THE APPLICATION OF REVERSE FLOCCULATION METHOD IN HIGH SULFUR COAL DESULFURIZATION

The reverse flocculation method for removing pyritic sulfur from high sulfur coals has been conceptually developed and investigated. The tentative tests on China high sulfur coals have shown that this advanced physical separation technique can be very efficient in coal desulfurization, provided the process parameters are properly optimized. Under the circumstances of acquiring high coal recovery, the total sulfur rejection with four kinds of coal samples normally falls in the range 5?% to 71% by one-step reverse flocculation, and within the range 40% to 59% by one-step normal flocculation process.     

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE HYDROPHOBIC AGGLOMERATION CHARACTERISTICS OF EASY DEGRADATION COAL FINES IN WATER

The separation of ultrafine coal from three Chinese coal samples of easy degradation coal fines in water has been investigated by the application of a hydrophobic agglomeration process. In addition to yielding clean coal with high recovery, this process requires significantly less oil concentration for agglomeration (less than 0.4% in oil-water weight ratio) and produces stabler agglomerates than general oil agglomeration process, the cost of the oil would no longer be an important consideration for its commercial application. Neutral diesel oil was used to make oleophilic coal particles agglomerated with good rejection of clay minerals under little oil consumption and certain agitation speed at 2000 r/min. An important advantage of this process compared with other cleaning fine coal methods is that it can extremely reduce or eliminate the effects of coal degradation and some clay minerals on coal preparation.     

Washability analysis of high sulfur coal gangue from a coal mine in Guizhou

Fulfill the screen test and float-and-sink analysis for high sulfur coal gangue from a Guizhou coal mine, analyzed the washability of its tail coal. Seen from the results： most of sulfur in sample is pyrite, the sulfur content of different particle classification shall be reduced with the decreasing of size and specific gravity, most of sulfur distributed in the coal particles with large-size and high specific gravity. Part of sulfur may be eliminated through special gravity separation, however, most of inorganic sulfur should be removed with the combination of floatation process.     

DEVELOPMENT OF SMOVEN PROCESS FOR HOT GAS DESULFURIZATION

The Beijing Research Institute of Coal Chemistry (BRICC) is developing the SMOVEN process for hot gas desulfurization. The SMOVEN process features sulfidation in an entrained bed, regeneration in a low velocity fluid bed or a moving bed with oxygen and sorbent circulation controlled by gas stream. A series of tests on the bench scale unit and the continuous process development unit were carried out. The regenerable metal oxide sorbents were adopted for the sulfurrelated components removing from coal gas at the temperature of 550～650℃. A fluidized bed gasifier of 100mm (id) generated coal gas for tests. The principle of SMOVEN process has been positively verified.     

Roof separation characteristics of laminated weak roof strata of longwall roadway

The roof separation was investigated in a coal mine as part of the site characterization of roof strata deterioration in a Iongwall roadway. The separation of laminated,weak roof strata was initially characterized as the maximum separation, effect of geological setting on separation and the effect of mining activities (heading development,time-dependent and Iongwall extraction) on separation. Then the separation process was studied, so as to answer the questions of: when the separation occurs； where the separation is located and what geological setting it relates to： how large of the separation is； and how the separation propagates.     

STUDY ON THE SEPARATION AND UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGY OF MAGNETIC BEAD IN FLY ASH

On the basis of study on physical and chemical properties of magnetic bead (MB) in fly ash (FA), the paper gives out the separation methods of MB and results of three separating process. The result of comparative test in size, density, stability, magnetic material content, specific magnetic susceptibility (SMS), medium recovery oxidation resistance and wear resistance between MB and magnetic fines currently used in dense medium separation leads to that using MB recovered from fly ash is used as medium solid:Is in coal cleaning in stead of magnetic fines not only have no influence upon taryests of separation, but can bring good economic and social benefits.     

KINETICS OF HYDROLYSIS OF THE METAL CHLORIDES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

Since the use of hydrochloric acid in leach and chloride regeneration has acceleratedrapidly in recent years,the selective separation of nonferrous metal chlorides fromiron chloride by applying the process of metal chloride hydrolysis at high temperaturesand the recovery of HC1 and iron as Fe_2O_3 simultaneously have become an interestingand important problem to be investigated.     

