玻璃纤维增强PA66复合材料作为高压开关设备绝缘件材料的可行性分析

选取不同短切玻璃纤维（SGF）含量的聚酰胺66（PA66）/SGF复合材料,研究对比PA66/SGF复合材料与热固性环氧树脂基绝缘材料的物理性能、力学性能和绝缘性能。结果表明,随着SGF含量的增加,PA66/SGF复合材料的密度增大,但均低于热固性环氧树脂基绝缘材料标准;弯曲强度、拉伸强度和冲击强度增大,当SGF含量达到20 %以上时,复合材料的综合力学性能达到热固性环氧树脂基绝缘材料标准;击穿强度和耐电弧时间增加,优于热固性环氧树脂基绝缘材料标准。因此,PA66/SGF复合材料作为高压开关设备绝缘件材料是可行的,但实际应用还需进一步的工程应用研究。     

耐水解玻璃纤维增强尼龙66的制备及性能研究

制备了长玻璃纤维（LGF）和短玻璃纤维（SGF）增强尼龙66（PA66）,考察了GF、GF分散剂、耐水解改性剂（MPP）对增强PA66性能的影响。结果表明,选择SGF可获得较好力学性能和表面质量的增强PA66;随着SGF含量的增加,材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度有大幅度的提高,冲击强度则先升高后降低;GF分散剂的加入改善了材料的表面质量;MPP的加入使材料的耐水解性有明显提高。     

玻璃纤维改性尼龙6性能的研究

采用硅烷偶联剂KH550处理玻璃纤维,通过熔融共混法制备了尼龙6(PA6)/玻璃纤维(GF)复合材料,对复合材料表面处理前后的力学性能、熔体流动速率(MFR)和断面形貌进行了表征。结果表明:随着GF含量的增加,PA6/GF复合材料拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度均先增大后减小;添加同样含量的GF时,采用偶联剂处理后PA6/GF的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度增大,MFR减小,扫描电镜观察结果表明,偶联剂KH550有效地改善了GF与PA6间的界面结合。     

硼酸锌对氮磷协效阻燃玻纤增强尼龙66性能的影响

为提高三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)和二乙基次膦酸盐(OP)协效阻燃玻纤(GF)增强尼龙66(PA66)的综合性能,引入少量的无机阻燃剂硼酸锌(ZB)作为协效剂,系统研究了不同添加量的ZB对阻燃材料的阻燃性能、热稳定性、力学性能和白度的影响。结果表明,当MPP和OP的总添加量为15%,复配0.5%的ZB时,阻燃GF增强PA66的垂直燃烧阻燃等级达到UL94 V–0级,且热释放总量由MPP/OP体系的15.4 k J/g降为13.7 k J/g;ZB的引入促进了连续、致密炭层的形成,增强了凝聚相阻燃;ZB增强了阻燃材料的热稳定性,ZB复配量为1.0%的阻燃材料的初始降解温度提高到了301℃,有效避免了加工过程中的降解;当ZB添加量为1.0%时,阻燃材料的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度分别为100.9 MPa和4.22 k J/m~2,均优于未添加阻燃剂的纯GF增强PA66;同时,样品的白度得到了明显提升,有利于阻燃GF增强PA66的工业化应用。     

机械力引发马来酸酐官能化PE-HD研究

采用机械力引发方法研究了马来酸酐(MAH)熔融接枝高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)的官能化反应,并考察了接枝产物对PE-HD/PA66及PE-HD/GF材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:通过控制引发剂含量和提高双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速可抑制PE-HD在接枝过程中的交联副反应,制得具有较高接枝率(Gd=0.75~1.34%),较好熔体流动性(0.3~0.6g/10min)和较低凝胶含量(≤0.9%)的接枝产物;该方法所得产物可使PE-HD/PA66共混材料的缺口冲击强度提高至6.5倍以上,使PE-HD/GF复合材料的拉伸、弯曲和缺口冲击强度显著增大。     

回收PET/PA66复合材料的研究

采用OZ作为反应相容剂,通过反应挤出制备了回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)/聚酰胺66(PA66)复合材料。研究了相容剂用量对复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、流变性能和形态结构等的影响。结果表明,PA66质量分数为60%、相容剂OZ质量分数为5%时,可以得到综合性能与PA66相当的复合材料,降低了PA66的成本,同时使PET得到了回收。     

