以灵活地用在基于多特征和多阂值的图像分割中,另一方面充分考虑了图像的区域信息,利用模糊熵最小作为准则,对c均值聚类算法初步分割结果的错分类点作了进一步的处理,克服了C-均值聚类算法对噪声敏感的缺点。实验结果表明,本文方法在运算开销上只比C-均值聚类算法多4～6S,对于低信噪比的图像能够取得优于C-均值聚类算法的分割效果。     

基于核聚类算法和模糊Markov随机场模型的脑部MR图像的分割

为了更有效地对被噪声污染的脑部MR图像进行分割,提出了一种基于模糊核聚类和模糊Markov随机场的脑部MR图像分割算法。该算法在使用高斯径向基函数的核聚类目标函数中,引入了基于Markov随机场的补偿项,作为分割算法的空间约束。这种空间补偿项用Gibbs分布描述,实际上是一种归一化的核函数,其和用来度量灰度特征的核函数的形式是相似的,并且这种空间约束利用了分割结果的模糊信息。这种基于核函数和Markov随机场模型的算法克服了传统聚类以及核聚类算法的缺陷,不仅提出了更加合理的空间约束, 而且改善了原有的分割模型,因此可以得到更加分段光滑的聚类结果。通过对合成图像、模拟MR图像以及临床MR图像进行的分割实验以及和标准分割结果的比较表明,该算法优于相关算法,可以有效地分割被污染的MR图像。     

一种基于小波变换的无监督纹理分割算法

提出了一种基于小波变换和均值偏移的无监督纹理图像分割算法。首先用小波变换对图像进行二级小波分解,然后用均值偏移算法估计出粗尺度上对应的聚类数目,并结合模糊c均值算法进行聚类,在此基础上,用定义的阈值函数和Fisher判据确定出细尺度上每个初始聚类中心的一个同组,从而实现图像的由粗到细的分割。实验结果表明,在分割精度相差不大的情况下,该方法解决了传统聚类方法所存在的需要聚类数目和对初始聚类中心敏感问题。     

邻域约束高斯混合模型的模糊聚类图像分割*

针对传统模糊聚类分割方法无法有效模拟数据分布特征的问题,提出基于邻域约束高斯混合模型的模糊聚类图像分割算法.利用高斯分布刻画聚类内像素光谱测度统计特征,定义像素与其邻域像素相关性的先验概率,并作为高斯混合模型中各高斯分量权重系数,构建包含特征场邻域作用的高斯混合模型.利用高斯分量描述像素与聚类间的非相似性测度,建立基于高斯混合模型的模糊聚类目标函数.在传统模糊聚类方法基础上,采用高斯混合模型定义像素与聚类间的非相似性测度,并在高斯混合模型中融入邻域作用,有效解决数据具有多峰值特征的问题.最后通过实验验证文中算法的准确性.     

区间模糊谱聚类图像分割方法

近年来谱聚类算法在模式识别和计算机视觉领域被广泛应用,而相似性矩阵的构造是谱聚类算法的关键步骤。针对传统谱聚类算法计算复杂度高难以应用到大规模图像分割处理的问题,提出了区间模糊谱聚类图像分割方法。该方法首先利用灰度直方图和区间模糊理论得到图像灰度间的区间模糊隶属度,然后利用该隶属度构造基于灰度的区间模糊相似性测度,最后利用该相似性测度构造相似性矩阵并通过规范切图谱划分准则对图像进行划分,得到最终的图像分割结果。由于区间模糊理论的引入,提高了传统谱聚类的分割性能,对比实验也表明该方法在分割效果和计算复杂度上都有较大的改善。     

基于小波变换和KFCM的彩色图像分割

提出一种将小波变换和核模糊C均值聚类算法相结合的快速彩色图像分割算法。利用小波变换的多分辨率特性,在分辨率最大尺度上的LL子带进行均值漂移聚类,快速获得初始粗分割结果,在其基础上进行模糊核聚类分割,将上一层的结果用于下一层的初始化,重复至最低分辨率后用最小分类器对原始图像进行最终分割。实验结果证明,该算法分割速度快,对自然彩色图像的分割结果优于模糊C均值算法和均值漂移算法。     

基于模糊和多分辨分析的骨肿瘤X光图像分割

根据骨肿瘤Ｘ光图像的局部区域特性,采用多分辨图像处理和模糊聚类方法对它进行分割,分割由以下几步来完成;（１）将图像分成相互交叠的子图像块;（２）采用基于模糊连接的多分辨图像处理算法对各子图像进行处理;（３）对各子图像的处理结果利用模糊聚类方法选择阈值,该方法应用于临床骨肿瘤Ｘ光图像,获得了良好的分割。     

