污水处理厂气态污染物的生物净化技术

介绍生物净化气态污染物的原理及两种典型方法,从解决污水处理厂气态污染物的角度阐述了生物净化的可行性,表明生物法净化废气具有费用低、效率高、二次污染少等特点以及广阔的应用前景。     

中小燃煤锅炉气态污染物排放因子实测研究

本研究选取了一定数量负荷在2-10t/h的典型中小燃煤锅炉。通过开展SO2、NOx、CO、CO2等气态污染物排放实测,获取了中小燃煤锅炉气态污染物基础排放因子的实测结果。通过与现有的排放清单研究方法比较,SO2和CO2排放因子大多采用物料衡算方法计算所得,不确定性相对较小,但是,CO和NOx排放仍然存在较大的不确定性。     

半导体厂房气态分子污染物控制探讨

气态分子污染物(AMC)越来越成为半导体厂房建设、运营过程中需要解决的主要问题之一。本文结合AMC控制原理、技术标准、实际工程经验、工厂运行数据、实验数据等简要阐述了半导体厂房对AMC的控制要求、废气排放高度对新风入口位置的影响、新风空调机组中水洗装置的设计要点、各种化学过滤器的性能参数,为同类项目的建设提供参考。     

行车隧道通风机射流作用下污染物浓度分布模拟试验

为研究行车隧道内污染物在通风射流风机作用下的分布规律,对行车交通风与射流场共同作用下的污染物分布进行了模拟试验研究。使用隧道试验平台测试数据检验了用于隧道通风的射流风机和隧道边界条件数值模型,在车流与风机射流共同作用下,对不同车型与行车速度下CO与NO₂的浓度场进行了计算,分析了射流纵向影响范围、通风效率与污染物通风去除效率3个指标,得出了污染气体浓度分布受通风射流风机与车辆流动影响的规律。     

新型干法水泥生产气态污染物产排放量核算研究

2010年我国水泥产量达18.8亿t,约占世界水泥总产量的60%。生产水泥的过程中会产生大量的颗粒物和气态污染物,虽然通过改进生产工艺和对污染物治理,因其产量巨大,水泥行业仍是大气的重污染行业。气态污染物是物料烘干和熟料烧成时,     

半导体晶圆厂洁净室气态化学污染物测试及污染源分析

以我国某新建的半导体晶圆厂洁净室气态化学污染物测试结果为例,利用长期在线检测和现场实测相结合的方法,完成了从建造到洁净室空态运行的全过程测试,分析了安装化学过滤器前后、洁净室运行前室内气态化学污染状况的变化情况及环境控制效果.并对比了室外空气环境及运行前后污染物种类的不同,确定了洁净室不同气态化学污染物的污染源信息.测...     

密闭空调室清除气态污染物的理论研究

研究了密闭空调室为清除内部气态污染物，而在回风风道中使用固体药物，使空气得以再生；建立了该状态下的内循环通风方程及使用固体药物清除气态污染物的数学模型，得到了吸收层厚度、吸收时间与吸收率的关系。     

纳米TiO2-ACF光催化净化室内空气污染物试验

本文提出了纳米TiO2-ACF复合光催化净化室内空气技术,分析了不同条件下复合光催化净化网的净化效率,对ACF吸附网、纳米TiO2光催化净化网和纳米TiO2-ACF复合光催化净化网净化甲醛的净化性能进行了对比分析.复合光催化净化网在高风速且污染物质量浓度较低时净化效率高于其他两种净化网的净化效率近15%.该净化网对无机和有机污染物具有较强的吸附氧化能力、较小的空气阻力、无中间副产物生成,实现了ACF的原位再生,延长了净化网的使用周期.     

水泥窑协同处置污泥过程中含氮气态污染物检测方法

氮氧化物(NOx)作为水泥窑协同处置污泥工艺的特征污染物,其减排是协同处置工艺调控的重要内容.本研究围绕水泥窑协同处置过程中污泥在干化和煅烧阶段氮释放转化问题,研制了模拟水泥窑协同处置污泥试验装置,构建了气态污染物的检测与分析方法,为探讨其迁移转化机理并得到相应的氮控制策略提供重要的基础保障.     

