Evaluation of enhanced conduction-corrected modified effective temperature ETFe as the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index

The purpose of this paper is made to clarify that the relationship between the human physiological and psychological responses and the enhanced conduction-corrected modified effective temperature ETFe as the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index upon the human body. Environmental factors and human physiological and psychological responses were measured. It was made clear that the variables by which summer outdoor environmental factors influence the thermal sensation vote are heat conduction, humidity and short-wave solar radiation. The variables that affect the thermal comfort vote are air velocity, heat conduction and humidity. ETFe, into which the environmental factors that are the variables for human response are incorporated, showed good correspondence with the thermal sensation vote. Similarly, ETFe has a good correspondence with thermal comfort vote. The usage of ETFe as a thermal environment evaluation index for summer outdoor spaces is valid. The threshold for the human body with regards to thermal environment stimuli in an outdoor space is higher than the thermal environment stimuli in a summer indoor space.     

Conduction-corrected modified effective temperature as the indices of combined and separate effect of environmental factors on sensational temperature

In living spaces, people sit or lie on the floor and adopt a posture in which much of the surface of the body is in contact with the floor. When the temperature of the spatial structure or the surface temperature of an object in contact with the human body is not equivalent to the air temperature, these effects are non-negligible. Most research examining the physiological and psychological responses of the human body has involved subjects sitting in chairs. Research that takes into account body heat balance and assessments of thermal conduction into the environment is uncommon. Thus, in this study, conduction-corrected modified effective temperature (ETF), which is a new thermal environmental index incorporating heat conduction, is defined in order to make possible the evaluation of thermal environments that take into account different postures. This sensational temperature index converts the effects of the following parameters into a temperature equivalent: air velocity, thermal radiation, contact material surface temperature and humidity. This index has the features of a summation formula. Through the use of these parameters, it is possible to represent and quantify their composite influence on bodily sensation and the effects of discrete meteorological elements through an evaluation on an identical axis.     

高温高湿下人体热应力评价指标的研究

分析了热应力的概念及其评价指标。从高温高湿环境影响人体生理机能的机理出发,阐述了热应力评价指标的使用范围,提出了现有热应力研究有待解决的问题。     

地源热泵恒温恒湿空调系统室内设计温度的优化分析

针对上海某档案库房的地源热泵恒温恒湿空调系统,研究了冬夏季节不同室内设计温度对系统运行特性的影响。实验结果表明,冬夏季节的两种不同工况均能满足档案库房室内温湿度的控制要求。理论分析结果表明,夏季工况时,随着室内设计温度的升高,地源热泵恒温恒湿空调机组的COP基本保持不变,约为5.0,但减少了向土壤的排热量;冬季工况时,室内设计温度升高时,地源热泵恒温恒湿空调机组的COP略有升高,并且增加了从土壤中的取热量。综合考虑系统的节能性、稳定性以及档案保存的特殊性,夏季室内设计温度建议为22℃~24℃,冬季室内设计温度建议为23℃~24℃。     

湿热地区遮阳形式对校园热环境的影响研究

受气候变暖与热岛效应影响,城市热环境正在恶化,对人居环境和居民健康造成严重威胁。校园是一种重要的教育类社区,亦受到高温威胁。改善夏季校园热环境,营造凉爽宜居校园环境,对保障师生健康、丰富户外活动、提高学习效率、节约能源等方面具有积极意义。本研究旨在探究遮阳对室外热环境的调节能力及机制。选取重庆大学校园内常见的遮阳空间（树荫遮阳、遮阳篷遮阳、亭子遮阳）,对其热环境（黑球温度（Tg）、空气温度（Ta）、相对湿度（Rh）、地面温度（Ts））进行现场实测,分析不同遮阳形式对夏季校园室外热舒适（生理等效温度（PET）、通用热气候指数（UTCI））的影响程度。研究表明：遮阳可以有效阻挡太阳辐射,改善室外环境的热舒适。无遮阳空间的Ta、Tg、Ts、PET、UTCI均高于有遮阳空间;在湿热环境下,遮阳篷遮阳与亭子遮阳的热舒适优于树荫遮阳;在遮阳条件下,不同地面材质对室外热舒适的影响无明显差异;不同遮阳形式的天空可视因子（SVF）对室外热环境有明显影响,SVF对Tg、Ts、PET、UTCI的影响较大,对Ta和Rh的影响较弱。研究结果将对营造健康安全的校园热环境提供理论支撑。     

