工业污染场地环境调查工作存在的问题及对策

针对工业污染场地的分类和工业污染场地环境调查工作内容进行分析,结合工业污染场地环境调查工作存在的问题,包括评价标准有待完善、调查周期较长、样品分析成本较高、调查工作重视程度较低等,通过研究完善评价标准、构建动态调查模式、做好场地水文地质调查、加强相关人员的技能培训等对策,目的在于提高人们对工业污染场地环境调查工作的重视程度,提高调研数据的应用价值。     

深圳市工业搬迁企业遗留场地环境风险评估技术研究

基于深圳市工业搬迁企业遗留场地存在的环境问题及环境风险现状调查,提出遗留污染场地调查工作方法和程序、环境风险管理办法及技术规范的实施途径等。     

某汽修厂及停车场搬迁原场地土壤和地下水环境调查研究

基于对某汽修厂和停车场搬迁遗留场地是否可以变更为商业服务业及商务办公综合用地的关注,通过该地块的生产历史及第一阶段场地调查,确定在场内外共布设12个土壤采样点,7个地下水采样点。检测结果显示土壤中检出的有机物和重金属均低于标准值;地下水中检出的污染因子中,铅、镍和总石油烃超出标准限值,需进一步启动详细调查和健康风险评估工作;对汽修厂和停车场的场地中,特征污染物除了总石油烃外,还有重金属铅、镍等。     

环保部发布《工业企业场地环境调查评估与修复工作指南（试行）》

日前,环保部发布《工业企业场地环境调查评估与修复工作指南（试行）》（环保部公告2014年第78号,以下简称《指南》）。《指南》通过构建工业企业场地（以下简称“场地”）环境调查评估和修复全过程工作框架,详细阐述场地环境调查评估及污染场地修复的工作流程、基本要求和技术方法,为从业单位进行场地环境调查、风险评估、冶理修复、修复环境监理、修复验收、后期管理等工作提供技术指导,为管理部门憔管工作提供技术支撑．减少污染场地环埔风险。     

华东地区某化工企业地块初步环境调查

对华东地区某化工企业搬迁遗留场地进行初步环境调查,该场地企业主要经营有机化学原料制造,通过资料收集、现场踏勘与访谈,识别了场地疑似污染区和污染因子,针对性地制定了调查方案,采集土壤和地下水样品,检测重金属、氰化物、挥发性有机物、半挥发性有机物和石油烃,经分析确定该场地有部分土壤及地下水点位石油烃、挥发性有机物超标,需要开展后续地块污染状况详细调查与健康风险评估工作。     

生活垃圾填埋场的场地调查方案要点探讨与研究

由于原有污染场地(如垃圾填埋场)的土壤环境、地表水环境和地下水环境等均受到了污染,场地再利用过程存在着环境风险。然而,我国目前尚无针对已建生活垃圾填埋场进行调查和风险评价的规范。本文针对生活垃圾填埋场的特点,按照场地调查的方法,提出可行的前期调查方案、评估内容和标准,为生活垃圾填埋场的场地修复提供技术依据。     

化工标准化动态

4月起实施的环保标准 1）Hj25．1—2014《场地环境调查技术导则》。规定了场地土壤和地下水环境调查的原则、内容、程序和技术要求。适用于场地环境调查．为污染场地环境管理提供基础数据和信息。不适用于含有放射性污染的场地调查。     

关停碱法制浆造纸企业场地环境调查

某碱法制浆造纸企业已停产搬迁,场地拟变更为商住用地。为确保人体健康,了解场地是否受到污染、污染程度以及是否需要开展场地修复工作,需要对原场地进行环境调查。场地环境调查分为污染识别、现场采样和风险评估三个阶段。通过第一阶段的资料收集、现场踏勘及人员访谈,确定场地存在潜在污染,须开展第二阶段工作。在场地中布设土壤采样点35个、地下水采样点4个,对关注的特征污染物重金属类(镉、汞、铅、铬)、三氯甲烷、有机碳、氯代酚、VOC、多氯联苯等进行监测。将检测值与风险筛选值比较后,确定场地不存在环境风险,无需启动场地环境调查的风险评估工作。     

污染场地修复工程环境监理研究

现阶段,我国土地污染情况较为严重,急需对污染场地进行修复,环境监理能够有效对于环污修复工作进行全面管理及监督,保证工程质量。     

清江水布垭水利枢纽库区青龙公司场地稳定性分析与评价

通过查明场地所处的滑坡部位及滑坡的边界条件、滑体物质组成、场地滑带土性状、滑床岩性与形态,调查场地变形现状,分析变形原因,综合分析与评价场地的稳定性,为青龙公司场地的防灾避灾决策提供地质依据.     

