采用He-Ar混合工质的热声压缩机的制冷性能研究

基于理论分析，进行了惰性气体混合工质的热声压缩机驱动动脉管制冷机的性能试验。初步的实验结果表明，随着氦氩混合工质Pr数的减小，热声压缩机性能得到了提高，工作频率降低，从而使脉管的制冷性能得以改善。     

基底厚度小于热渗透深度的石墨烯薄膜热声理论

基于热声效应，对基底厚度小于热渗透深度的石墨烯薄膜发声器进行理论和仿真研究。首先，利用石墨烯薄膜发声器的热功率平衡方程与气体中的热弹性耦合线性方程组推导出了石墨烯薄膜发声器的近/远场声压表达式。将理论计算结果与实验测试值进行对比，二者吻合良好，验证了理论模型的正确性。然后，利用仿真软件对石墨烯薄膜的近远场声压值进行了仿真计算，并将仿真值与理论值进行对比，二者有良好的一致性，验证了仿真计算方法的有效性。研究表明，石墨烯薄膜发声器的远声场为球面波，近声场近似为平面波。在远场低频段，声压级随输出声频率的增加而缓慢增大；在近场高频段，声压级几乎不受输出声频率的影响。研究结果为基底厚度小于热渗透深度情形下的热致发声器提供了理论计算和分析方法，对石墨烯薄膜声源器件的实验研究具有指导意义。     

大型多功能热声发动机的研制及初步实验 第二部分:热声发动机的初步实验

行波热声发动机在回热器中进行的是可逆热声转换过程,理论上可以更高效地产生和传输声功,因而具有广阔的研究应用前景.对自行研制的大型多功能热声发动机进行了初步实验,着重研究了系统的起振、消振过程及压力波动情况.实验结果表明,该热声发动机比纯驻波型热声发动机具有更低的起振温度、更大的压比及更高的热声转换效率.以氮气为工质,在充气压力为9×105 Pa的条件下,该热声发动机最大压比达1.21,工作频率为25 Hz,这是当前国际上处于前列的实验结果.     

驻波型热声压缩机驱动脉管的最新结果

热声驱动脉管制冷机中由于完全无运动部件,具有运行稳定、寿命长等优点,经过对先前已经达到138K的热声驱动脉管制冷机进行系统的改进,在国内首次使该类型的制冷机进入低温温区,以氦气为工质获得了119.7K的制冷温度,这一温度已经能够液化一个大气压表压下的天然气（主要成分：甲烷）,显示出该制冷方式广阔的应用前景,此外,研究了混合工质对热声驱动脉管制冷系统性能的影响情况,并获得了117.6K的最低制冷温度。     

新型制冷剂R1234ze(E)及其混合工质研究进展

低GWP值制冷剂R1234ze(E)(trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene)作为R134a较为理想的替代品而被关注,但其单一成分的热力学性能和传输特性并不理想,在R1234ze(E)中混入R32成分可以有效改善其热力学性能。本文概述了低GWP值工质R1234ze(E)及其与R32混合物的热物性特征、传输特性及系统运行性能方面的研究现状,并与目前常用的制冷工质进行比较分析,指出R1234ze(E)与R32混合工质有望成为新型低GWP值替代工质。     

开式循环热声原理研究

稳定的开发流与热声循环的振荡流进行叠加,使开环流既是过程介质又是工作介质直接参与热声循环,从而构成开式热声系统,它具有与传统热声系统不同的热声作用机理。在开发式循环热声系统中,热声板叠中的温度分布和热流分布均发生有意义的改变。开式的循环声系统具有结构简单可靠、成本低和热效率高等特点,因而具有十分广阔的热声研究与应用前景。本文主要介绍了开式循环热声系统的工作机理和其网络模型。     

热声热机的频率特性研究

热声效应是热声回热器与热声工质在一定的温度梯度作用下相互作用的结果,热声热机的频率是热声系统的一个重要参数,对于热声制冷机其直接决定了消耗声功而泵热的可能性.分别分析了不考虑热粘效应和考虑热粘效应时空谐振管的谐振频率,认为考虑热粘效应时,谐振频率大于不考虑热粘效应时的频率,同时分析了有温度梯度存在时的热声驱动器和热声制冷机的谐振频率,认为热声器件的存在改变了系统的频率特性,使系统的频率高于没有板叠存在时的频率.此结论对于热声制冷机的设计有重要的指导意义.     