Inverse modeling methods for indoor airborne pollutant tracking: literature review and fundamentals

Reduction in indoor environment quality calls for effective control and improvement measures. Accurate and prompt identification of contaminant sources ensures that they can be quickly removed and contaminated spaces isolated and cleaned. This paper discusses the use of inverse modeling to identify potential indoor pollutant sources with limited pollutant sensor data. The study reviews various inverse modeling methods for advection-dispersion problems and summarizes the methods into three major categories: forward, backward, and probability inverse modeling methods. The adjoint probability inverse modeling method is indicated as an appropriate model for indoor air pollutant tracking because it can quickly find source location, strength and release time without prior information. The paper introduces the principles of the adjoint probability method and establishes the corresponding adjoint equations for both multi-zone airflow models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. The study proposes a two-stage inverse modeling approach integrating both multi-zone and CFD models, which can provide a rapid estimate of indoor pollution status and history for a whole building. Preliminary case study results indicate that the adjoint probability method is feasible for indoor pollutant inverse modeling. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The proposed method can help identify contaminant source characteristics (location and release time) with limited sensor outputs. This will ensure an effective and prompt execution of building management strategies and thus achieve a healthy and safe indoor environment. The method can also help design optimal sensor networks.     

耦合墙体扩散的室内双扩散混合对流输运过程

研究了建筑墙体传热传质与气流流动综合作用下室内双扩散混合对流过程,介绍了整体求解流体固体区域动量守恒方程、能量守恒方程、污染物组分守恒方程及热函数和质函数方程的数值方法,分析了送风强度、热源强度、污染源强度及墙体热质扩散性能对室内混合对流过程的影响,采用流线、热线与质线反映了热和污染物在墙体和建筑室内的输运过程。     

An energy impact assessment of ventilation for indoor airborne bacteria exposure risk in air-conditioned offices

Treatment of fresh air in ventilation systems for air-conditioned offices consumes a significant amount of energy and affects the indoor air quality (IAQ). In this study, energy impact on the ventilation systems was examined against certain IAQ objectives for indoor airborne bacteria exposure risk in air-conditioned offices of Hong Kong. The relationship between thermal energy consumptions and indoor airborne bacteria exposure levels based on regional surveys was investigated. The thermal energy consumptions of ventilation systems operating for carbon dioxide (CO₂) exposure concentrations between 800 and 1200 ppmv for typical office buildings and the corresponding failure probability against some target bacteria exposure levels were evaluated. The results showed that, for a reference indoor environment at a CO₂ exposure concentration of 1000 ppmv, the predicted average thermal energy saving of ventilation system for a unit increment of the expected risk of unsatisfactory IAQ of 1% was 55 MJ m⁻² yr⁻¹ and for a unit decrement of 1%, the predicted additional thermal energy consumption was 58 MJ m⁻² yr⁻¹ respectively. This study would be a useful source of reference in evaluation of the energy performance of ventilation strategies in air-conditioned offices at a quantified exposure risk of airborne bacteria.     

Polydimethylsiloxanes associated with indoor and outdoor airborne particles

Electrical contacts are subject to damage by interaction with silicone oils. These oils, which can cause catastrophic failure of electrical contacts, can arise as vapors or aerosols from components of the environment in which the contacts operate. To assess the potential environmental burden of silicones which could be transferred from source to sink (electrical contact), an aerosol sampling methodology was developed which collects silicone-bearing aerosols. These aerosols, collected with impactors and Teflon filters, are then analyzed by a pyrolysis/mass spectrometric method. As little as 0.1 ng of a given viscosity silicone fluid may be detected using this analytical approach. The fingerprint pyrolysis fragments in this study are cyclic dimethylsiloxanes such as hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (molecular weight = 222), the detection of which is characteristic of polymeric silicone-bearing contaminants in the atmosphere surrounding the silicone-vulnerable electrical contacts.     

置换通风系统室内温度分布的实验研究

实验研究了置换通风系统送风参数和环境参数对室内温度场分布特性的影响.测量了不同送风量、送风温度和夹层空气温度下室内不同测点及人体不同部位上的竖直温度分布,并将实验值与CFD模拟结果进行比较,结果表明二者吻合较好.不同参数条件下的实验结果表明,随着送风量的增大,热分层高度相应提高,但送风量达到一定值后,其对竖直温度梯度的影响明显减小;送风温度的变化只对室内整体温度产生影响,而几乎不影响室内温度梯度;夹层空气温度的升高对室内下部温度影响不大,而上部区域温度升高明显.     