基于分水岭的多目标核聚类图像分割

传统的聚类图像分割方法一般仅仅利用图像中的灰度信息。为了更好地利用图像中的区域和边缘信息,提出一种基于分水岭过分割的多目标模糊核聚类图像分割算法。该算法采用分水岭算法获得图像的过分割区域,采用多目标模糊核聚类算法对区域代表点和分水岭上的像素进行聚类。根据聚类结果将图像中的像素进行标记,得到最终的分割图像。实验结果表明,由于利用了图像区域信息,使得目标能够比较完整地从背景中分离出来。     

Multiscale Segmentation of Three-Dimensional MR Brain Images

Segmentation of MR brain images using intensity values is severely limited owing to field inhomogeneities, susceptibility artifacts and partial volume effects. Edge based segmentation methods suffer from spurious edges and gaps in boundaries. A multiscale method to MRI brain segmentation is presented which uses both edge and intensity information. First a multiscale representation of an image is created, which can be made edge dependent to favor intra-tissue diffusion over inter-tissue diffusion. Subsequently a multiscale linking model (the hyperstack) is used to group voxels into a number of objects based on intensity. It is shown that both an improvement in accuracy and a reduction in image post-processing can be achieved if edge dependent diffusion is used instead of linear diffusion. The combination of edge dependent diffusion and intensity based linking facilitates segmentation of grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid with minimal user interaction. To segment the total brain (white matter plus grey matter) morphological operations are applied to remove small bridges between the brain and cranium. If the total brain is segmented, grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid can be segmented by joining a small number of segments. Using a supervised segmentation technique and MRI simulations of a brain phantom for validation it is shown that the errors are in the order of or smaller than reported in literature.     

Fuzzy Markovian Segmentation in Application of Magnetic Resonance Images

In this paper, we present a fuzzy Markovian method for brain tissue segmentation from magnetic resonance images. Generally, there are three main brain tissues in a brain dataset: gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. However, due to the limited resolution of the acquisition system, many voxels may be composed of multiple tissue types (partial volume effects). The proposed method aims at calculating a fuzzy membership in each voxel to indicate the partial volume degree, which is statistically modeled. Since our method is unsupervised, it first estimates the parameters of the fuzzy Markovian random field model using a stochastic gradient algorithm. The fuzzy Markovian segmentation is then performed automatically. The accuracy of the proposed method is quantitatively assessed on a digital phantom using an absolute average error and qualitatively tested on real MRI brain data. A comparison with the widely used fuzzy C-means algorithm is carried out to show numerous advantages of our method.     

融合跨阶段深度学习的脑肿瘤MRI图像分割

目的 磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)作为一种非侵入性的软组织对比成像方式,可以提供有关脑肿瘤的形状、大小和位置等有价值的信息,是用于脑肿瘤患者检查的主要方法,在脑肿瘤分割任务中发挥着重要作用。由于脑肿瘤本身复杂多变的形态、模糊的边界、低对比度以及样本梯度复杂等问题,导致高精度脑肿瘤MRI图像分割非常具有挑战性,目前主要依靠专业医师手动分割,费时且可重复性差。对此,本文提出一种基于U-Net的改进模型,即CSPU-Net(cross stage partial U-Net)脑肿瘤分割网络,以实现高精度的脑肿瘤MRI图像分割。方法 CSPU-Net在U-Net结构的上下采样中分别加入两种跨阶段局部网络结构(cross stage partial module, CSP)提取图像特征,结合GDL(general Dice loss)和WCE(weighted cross entropy)两种损失函数解决训练样本类别不平衡问题。结果 在BraTS (brain tumor segmentation) 2018和BraTS 2019两个数据集上进行实...     

Novel segmentation algorithm in segmenting medical images

The aim of this paper is to develop an effective fuzzy c-means (FCM) technique for segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) which is seriously affected by intensity inhomogeneities that are created by radio-frequency coils. The weighted bias field information is employed in this work to deal the intensity inhomogeneities during the segmentation of MRI. In order to segment the general shaped MRI dataset which is corrupted by intensity inhomogeneities and other artifacts, the effective objective function of fuzzy c-means is constructed by replacing the Euclidean distance with kernel-induced distance. In this paper, the initial cluster centers are assigned using the proposed center initialization algorithm for executing the effective FCM iteratively. To assess the performance of proposed method in comparison with other existed methods, experiments are performed on synthetic image, real breast and brain MRIs. The clustering results are validated using Silhouette accuracy index. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method is a promising technique for effective segmentation of medical images.     