混合工质热声发动机起振及消振特性试验研究

基于驻波热声发动机,开展了热声发动机在不同安装倾角下起振及消振特性的试验研究。试验结果表明,热声发动机的安装倾角对热声系统的起振温度、消振温度等参数的影响程度与充注工质种类有很大关系。当系统中充注1 MPa氮气时,在试验的5种角度下,最高起振温度484℃,最低起振温度428℃。当系统充注1 MPa氦气时,热声发动机的起振温度和消振温度并无明显变化。该特性为选择合适角度和工质以降低系统起振温度提供了试验参考,并为太阳能驱动的热声发动机的设计和工质的选择提供了试验依据。     

用混合铁磁工质改善磁埃里克森制冷循环的回热性能

根据磁性材料的比热和熵的特性，讨论了采用混合铁巴工质可使磁埃里克森制冷循环实现理想回热或趋近于理想回热，而用混合顺磁工质则难达此目的．实验上也得到了相同的结论．     

Rijke型热声自激振荡机理研究进展

Rijke管热致声现象自发现以来得到了广泛的研究和应用,并发展成为高效率的行波型热声热机,但其热声自激振荡机理一直没有被完全揭示清楚。热声激振条件关系到对低品位能源的利用和热声转换效率的提高,因此对自激振荡机理的研究成为热声技术的首要课题。经典线性热声理论作为对小振幅弱非线性现象的一种近似,可以粗略指导热声热机的设计,但不能解决诸如起振、声流和声压饱和等非线性问题。通过对近几十年来Rijke型热声自激振荡机理研究进展的总结,指出最近发展的几种非线性热声理论存在的局限性,并提出了未来在自激振荡机理研究方面的研究方法和研究方向。     

影响射孔侵彻深度的混凝土靶材物性因素分析

影响射孔穿深的因素很多,通过试验和计算机数值模拟的手段,着重分析、讨论混凝土靶材物性因素(靶等效应力强度、声阻抗和孔隙度、砂粒度)的影响.结果表明侵彻初期及随后的定常侵彻阶段主要影响因素是声阻抗、孔隙度侵彻滞止阶段主要影响因素是动态抗压等效应力强度砂子粒径是影响射孔侵彻深度的重要因素.     

On the temperature dependence of the London penetration depth in a superconductor

In the framework of the electron-phonon theory of superconductivity [1], it is shown that the magnetic field penetration depth _L increases like a certain power of temperature atTT _c due to the low-lying excitations in the phonon spectrum. For the acoustic phonons with the density of states ² the penetration depth increases T ⁵. The origin of such a high power ofT is the same as that in the case of resistivity of the normal metal: the phonon corrections to the electromagnetic vertex should be taken into account, and major terms (T ³) cancel, the surviving ones having a higher power ofT. The possibility of linear and quadratic terms in _L(T) is discussed in a model of electrons interacting with two-level centers [2].     

Magnetic penetration depth measurements in cuprate superconductors

We examine recent results on measurements of the magnetic penetration depth in cuprate superconductors, with particular emphasis on our results obtained with the microstrip and parallel-plate resonator techniques. The results show that the magnetic penetration depth temperature dependence in YBa₂Cu₃O_7– is not consistent with a simple scaled weak-coupled BCS temperature dependence. We present three classes of interpretations of these measurements, and how they relate to other experimental studies of the cuprates. Finally, these interpretations are discussed in terms of some theories of cuprate superconductivity.     

The penetration depth of HgBa2CuO4+δ with 0.07 ≤ δ ≤ 0.35

The magnetic penetration depth (T) of three HgBa₂CuO₄₊ samples with 0.16 < 0.27 has been determined from the reversible magnetization. The obtained follows a BCS-like correlation of 1/² 1–(T/T_c)² over whole measured temperature range in an underdoped sample with T_c 90 K, but deviates significantly from similar fits in an overdoped sample with the same T_c and an optimum doped sample, whose 1/² 's depends on T nearly linearly below T_c/2. This asymmetry between the underdoped and overdoped samples suggests that the T-dependence of 1/² is affected by doping in a complicated way.     