A new accelerated mortar bar test to assess the potential deleterious effect of sulfide-bearing aggregate in concrete

Deterioration of concrete structures incorporating sulfide bearing aggregates has been reported in Trois-Rivières area, Québec, Canada. In this case, iron sulfide oxidation and internal sulfate attack were observed.The present study aims at developing a performance test that will reproduce, in the laboratory, the deterioration mechanisms observed on site. A two-phase accelerated mortar bar test was developed that consists 90 days of storage at 80 °C/80% RH, with two 3-h wetting cycles in a 6% bleach solution (Phase I) followed by up to 90 days of storage at 4 °C/100% RH (Phase II). Aggregates with oxidation potential presented an expansion over 0.15% during Phase I, while thaumasite formation potential is detected by rapid regain of expansion followed by destruction of the samples during Phase II. The control aggregates without sulfide mineral did not show any signs of deterioration in both phases of the testing program.     

Selective Transport of Histamine from a Mixture of Histidine and Histamine by the Use of Organic Liquid Membrane Systems

Abstract

The transport behaviors of histidine (His) and its related compounds through organic liquid membranes were examined. The organic liquid membranes system was composed of two aqueous phases (Phases I and II) which were put on both sides of an organic layer containing a carrier. Chloroform and sodium di-2-ethylhcxyl sulfosuccinate (AOT) were used as the organic layer and the carrier, respectively. No transport reaction occurred without the carrier. The amounts of removal into the organic layer increased with an increase in the concentration of AOT up to 5 mM and maintained at higher concentrations. His and carnocine, which possess the carboxyl group, could be removed into the organic layer from Phase I at pH 4–5 but could not be removed at pH values higher than 5. On the other hand, histamine (Hm) and histidinol, which lack the carboxyl group, could be removed into the organic layer from Phase I at pH 7. Also, the compounds in the organic layer could be removed into Phase II at pH 10. On the basis of these results, the separation of Hm from the Hm-His mixture occurred with pH 7 in Phase I and pH 10 in Phase II through the organic layer containing 5 mM of AOT. Hm was effectively transported from Phase I to Phase II through an organic layer using some molar ratios (1, 50, and 100) of mixtures (molar ratio = concentration of His/concentration of Hm).     

A study of eleostearic acid-containing resins

A variety of polyesters, polyurethanes, and sulfonyl-polyurethanes containing eleostearic acid (ESA) have been prepared and evaluated. The film parameters under investigation usually included water absorption, tensile strength, elongation, density, permeability, and percentage of oxygen uptake. The incorporation of ESA into polyester resin compositions results in such film properties as decreased water absorption, oxygen uptake, elongation, and permeability with a concemitant increase in tensile strength and density. Oxidativepolymerization of the polyesters containing ESA affords advantages in that their films show good tensile strength. Elongation is quite superior to that of the non-oxidatively polymerized ESA polyesters. As a result of the advantages gained by the incorporation of ESA into polyester resins, its use (or tung oil) is recommended in these and similar resin systems.     

Polymorphism and cross-nucleation in poly(1,3-dioxolan)

The isothermal crystallization from the melt of a poly(1,3-dioxolan) having a number-average molecular weight of 5100 was investigated by optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetric and X-ray diffraction. A single spherulitic morphology (Phase I) of negative sign is observed at crystallization temperatures below 19 °C while multiple morphologies are observed at crystallization temperatures above 19 °C (Phases IIa, IIb and III). Phase IIa crystallizes first and is characterized by a low birefringence until its sporadic transformation into Phase IIb, characterized by a sudden increase in birefringence. Phase IIb acts as a nucleating agent for Phase III (cross-nucleation process). Phases I and III exhibit distinct growth rates that are two orders of magnitude lower than the transformation rate of Phase IIa into Phase IIb. Relationships between the crystalline structures of the different morphologies and their melting temperatures are also discussed. The transformation IIa/IIb is easily detected optically by a huge increase in birefringence but there is a more subtle Ia/Ib transformation which is hardly seen optically, although it gives rise to a large increase in melting temperature of that phase.     