An adaptive spatial information-theoretic fuzzy clustering algorithm for image segmentation

This paper presents an adaptive spatial information-theoretic fuzzy clustering algorithm to improve the robustness of the conventional fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithms for image segmentation. This is achieved through the incorporation of information-theoretic framework into the FCM-type algorithms. By combining these two concepts and modifying the objective function of the FCM algorithm, we are able to solve the problems of sensitivity to noisy data and the lack of spatial information, and improve the image segmentation results. The experimental results have shown that this robust clustering algorithm is useful for MRI brain image segmentation and it yields better segmentation results when compared to the conventional FCM approach.     

A Modified Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm for Brain MR Image Segmentation and Bias Field Correction

In quantitative brain image analysis, accurate brain tissue segmentation from brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) is a critical step. It is considered to be the most important and difficult issue in the field of medical image processing. The quality of MR images is influenced by partial volume effect, noise, and intensity inhomogeneity, which render the segmentation task extremely challenging. We present a novel fuzzy c-means algorithm (RCLFCM) for segmentation and bias field correction of brain MR images. We employ a new gray-difference coefficient and design a new impact factor to measure the effect of neighbor pixels, so that the robustness of anti-noise can be enhanced. Moreover, we redefine the objective function of FCM (fuzzy c-means) by adding the bias field estimation model to overcome the intensity inhomogeneity in the image and segment the brain MR images simultaneously. We also construct a new spatial function by combining pixel gray value dissimilarity with its membership, and make full use of the space information between pixels to update the membership. Compared with other state-of-the-art approaches by using similarity accuracy on synthetic MR images with different levels of noise and intensity inhomogeneity, the proposed algorithm generates the results with high accuracy and robustness to noise.     

基于模糊聚类的脑磁共振图像分割算法综述

磁共振成像（Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI） 技术以其非介入、无损伤以及不受目标运动影响等特点,已成为临床诊断的重要辅助手段。精确的脑MR图像分割对生物医学研究和临床应用具有重要的指导意义。在实际应用中,脑MR图像中存在的噪声、灰度不均匀性、部分容积效应和低对比度等缺陷,都给脑MR图像的 精确分割带来了巨大困难和挑战。本文基于模糊聚类模型的脑MR图像分割问题,从聚类类别数的确定、模型初始化、克服噪声、估计偏移场、克服部分容积效应、数据不确定性描述以及模型扩展7个方面深入阐述了国内外发展现状、应对技巧及改进策略,并分析存在的不足 ,指出进一步的研究方向。     

Strong fuzzy c-means in medical image data analysis

This paper presents a robust fuzzy c-means (FCM) for an automatic effective segmentation of breast and brain magnetic resonance images (MRI). This paper obtains novel objective functions for proposed robust fuzzy c-means by replacing original Euclidean distance with properties of kernel function on feature space and using Tsallis entropy. By minimizing the proposed effective objective functions, this paper gets membership partition matrices and equations for successive prototypes. In order to reduce the computational complexity and running time, center initialization algorithm is introduced for initializing the initial cluster center. The initial experimental works have done on synthetic image and benchmark dataset to investigate the effectiveness of proposed, and then the proposed method has been implemented to differentiate the different region of real breast and brain magnetic resonance images. In order to identify the validity of proposed fuzzy c-means methods, segmentation accuracy is computed by using silhouette method. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more capable in segmentation of medical images than existed methods.     

一种分割脑部磁共振图像的FCM改进算法

脑部MRI的快速准确分割是脑部疾病临床诊断过程的关键步骤之一。针对FCM算法部分参数设置影响分割结果和鲁棒性差的缺陷,提出一种基于非局部空间信息的快速模糊C均值核聚类改进算法,并应用于脑部MRI分割中。依次通过直方图、K-means算法、核函数、基于积分图的非局部空间信息解决了部分初始参数值难以控制、抗噪性差和运算效率低等问题。实验表明,该算法错分率低至2.0%,运行时间平均减少至13.89 s。     

模糊B样条基神经网络磁共振图像分割方法

针对磁共振图像分割的特点,提出了一种基于模糊B样条基神经网络的磁共振图像分割方法。该方法采用B样条基函数作为模糊隶属函数,利用神经网络实现模糊推理,并采用反向误差传播算法对网络进行训练。实验结果表明,这种基于模糊B样条基神经网络的磁共振图像分割方法与普通神经网络分割方法相比,具有更高的分割精度和更快的训练收敛速度。