尼龙66/纳米SiO2复合材料的形态和力学性能

通过熔融共混法制备了尼龙66／纳米SiO2复合材料，并对复合材料的力学性能、动态力学性能以及拉伸断面形态进行了研究。结果表明，随着纳米SiO2含量的增加，复合材料的拉伸强度在纳米SiO2质量分数为3％时达到最大．较纯尼龙66提高7．6％；复合材料的简支梁缺口冲击强度随纳米SiO2含量的增加而增加，在纳米SiO2质量分数为4％时，比纯尼龙的简支梁缺口冲击强度提高51．3％。复合材料储能模量和损耗模量也较纯尼龙66有所增加；复合材料的断面出现明显的塑性变形。     

碳纳米管-聚酰胺纤维改性邻甲酚醛环氧树脂

多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs) 经酸化处理后与聚酰胺66（PA66)共纺制备MWCNTs-PA66纳米纤维膜后与邻甲酚醛环氧树脂（o-CFER）进行复合固化,制备了o-CFER/MWCNTs-PA66复合材料,并对其微观结构、力学性能和热性能进行了研究。结果表明,酸化MWCNTs表面引入了含氧基团,使PA66纤维膜的直径增大;o-CFER/MWCNTs-PA66复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度随MWCNTs含量的增加先增大后降低;当MWCNTs含量为0.5 %（质量分数,以PA66质量为基准）时,冲击强度和拉伸强度均达到最大值分别为0.29 kJ/m2和1.96 MPa,冲击强度较o-CFER树脂提高了23.2 %,较o-CFER/PA66复合材料提高了16.3 %,拉伸强度较纯o-CFER树脂提高了74 %;MWCNTs-PA66复合纤维膜能够提高o-CFER的耐热性。     

成核剂和乙烯马来酸酐共聚物混杂改性玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺复合材料

利用静电吸附方法制备了成核剂(P22)和乙烯马来酸酐共聚物(EMA)混杂改性的玻璃纤维(GF)增强体,并通过挤出成型制备了聚酰胺66(PA66)/改性GF增强体复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料断面和刻蚀后断面。结果表明,P22吸附在GF表面可以诱导PA66在GF表面结晶,而EMA分子中的酸酐基团则可以与PA66分子链末端的氨基发生反应,使PA66附着在GF表面,改善了GF与基体的界面结合;良好的界面结合使PA66/GF-P22 、PA66/GF-EMA、PA66/GF-EMA-P22复合材料的层间剪切强度和动态储能模量(室温25 ℃)分别提高了18.3 %、25.4 %、32.4 %和15.4 %、24.1 %、35.9 %。     

增强增韧尼龙12材料的制备及力学性能研究

利用双螺杆挤出机制备了尼龙12(PA12)增强增韧复合材料,研究了喂料方式、玻纤(GF)用量、增韧剂种类(ST-4100,4700)及用量等因素对其力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:采用侧喂料工艺较长GF连续喂料工艺制备的复合材料力学性能更优异;随着GF用量增加,复合材料的拉伸强度提高;增韧剂4700较4100的增韧效果好;当PA12/GF/4700=60/32/8时,PA12复合材料拉伸强度为120MPa,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度为20kJ/m2,综合力学性能最佳。     

Study on in situ reinforcing and toughening of a semiflexible thermotropic copolyesteramide in PBT/PA66 blends

Ternary in situ composites based on poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), polyamide 66 (PA66), and semixflexible liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) were systematically investigated. The LCP used was an ABA30/PET liquid crystalline copolyesteramide based on 30 mol % of p‐aminobenzoic acid (ABA) and 70 mol % of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The specimens for thermal and rheological measurements were prepared by batch mixing, while samples for mechanical tests were prepared by injection molding. The results showed that the melting temperatures of the PBT and PA66 phases tend to decrease with increasing LCP addition. They also shifted toward each other due to the compatibilization of the LCP. The torque measurements showed that the ternary blends exhibited an apparent maximum near 2.5–5 wt % LCP. Thereafter, the viscosity of the blends decreased dramatically at higher LCP concentrations. Furthermore, the torque curves versus the PA66 composition showed that the binary PBT/PA66 blends can be classified as negative deviation blends (NDBs). The PBT/PA66/LCP blends containing up to 15 wt % LCP were termed as positive deviation blends (PDBs), while the blends with the LCP ≥25 wt % exhibited an NDB behavior. Finally, the tensile tests showed that the stiffness and tensile strength of ternary in situ composites were generally improved with increasing LCP content. The impact strength of ternary composites initially increased by the LCP addition, then deteriorated when the LCP content was higher than 10 wt %. The correlation between the mechanical properties and morphology of the blends is discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1975–1988, 2000     