Application of the organic and environment evolving principle on the land reclamation in the open coal mines

Introduction In the process of mining in the open coal mines, because of the direct excavation and stockpiling and so on, a great deal of land are damaged and occupied. Green plants decrease significantly, animals migrate, cultivated areas descent quickly and farm crop outputs are reduced, what’s more, atmosphere, water and soil are also polluted. The whole ecosystem encounters serious damage[1,2]. The land reclamation in the open coal mines is an artificial process of recovering and rebuildi…     

CO2 and SO2 emission characteristics of the whole process industry chain of coal processing and utilization in China

The total coal consumption in China is on the rise.The characteristics of CO2 and SO2 emissions in the whole process of coal processing and utilization in China are worthy of study.Based on the five links of the whole process of coal production and utilization,including coal production,raw coal processing,logistics and transportation,conversion and utilization and resource utilization,this paper summarized and analyzed the energy consumption and pollutant emission sources of these five links,combined with the US Environmental Protection Agency’s AP-42 method and IPCC method,to calculate total pollutant discharge and emission factors,where the emission factors were corrected by conversion efficiency.At the same time,uncertainty analysis is performed about CO2 and SO2 emissions.The results showed that CO2 emissions were 3.657 billion tons,and emission reductions were 61 million tons,and SO2 emissions were 4,844,500 tons,and emission reductions were 10.3595 million tons in 2015.     

Preparation and characterization of the porous ceramics from fly ash

Porous ceramics was made from coal fly ash, and the microstructure and other properties were characterized as a function of the amount of the pore-forming agent and firing temperature. The results indicated that the proper sintering temperature for the useful ceramic materials is 1 250℃, and a liquid-phase was involved in the densification process.     

Compatibility of novel blends from polyolefin and coal

Melt blends of low-density polyethylene(LDPE), ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA) and coal with various compositions were prepared through reactive extrusion. The rheological behaviour was studied with respect to the effect of blend ratio, shear rate using a rheometer to gain an understanding of processing parameters controlling industrial application. Compatibility was also evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results revealed that LDPE/EVA/coal is a partly compatible system showing pseudo-plastic behaviour, increase in viscosity with increased coal content appeares evident only at low shear rate region, viscosity tends to keep consistent approximately but irrelates to coal content at higher shear rate. Blends viscosity and compatibility are attibuted to changes in LDPE crystalline structure and entanglement,together with interaction between macromolecular aliphatic chains in coal and amorphous phase in LDPE and EVA at the boundaries of phases, which comes forth during the rearrangement process of the crystalline structure.     

Study of the spontaneous combustion mechanism in coalfield

Coalfield fire is prevalent in the world, especially in China, but the main reason of the fire in the coalfield is not clarity. So it‘s difficult to fight the coalfield fire. Based on the model of outcrop spontaneous combustion in coalfield, that when the fringe coal-rock is break up by the alternation air-temperature, the coal is oxygenated and heat is emitted. Then around coal-rock is heated and break up. The air-leakage conditions are changed and the convection of air in the coal-rock is come into being. The self-ignition process of fringe coal-crock is developed to the deeper coal seam. The oxidation and emitting heat mechanics process of coal, breakage and air-leakage mechanics process of the coal-rock in the coalfield are theoretically analyzed.     

The research progress and prospect for the technology of controlling surface subsidence by grouting separated layer in overburden at coal mines in China

The developed process and theoretical achievement for the technology of controlling surface subsidence by grouting separated layer in overburden is summarized in this paper. The research progress of the technology is discussed synthetically on the basis of practice and research results obtained at coal mine of China in recent years. According to the development tendency of mining under buildings, water bodies and railroads and the properties of the technology, the future research direction is proposed.     

Study on the mechanism of interaction for coal and methane gas

Although two moulds for methane gas in coal with the free state and adsorption state have been popularly considered, the derivation between the real methane gas state equation in coal and the perfect gas state equation has been fuzzily considered and the mechanism of interaction for coal aromatics arid methane gas molecules has not been understood. Then these problems have been discussed in this paper applied the principle of statistical thermo-mechanics and quantum chemistry as well as based on the numerical calculating of experiential data in quantum chemistry. Therefore, it is revealed by research results that the experience state equation for real methane gas in coal, which is put forward in this paper, is closer to actual situation and the interaction process for methane gas adsorption on the surface of coal aromatics can be formulated by Morse potential function. Furthermore it is most stable through this research that the structural mould for methane gas molecule adsorption On the surface of coal nuclear with one gas molecule on top of another aromatics in regular triangle cone has been understood, and it is a physical adserption for methane gas adsorption with single layer molecule on the surface of coal nuclear.     