The surface impedance of superconductors and normal conductors: The Mattis-Bardeen theory

The contribution of the Mattis-Bardeen theory to the understanding of the surface impedance of superconductors and normal conductors is reviewed. The early theoretical and experimental studies of the surface impedance of conductors are sketched to provide the context in which the Mattis-Bardeen theory and, independently, the Abrikosov-Gor'kov-Khalatnikov theory were developed. The Mattis-Bardeen theory is described along with the methods for numerical calculation of the surface impedance from their expression for the current density. Extensions to include the effects of anisotropy and strong coupling are briefly discussed. Theory is compared with representative measurements of the surface impedance, demonstrating excellent agreement in absolute magnitude and in the dependences on frequency, temperature, and material parameters.     

Muon-Spin Rotation Study of the Ternary Noncentrosymmetric Superconductors Li2Pd x Pt3−x B

We investigated the superconducting state of the noncentrosymmetric superconductors Li₂Pd _x Pt_3−x B with superconducting transition temperature T _c=5.16(8) K (x=2.25), 3.56(8) K (x=1.5) and 2.60 K (x=0) by means of muon-spin rotation (μSR) and specific heat experiments. The μSR relaxation rate σ _sc was found to be constant at low temperatures for all the compounds. Data taken at different magnetic fields show that the magnetic penetration depth λ is field-independent for Li₂Pd_2.25Pt_0.75B and Li₂Pt₃B. The electronic contribution to the specific heat measured in Li₂Pd_1.5Pt_1.5B and Li₂Pt₃B increases exponentially at the lowest temperatures. These features suggest that the whole family of Li₂Pd _x Pt_3−x B comprises single-gap s-wave superconductors across the entire doping regime.     

Nonlinear Surface Reactance of a Superconductor Strip

The nonlinear reactive response of a thin superconductor strip at microwave frequencies is analyzed in terms of two mechanisms intrinsic to a superconductor: the response of the condensate state in the presence of an electromagnetic transversal field and the Lorentz-force effect. These are qualitatively and quantitatively distinct mechanisms. The former is a quantum effect, at work at the strip midsection where the current density is approximately constant, while the latter is a classical effect associated with the large current gradients at the strip edges. The lowest nonlinear term in the penetration depth is calculated for both mechanisms in the static limit and for an s-wave superconductor. The result associated with the condensate state response mechanism compares well with recent high-quality YBCO-film data, particularly at elevated temperatures. On the other hand the Lorentz force nonlinearity mechanism yields a negligible contribution for a wide thin film. We conclude with a brief discussion of this work in perspective to related work.     

胶版纸油墨渗透深度的研究

测试了5种胶版纸的基本性能,通过印刷打样,测定出同一油墨在这些纸张内部的渗透深度,分析了胶版纸和印刷工艺对油墨渗透深度的影响状况.     

RF measurements on a TE011 YBCO cavity at 8 GHz

In the present work a cavity fully coated with an YBCO thick film was fabricated using an improved electrophoretic deposition technology with a special attempt to avoid the possible contamination of the superconducting powder during the milling process in the suspension preparation. A microwave experimental set-up was constructed to measure the rf behavior of the cavity in a wide temperature range. The loaded quality factorQ ₁ and the shift of the resonant frequency vs. the temperature at various rf magnetic fields have been measured. Furthermore, the surface resistance and the penetration depth determined from the measurements were compared with the numerical calculation in the framework of BCS theory, showing good agreement with the theoretical predictions.     

影响大孔径粉末药型罩性能的几个主要因素

与高穿深粉末药型罩相比,大孔径粉末药型罩的研究相对较少,设计和试验难度相对较大。文章通过混凝土靶试验,对大孔径粉末药型罩研制过程中的几个主要因素进行分析,研究表明影响大孔径粉末药型罩的主要因素是基本结构、成分与颗粒级配以及药型罩成型工艺,通过控制调整这些主要因素,可以改善大孔径粉末罩的性能,达到设计要求。