核-壳结构硅橡胶增韧增强无卤阻燃聚酰胺66/玻璃纤维复合材料的改性研究

以聚酰胺66为基础树脂,核-壳结构硅橡胶为增韧剂,圆形玻璃纤维和扁平玻璃纤维为增强材料,无卤阻燃剂为阻燃材料,制备了无卤阻燃复合材料。通过万能拉伸试验机、摆锤冲击试验和UL 94测试仪分别研究了复合材料的力学性能和阻燃性能等。结果表明,随着硅橡胶含量的增加,复合材料的缺口冲击强度增加;在相同硅橡胶含量下,含扁平玻璃纤维的复合材料的韧性比含圆形玻璃纤维的韧性好;当硅的含量为6 %时,复合材料的综合性能最好,缺口冲击强度和未增韧的复合材料相比,分别提高了10 %（圆形玻璃纤维）和11 %（扁平玻璃纤维）,拉伸强度保持在85 %以上,同时阻燃性能能够保持在UL 94 V-0等级。     

三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐/硼酚醛协效体系阻燃PA66/GF复合材料的研究

采用氮磷型阻燃剂三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)与硼改性酚醛树脂(BPF)组成的复合阻燃体系对玻纤(GF)增强尼龙66( PA66)复合材料进行阻燃,获得了阻燃性能优异、力学性能良好的增强复合材料,研究了协效阻燃剂BPF/MPP配比、BPF/MPP用量及GF用量对阻燃复合材料阻燃性能的影响,采用微型燃烧量热和质量保持率分析方法研究了阻燃复合材料的燃烧及成炭行为,对复合阻燃剂的协效机理进行了讨论.结果表明,当BPF在BPF/MPP中的质量分数为15％时,添加25％ BPF/MPP复合阻燃剂可使20％ GF增强PA66复合材料达到V-0( 1.6 mm)阻燃级别,极限氧指数增加至25.3％,拉伸强度、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度分别为116 MPa,132 MPa,7.1 kJ/m2.该复合材料可满足高性能无卤阻燃的使用要求.     

Graphite fluoride and fluorographene as a new class of solid lubricant additives for high‐performance polyamide 66 composites with excellent mechanical and tribological properties

Fluorographene (FG) with layer numbers of 3–4 was successfully prepared through facile microwave‐assisted liquid phase exfoliation of raw graphite fluoride (GrF). The raw GrF and the as‐prepared FG were then directly incorporated into polyamide 66 (PA66) by melt processing without using any surfactants. Microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of the prepared PA66 composites were investigated. Various characterization results showed that both GrF and FG, as novel solid lubricants, can effectively improve the mechanical and anti‐wear performances of the PA66 matrix. It was also found that FG is better at improving mechanical properties and reducing the friction of PA66 than GrF at low concentrations owing to the large surface–volume ratio. The addition of 0.5 wt% FG into PA66 exhibits a ca 13% increase in tensile modulus, ca 5% increase in tensile strength, ca 18% reduction in coefficient of friction (COF) and ca 43% reduction in wear rate. However, at relatively high concentrations, such as 1.0 wt%, GrF shows a better reinforcement effect than FG owing to a uniform dispersion of GrF in the PA66 matrix. The addition of 1.0 wt% GrF into PA66 exhibits a ca 18% increase in tensile modulus, ca 5% increase in tensile strength, ca 37% reduction in COF and ca 46% reduction in wear rate. Wear tests also show that the excellent wear resistance of the PA66 composites is due to the improved mechanical properties and the lubrication of GrF and FG between the worn surfaces. Our current work demonstrates the tremendous potentials of fluorinated carbon materials for enhancing mechanical and anti‐wear properties of polymeric materials. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

偶联剂对短玻纤增强PA66微观结构及性能影响研究

利用双螺杆挤出机制备短玻纤增强尼龙66(GF／PA66)复合材料，研究多种偶联剂对GF／PA66的微观结构及性能的影响。结果表明，偶联剂的加入，不仅使GF在PA66基体中基本呈均匀分布，而且使材料的结构及性能有较大的改善；复合偶联剂All00 A B的改性效果优于单独使用A1100；复合偶联剂中All00的最佳含量为1．5％；随着GF含量的增加，材料的综合性能提高，但当GF含量大于35％时，材料的综合性能开始有所降低；All00 A B改性的GF／PA66的失效机理为界面的脱粘、脱粘后的摩擦和纤维的拔出。     

Synthesis of glass fiber‐multiwall carbon nanotube hybrid structures for high‐performance conductive composites

