热煤气发生炉及其应用

介绍了热煤气发生炉和热煤气高速烧嘴的构造及热工特性。     

横管式煤气初冷器管壁外除垢工艺的改进

横管式煤气初冷器是焦化厂化产回收车间回收副产品时用来冷却热煤气的设备,内部有若干根横向管道,冷却水在管道中循环,结构是水走管程,煤气走箱体。煤气初冷器是厂化产回收的重要关键装置,一是起到了冷却煤气温度,便于鼓风抽送的作用;二是洗涤萘及同系物,便于后续洗氨、洗苯及脱硫工段的正常运行：热煤气由初冷器顶部进入,再由底部出去,热煤气在初冷器里遇到横管内的冷却水而降温,使出初冷器的煤气温度达到技术指标。     

煤气热脱硫与燃煤联合循环发电——兼论山西省坑口电站的建设

本文主要论述热煤气脱硫法的特点和分类,并对其中最有发展前途的铁系热煤气脱硫法的国外开发概况,予以介绍。文中也论述了开发铁系热煤气脱硫及燃煤联合循环发电技术对山西省建设坑口电站的意义。     

60m^2马蹄焰窑炉热煤气热风烤窑技术探讨

热风烤窑技术具有质量高、消耗低、时间短等许多优点,得到普遍应用。在以往的实践中,人们已经熟练掌握了柴油、净煤气或天然气作为烤窑热能的技术,但对于热煤气热风烤窑技术还不太了解,热煤气燃烧时火焰有利于炉内燃烧空间各个角落的温度均匀,因此,采用热煤气热风烤窑还有待深入和探讨。     

热煤气用于玻璃制品的退火

通过对热煤气进行简单除尘、除焦,采取特定管道加压、加热,保证热煤气的远距离持续供应,用于玻璃制品退火是可行的。     

信箱

问:如何用热煤气烘烤玻璃窑炉? 答:用热煤气烤窑的方法如下: 一、烤窑的步骤(以蓄热式马蹄焰池炉为例) 1.烤窑的准备工作 在用热煤气进行烘炉以前,须准备一套临时烤窑管道,见下图。     

热-电-煤气"三联产"技术研究

简要介绍了目前中国主要的热—电—煤气“三联产”技术,并对热—电—煤气“三联产”技术应用过程中应解决的几个关键问题进行了分析,妥善解决这些问题才能在煤的综合利用中推广热—电—煤气“三联产”这种全新的能源利用模式。     

小型工业煤气化炉(第Ⅰ部分)

对四种工业上现用的小型煤气化炉进行了技术经济评价。发现四种气化炉都适于用加拿大褐煤在小型专用工厂生产2.11—31.65×10_(12)焦耳/天(2至30×10~9英热单位/天)的工业燃料气。这种已经成熟的技术既可以生产低热值煤气(吹空气),也可以生产中热值煤气(吹入氧气)。在两种情况下,如用户所采用的工艺,不允许热粗煤气中杂质污染时,可把煤气冷却和净化。结论是,可以1.9O美元/京焦耳(2.00美元/百万英热单位)的价格生产热粗低热值煤气,2.84美元/京焦耳(3.00美元/百万英热单位)的价格生产中热值煤气或4.5美元/京焦耳(4.75百万英热单位)的价格生产冷的清洁的中热值煤气(以1979年初美元为依据)。在文章的第Ⅱ部分,涉及到在水泥厂和钢厂应用情况的研究。文章也论述了天然气转换成热粗低热值煤气的改造费用。     

发生炉煤气在陶瓷工业应用中的两种现象分析

对近年来陶瓷工业使用发生炉煤气的情况进行分析，针对使用热煤气的隧道窑烧嘴堵塞和用冷煤气窑炉煤气成分波动的问题，提出一些合理化建议。     

中低温热解煤气热量清洁利用技术途径分析与策略建议

高温含焦油热解煤气携带大量显热与潜热,该部分热量高效回收利用对于整个工艺系统能效提升至关重要。为促进中低温热解过程余热资源高效回收利用,分析了激冷工艺、废热锅炉余热利用等中低温热解煤气冷却与余热利用方式的主要技术特点及不足;阐述了初冷器上段余热回收、循环氨水余热回收、上升管余热回收等高温热解煤气热量利用技术现状与特点。分析了含焦油高温热解煤气冷凝过程中焦油黏附问题、低温低压煤气热量捕捉与高效利用等中低温热解煤气热量回收利用过程中的主要技术难点。基于该技术难点及前期相变换热技术研究积累,以含焦油热解煤气冷凝-传热特性为科学基础,提出了热解煤气分级冷凝与相变换热相耦合的能量梯级回收利用一体化技术。即以焦油蒸汽不同组分露点差异与析出特性为基础,形成基于温度梯度的热解煤气分级冷凝工艺技术,逐级回收热解煤气所含热量,并实现不同馏程焦油产物在线分质回收;同时耦合复合相变换热技术,换热介质与热解煤气分级逆流换热,针对性回收热解煤气显热及低品位热解煤气潜热,实现含油热解煤气分级冷凝与热量梯级回收利用一体化,从而达到热解系统热效率与产品品质提升的双重效果。以100万t/a流化床热解工艺为例,提出了中低温热解煤气热量回收技术路线并进行了热量衡算。结果表明:该技术路线中低温热解煤气热量利用率可达到81. 17%,初步显示了其可行性。高效回收利用热解过程中的余热资源将是资源节约、环境友好热解产业发展的主要方向和潜力所在。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。