Structure of polymer-acid complexes in solution and crystal-solvate phases of rigid-rod heterocyclic polymer - poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxasole)

Investigations of the structures of the complexes formed by di-protonated oligomer molecules of poly (p-phenylene benzobisoxasole) (PBO) with charged and neutral molecules of orthophosphoric acid (OPA) by quantum-chemical and molecular mechanics methods are described. The complexes with partially compensated, fully compensated, and overcompensated PBO molecular charges as models of the polymer-acid complexes in solution and in crystal-solvate phases (Phase I and Phase II) are considered. It is shown that the structures with one anion associated with two heterocycles are most energetically favorable for the complexes with a partially compensated polycation charge. The polymer molecule bending resulting from this association can contribute to an enhanced PBO chain flexibility in solution. The PBO chains in Phase I are protonated due to the presence of neutral acid molecules. The protonated state of the PBO molecules in Phase II can be explained by the presence of excess anions.     

含磺酸基聚环氧琥珀酸衍生物的合成及性能研究

以环氧琥珀酸（ESA）、衣康酸（IA）和苯乙烯磺酸钠（SS）为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,通过共聚反应得到含有羧基和磺酸基的三元共聚物ESA/IA/SS,利用IR对其结构进行了表征。考察了单体质量比、引发剂含量、聚合温度和聚合时间对共聚物阻碳酸钙性能的影响。实验结果显示：ESA/IA/SS的最佳合成条件为m(MA):m(IA)=3:1,w(SS)=20%(占单体总质量,下同),w(引发剂)=12%,聚合温度85 oC,聚合时间4 h,此时得到的产品黏均分子量为1176.3。对ESA/IA/SS的阻垢分散性能进行了测定,并与ESA/SS和聚环氧琥珀酸（PESA）进行了比较。实验结果表明：ESA/IA/SS与PESA的阻碳酸钙性能相当,当加药量为50 mg/L时,PESA的阻垢率为72.3%,ESA/IA/SS的阻垢率为71.5%,比ESA/SS高27.3%。ESA/IA/SS的阻磷酸钙性能远高于PESA,当加药量为40 mg/L时,PESA的阻垢率仅为7.0%,ESA/IA/SS的阻垢率为96.8%。同时,ESA/IA/SS还具有一定的分散氧化铁性能,加药后FeCl3溶液的透光率为72.6%。     

Endpoints in vaccine trials

In this paper we discuss statistical considerations regarding endpoints in preventive vaccine trials. Brief discussion is given to preclinical, Phase I, and Phase II trials, with the bulk of attention paid to endpoint choice and analysis in Phase III efficacy trials. In addition to traditional efficacy measures of vaccine effects for immunized individuals, consideration is given to waning, strain specific efficacy, correlates of protective immunity, postinfection endpoints, and cluster randomized trials.     

环氧琥珀酸/丙烯酸/磺酸共聚物性能研究

采用静态阻垢法、静态挂片法、动态热水实验法,对实验室合成的环氧琥珀酸/丙烯酸/磺酸共聚物的缓蚀、阻垢及耐高温性能进行了研究。结果表明,该共聚物的阻垢性能优于乙二胺四甲叉膦酸五钠、水解马来酸酐;在加药量为20 mg/L时,其缓蚀性能优于丙烯酸共聚物、聚马来酸酐、聚环氧琥珀酸,并具有一定的耐高温性能。     

600 kt/a DAP国产化技术及工程总承包介绍

云南富瑞化工有限公司国家级磷复肥基地国产化示范项目一期“836”工程的所有主体装置于2005年2～3月相继建成投产、从建设概况、工艺选择、主要设备配置,以及装置的总承包建设管理等方面,介绍了一期工程中的600kt／aDAP大型生产装置的国产化技术和总承包管理经验,供国内建设大型DAP装置借鉴。     

宝钢型煤系统的分析与思考

在宝钢三期型煤工艺的设计中,根据一期型煤工艺的设计原理及生产实践,取消成品冷却系统,采用了卧式混捏机,将混合与混捏合二为一,使三期的型煤工艺流程大为简化,取得了可观的经济效益。文中对影响型煤发展、降低优质炼焦煤的配入等问题进行了分析与思考。