A simulation study of ventilation and indoor gaseous pollutant transport under different window/door opening behaviors

The window/door opening behavior of occupants is a very important factor in determining the airflows and ventilation conditions in buildings, on which indoor pollutant concentration and transport are highly dependent. A two-room residence model was simulated in this study to analyze the airflow characteristics and pollutant transport under different window/door opening behaviors. Airflows were unidirectional and the residence could not be treated as a well-mixed zone when there were no temperature differences. If there were temperature differences, two-way airflow occurred at the exterior window of the room when it was open and the interior door was closed, resulting in a much larger ventilation rate than the situation without temperature differences. Strong two-way airflow occurred at the interior door in the case of the exterior window closed and interior door open, as the air in the two connected rooms was well mixed after the interior door was opened for tens of minutes. The ventilation rate of the room with double-sided ventilation was much higher than that of the room with single-sided ventilation, even though the total opening areas were the same. Opening the exterior window and closing the interior door could effectively remove pollutants from a polluted room and prevent their transport to a clean room. Field experiments were performed and the main conclusions of the simulation were verified.     

低温辐射地板供暖与供新风室内热环境及通风效率实验研究

实验研究了低温辐射地板供暖系统分别与混合通风系统和置换通风系统复合时,办公房间室内热环境参数分布及新风系统的通风效率。结果表明:当辐射地板表面温度为25~29℃、送风温度为15~19℃及新风换气次数为4.2h-1时,低温辐射地板供暖与混合通风复合室内热环境参数分布相对比较均匀,室内空气垂直温差较小,不超过1℃,新风系统的通风效率大约为1.0;与置换通风复合室内热环境参数分布相对比较不均匀,室内空气垂直温差较大,最大能达到4℃,新风系统的通风效率为1.1左右。     

Transient pollutant flushing of buoyancy-driven natural ventilation

The transient flushing of neutrally-buoyant pollutants from a naturally ventilated enclosure is investigated. A simplified transient model for buoyancy-driven natural ventilation produced by a point source of heat is presented to describe the ventilation development from the plume generation to its steady state. The instantaneous thermal stratification interface height and ventilation flow rate and the time taken for the flow to reach the steady state are then examined by the transient model. The results indicate that the decrease of the thermal stratification interface height with dimensionless time, the steady-state interface height and the dimensionless time taken for the flow to reach the steady state are only determined by the dimensionless effective area of the vents. The ventilation flow rate can be increased by decreasing the enclosure floor area or increasing the effective vent area, enclosure height or source buoyancy flux. Accordingly, for rooms with smaller floor area, larger effective vent area or larger source buoyancy flux, ventilation airflow provides more effective flushing of neutrally-buoyant pollutant. Nevertheless, increasing the enclosure height is only beneficial to flush the pollutant from the lower layer rapidly and is disadvantageous to reduce the pollutant concentration of the upper layer.     

强化室内通风研究进展

首先解释了自然通风和强化室内通风。接着介绍了强化室内通风的主要结构形式,包括太阳能强化室内通风(太阳能通风墙、太阳能烟囱、太阳墙、太阳能通风屋顶、太阳能蓄能通风)、多元通风和通过改良设计强化室内通风,并对国内外专家和学者的主要研究进展进行阐述。最后指出目前强化室内通风在研究应用的一些不足之处和未来的研究方向。     

新装修办公室内空气污染的消除试验

以一个新装修的办公室为研究对象,对室内的污染状况进行了检测。从控制污染源和消除室内空气污染两方面进行了净化试验。试验结果表明,在有紫外线灯照射时,用臭氧水对空间和人造板表面进行喷雾,同时保持室内高臭氧浓度的方法对降低人造板的甲醛散发量有明显效果;利用夜间产生高浓度臭氧、白天产生低浓度臭氧结合活性炭吸附的方法能有效消除室内空气中的甲醛和氨气。