硫肥生产技术的开发

正根据云南云天化股份有限公司云峰分公司生产安排,磷肥厂100 kt/a复合肥装置于2017年生产NPK(15-39-8)复合肥产品。根据该装置实际情况,技术人员研发出硫基复合肥。该装置利用管式反应器技术,能够生产磷酸一铵(DAP、GMAP)或多等级的NPK复合肥产品。1硫肥的性能以硫元素为原料生产的硫肥硫含量高,现代肥料先进技术开发了许多适用于直接施用与作为NPKS     

对磷酸盐-钾盐料浆的相组成和粘度的研究

本研究旨在探讨用氯化钾同磷酸铰料浆预混法生产以磷酸二铵和氯化钾为基础的NPK复肥二铵磷钾肥。     

硫铵母液配制方法的改进

经过对硫铵母液酸度、温度等因素的长期研究后,对硫铵母液配制的方法进行了改进,停用煤气预热器,利用回收的热水配制母液,取得良好效果。在节约蒸汽的同时,硫铵质量有所提高,产量略有增加。     

一步解氯法制备硫酸钾及一步法生产氮磷钾复肥

本发明是一步解氯制备硫酸钾及一步生产氮磷钾复肥的方法 ,是以氯化钾和硫酸铵为原料制备硫酸钾 ,并利用其母液生产氮磷钾复肥和普通过磷酸钙。在制备过程中加入解氯剂 ,于常温常压下 ,一步制备得农用硫酸钾 ,并利用分离硫酸钾后的母液配酸处理磷矿粉 ,一步生产氮磷钾复肥和含一定量氮钾的普通过磷酸钙 ,无废渣、废液产生。所生产的复肥既可作烤烟专用肥 ,也可作通用复肥。一步解氯法制备硫酸钾及一步法生产氮磷钾复肥     

酸洗法配套DTB结晶器生产硫铵工艺

硫铵装置是焦炉煤气净化车间的主要生产装置之一,硫铵装置结晶单元的作用是将硫铵从母液中结晶出来。首先硫铵在母液中形成过饱和,然后自然形成晶核。只有溶液过饱和后才有晶核形成,然后这些晶核逐步长大,成为大颗粒硫铵。通常这两个过程是同时进行的。对于一定量的硫铵,若晶核形成速度大于晶核成长速度,得到的是小颗粒硫铵；反之，若晶核形成速度小于晶核成长速度，则得到的是大颗粒的硫铵结晶。     

硫铵工艺的改进措施

韶钢焦化厂硫铵工序采用喷淋式饱和器,处理能力34000m3/h。2003年投产初期,饱和器阻力增大及硫铵出料时飞料等影响了硫铵的生产和煤气风机的正常运行。饱和器阻力大时被迫打开煤气交通阀,煤气含氨量增加,循环油乳化,导致粗苯回收率下降。通过对硫铵工艺的改进,降低了硫铵系统阻力,解决了硫铵出料时的飞料问题,延长了饱和器的运行周期,提高了硫铵产量及质量。1存在的问题1.1母液满流管易堵塞满流管控制饱和器喷淋室下部的液面,促使煤气在环形室内流动,通过母液喷洒吸收煤气中的氨。母液能否稳定满流直接影响饱和器的正常运行。生产中满流管常…     

专利介绍

专利申请号 :9710 7710　　公开号 :12 13 64 6专利名称 :一步解氯法制备硫酸钾及一步法生产氮磷钾复肥文摘 :本发明是一步解氯制备硫酸钾及一步生产氮磷钾复肥的方法 ,是以氯化钾和硫酸铵为原料制备硫酸钾 ,并利用其母液生产氮磷钾复肥和普通过磷酸钙。在制备过程中加入解氯剂 ,于常温常压下 ,一步制备得农用硫酸钾 ,并利用分离硫酸钾后的母液配酸处理磷矿粉 ,一步生产氮磷钾复肥和含一定量氮钾的普通过磷酸钙 ,无废渣、废液产生。所生产的复肥既可作烤烟专用肥 ,也可作通用复肥。专利申请号 :9710 7676　　公开号 :12 10 840专利名称 :利…     

影响硫铵结晶粒度因素的控制

结合硫铵生产的现状,从生产控制的角度,分析了母液酸度、晶比的控制及杂质等结晶环境对硫铵结晶粒度的影响及控制。     

硫铵工段取消氨汽分缩器的生产实践

1 存在问题我厂硫铵工段采用饱和器法生产硫铵, 由于硫铵母液带焦油, 致使硫铵颜色不好, 颗粒小 , 常因离心机发生震颤、下料不均匀和管道堵塞而被迫停产。另外, 由于蒸氨操作不好, 蒸 氨废水的含氨量高, 严重影响废水的生化处理, 再加上氨汽分缩器腐蚀泄漏严重, 检修频繁 , 难以使硫铵工段长期稳定生产。2 原因分析通过对上述问题的分析表明, 由于从蒸氨塔到饱和器的管道太长和分缩器腐蚀泄漏较为严 重, 致使由蒸氨塔进入饱和器的氨汽中带有大量氨水, 造成硫铵母液呈碱性, 部分焦油溶解 而使母液颜色变黑。另外, 由于氨汽分缩器严重泄漏, …     

浅析影响硫铵颜色的因素

邯宝焦化厂现有2×2×42孔JNX70—2型复热式焦炉．生产能力220万t／a，配套煤气净化车间处理能力105600m3／h，采用喷淋式饱和器生产硫铵。脱除煤气中氨时，将蒸氨塔分缩器后的氨汽引入饱和器来提高硫铵收率。自2008年4月投产，因杂质影响。母液为深蓝色。导致硫铵产品为浅蓝色或浅绿色．未达GB535--1995要求。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.