The conductive polyamide 66 (PA66)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites reinforced with glass fiber‐multiwall CNT (GF‐MWCNT) hybrids were prepared by melt mixing. Electrostactic adsorption was utilized for the deposition of MWCNTs on the surfaces of glass fibers (GFs) to construct hybrid reinforcement with high‐electrical conductivity. The fabricated PA66/CNT composites reinforced with GF‐MWCNT hybrids showed enhanced electrical conductivity and mechanical properties as compared to those of PA66/CNT or PA66/GF/CNT composites. A significant reduction in percolation threshold was found for PA66/GF‐MWCNT/CNT composite (only 0.70 vol%). The morphological investigation demonstrated that MWCNT coating on the surfaces of the GFs improved load transfer between the GFs and the matrix. The presence of MWCNTs in the matrix‐rich interfacial regions enhanced the tensile modulus of the composite by about 10% than that of PA66/GF/CNT composite at the same CNT loading, which shows a promising route to build up high‐performance conductive composites. POLYM. COMPOS. 34:1313–1320, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mechanical and tribological properties of PA66/PPS blend. III. Reinforced with GF

Based on previous work, 70 vol % PA66/30 vol % PPS blend was selected as a matrix, and the PA66/PPS blend reinforced with different content of glass fiber (GF) was prepared in this study. The mechanical properties of PA66/PPS/GF composites were studied, and the tribological behaviors were tested on block‐on‐ring sliding wear tester. The results showed that 20–30 vol % GF greatly increases the mechanical properties of PA66/PPS blend. When GF content is 20 vol %, the friction coefficient of composite is the lowest (0.35), which is decreased by 47% in comparison with the unfilled blend. The wear volume of the GF‐reinforced PA66/PPS blend composite decreases with the increase of GF content. However, the wear‐resistance is not apparently improved by the addition of GF in the experimental range for comparison with unfilled PA66/PPS blend. The worn surface and the transfer film on the counterface were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The observations revealed that the friction coefficient of composite depends on the formation and development of a transfer film. The wear mechanism involves polymer matrix wear and fiber wear. The former consists of melting wear and plastic deformation of the matrix, while the latter includes fiber sliding wear, cracking, rupturing, and pulverizing. The contributions of the matrix wear and the fiber wear determine the ultimate wear volume of PA66/PPS/GF composite. In addition, the abrasive action caused by the ruptured glass fiber is also a very important factor. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 523–529, 2006     

GF及偶联剂改性PVC/稻壳木塑复合材料

采用模压成型的方式、通过实验探索玻璃纤维(GF)含量及偶联剂处理对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/稻壳木塑复合材料的力学特性和耐磨性的影响。实验结果表明:PVC/稻壳木塑复合材料的硬度随GF含量增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势。GF含量在15%以下时,随着GF用量的增大,木塑复合材料的拉伸强度与冲击强度总体上随之变大,超过15%则随GF含量增大而减小。而弯曲强度出现先减后增的趋势,弯曲弹性模量则与之相反。木塑复合材料的耐磨损性在GF含量为15%时最佳,摩擦系数在10%时最大。合适的偶联剂处理能增强木塑复合材料的力学性能和耐磨性。其中γ–氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)的增强效果比较好,钛酸酯不能提高PVC/稻壳木塑材料的力学性能和耐磨性。     

PA6/POE-g-MAH/PE–UHMW材料的制备及性能

以耐热改性组分尼龙6(PA6)为基体材料,超高分子量聚乙烯(PE-UHMW)为综合性能平衡组分,增韧剂马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)为相容剂,制得PA6/PE-UHMW/POE-g-MAH三元复合材料。研究结果表明,POE-g-MAH的加入可改善PA6的韧性,但降低了PA6的拉伸强度,随着POE-g-MAH加入量增加,PA6断裂伸长率逐渐增加,当添加量为30%时,断裂伸长率达到最大值397%,拉伸强度为39 MPa。PE-UHMW组分不仅提高了复合材料的拉伸强度和韧性,同时改善了其耐水解性能。当PA6∶POE-g-MAH∶PE-UHMW=70∶30∶10时,断裂伸长率提高至477%,拉伸强度为42 MPa。通过扫描电子显微镜分析观察复合材料的微观形态,发现在PA6基体中POE-g-MAH和PE-UHMW形成"核–壳"结构,对PA6韧性的提高起到了协同作用。     

玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

研究了玻纤(GF)、SEBS和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)用量对GF增强聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响,以及PP/GF(65/35)、PP-g-MAH/PP/GF(15/65/35)的微观形态。结果表明:随着GF用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量增加,断裂伸长率降低,冲击强度先减小后增大,PP/GF复合材料断面呈脆性断裂;在PP/GF中添加增韧剂SEBS可以提高复合材料的冲击强度,但拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均减小;在PP/GF中添加增容剂PP-g-MAH,可使其拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度均得到提高,当PP-g-MAH/PP/GF为15/65/35时,复合材料性能优异,材料断面呈韧性断裂。