Improving performance of direct coal liquefaction through swelling with solvent under the radiation of ultrasonic wave

Introduction The direct coal liquefaction is an important tech-nology for producing liquid fuel and chemical rawmaterials from coal. The hydrogenation liquefaction ofcoal takes place under the condition of higher tem-perature and higher pressure and in the presence ofcatalyst. If coal is pretreated by some technology, thereactivity of coal liquefaction can be enforced and theprocess condition of hydrogenation liquefaction canbecome mild. This is a new research way in the fieldof coal hydrogena…     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HORIZONTAL COMBUSTION TECHNIQUE FOR BITUMINOUS COAL BRIQUET

Through a lot of experiments, a new kind of stove using horizontal combustion technique for bituminous coal briquet has been developed. Making use of this stove, studies have been made on burning process of bituminous coal briquet, distribution of temperature field in the stove, the regularities of evolution and combustion of volatile matter, the burning rate and efficiency of bituminous coal briquet, characteristics of fire-sealing and sulfur-retention. The results show that, with the technique, some achievements can be obtained in combustion of bituminous coal briquet, such as lower pollution that the flue gas black degree is below 0.5R and dust concentration is below 90mg/m^3 . The stove‘s combustion efficiency reaches 90%, sulfur fixing efficiency is 60%, and CO concentration is decreased by 40% compared with other traditional stoves. With so many advantages, the stove can be used extensively in civil stoves and smaller industrial boilers.     

APPLICATION OF EXPERT SYSTEM BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK IN MINING THE GENTLE INCLINED THICK SEAM

This paper presents a new method for the correct selection of mining methods and prediction of main technological and economic indexes of the face in the gentle inclined thick seams with the application of the artificial neural network theory and the expert system. The theory analysis and calculating results indicate that the method is reliable, practical and precise. This method has strongly capabilities of self-study and non-linear dynamic data process. It is expected to be widely applied in the policy decision and prediction of mining technology in coal mine.     

Experimental study on evolution law for particle breakage during coal and gas outburst

Coal and gas outburst is a dynamic phenomenon in underground mining engineering that is often accompanied by the throwing and breakage of large amounts of coal.To study the crushing effect and its evolution during outbursts,coal samples with different initial particle sizes were evaluated using a coal and gas outburst testing device.Three basic particle sizes,5–10 mesh,10–40 mesh,and 40–80 mesh,as well as some mixed particle size coal samples were used in tests.The coal particles were pre-compacted at a pressure of 4 MPa before the tests.The vertical ground stress(4 MPa)and the horizontal ground stress(2.4 MPa)were initially simulated by the hydraulic system and maintained throughout.During the tests,the samples were first placed in a vacuum for 3 h,and the coal was filled with gas(CH4)for an adsorption time of approximately 5 h.Finally,the gas valve was shut off and the coal and gas outburst was induced by quickly opening the outburst hole.The coal particles that were thrown out by the outburst test device were collected and screened based on the particle size.The results show the following.(1)Smaller particle sizes have a worse crushing effect than larger sizes.Furthermore,the well-graded coal particles are weakly broken during the outburst process.(2)As the number of repeated tests increases,the relative breakage index grows;however,the increment of growth decreases after each test,showing that further fragmentation becomes increasingly difficult.     

Application of coal-water slurry pedgion magnesium on the rotary calcining kiln of reduction process

Energy saving has been an important concept in modern industry especially to the countries and regions with energy shortage such as China and Japan. Utilization of Coal-Water Slurry （CWS） can improve the burning efficiency of coal and reduce the pollutions of soot, sulfide and the nitride by burning lump coal directly. The CWS is a promising energy saving technique and the effectual substitute of oil. The study on the preparation and application of the CWS has made progresses in many aspects. The present paper studied the basal problems for applying the CWS on the rotary kilns during the calcining-dolomite process in the magnesium factory, summarized the key points for the application process of the CWS and gave the corresponding solutions.     

Dynamic mathematical model and numerical calculation method on spontaneous combustion of loose coal

Through the experiment of coal spontaneous combustion and relationship particle size with oxidation character of loose coal, some calculation formula of characteristic parameters is got in the process of coal spontaneous combustion. According to these theories of porous medium hydrodynamics, mass transfer and heat transfer, mathematical models of air leak field, oxygen concentration field and temperature field are set up. Through experimental and theoretical analysis, 3-D dynamic mathematical model of coal spontaneous combustion is set up. The method of ascertaining boundary condition of model is analyzed, and finite difference method is adopted to solve 2-D mathematical model.