室内地板辐射采暖与散热器采暖流场的数值模拟

合理的采暖方式不仅使人体舒适,而且有利于有效利用能源。以兰州地区某公共建筑作为研究对象,通过流场模拟软件Fluent airpak,建立房间的数学模型与物理模型,对室内的温度场、速度场及热舒适性进行分析。得出了室内温度分布云图、速度云图、PMV分布图。对比分析了2种采暖方式的差别,低温地板辐射采暖相较于散热器采暖,在温度、风速、热舒适等方面具有极大的优势,而且低温地板辐射采暖可以利用低品位能源作为热源,节约能源,具有很大的推广意义。     

太阳能富集地区居住建筑非平衡保温研究——拉萨市非平衡保温传热系数限值研究

在有供暖需求的太阳能资源富集地区,由于太阳辐射强烈,居住建筑各朝向外墙,尤其是南北向外墙接收的太阳辐射量差异巨大,为了更有效地利用太阳能及降低保温成本,这种差异应表现在建筑围护结构保温设计中。本文通过对拉萨市标准年气象数据库的分析,得到了其居住建筑各朝向外墙供暖期内获得的太阳辐射量;通过对各朝向外墙有效传热系数的分析,得到了各朝向外墙净热损失比例以及基于现行传热系数限值的非平衡保温传热系数限值。新旧传热系数限值的对比证明了非平衡保温具有现实工程意义。     

三种中高温工质热力性质分析

简要分析了中高温工质R123,R142b和R134a的化学性质,用热力学指标综合评价了3种工质的性能。评价结果表明,R134a适用于中低温热泵机组,R142b适用于供热温度较高的小型热泵装置,R123适用于中高温热泵机组,且供热温度可以达到80℃。     

科学认识、宣传与建设地源热泵系统,切实加强地下环境监测工作

在阐明地源热泵系统的基本原理、优缺点与适用条件的基础上,对"浅层地热能"的表述提出了异议;指出了当前地源热泵工程建设中的六个主要问题,提出了在保护地下资源环境的前提下发展与建设地源热泵系统的四点建议.     

干热干冷地区围护结构热工设计对内表面温度及室内热舒适的影响

为了分析干热干冷地区围护结构热工性能对室内热环境的影响,采用物理环境实测结合动态模拟方法对比分析了2组墙体的保温、蓄热性能对内表面温度的影响,并结合太阳辐射季节变化探究了太阳辐射吸收比对室内热舒适的影响.研究表明:实测结果与模拟结果吻合较好,对于干热干冷地区,提高围护结构蓄热性能能够降低夏季内表面温度,对冬季内表面温度...     

影响地板辐射换热能力若干因素的分析

影响冷暖辐射地板系统的几个重要因素有供水温度、室内设计温度、埋管管距、埋管管径和地面层材料.通过实验,利用数值模拟的方法分析在一定条件下各因素与地板表面平均温度及平均热流密度之间的关系,并总结各影响因素间的相互关系.     

上海某商务办公楼暖通空调绿色、低碳设计

结合上海某商务办公楼绿色、低碳设计实例,阐述了暖通空调节能新技术的系统设计思路,并对设计方法、设计难点进行重点分析和总结,为同类工程设计提供借鉴。设计综合采用了高性能围护结构保温系统、地源热泵系统、温湿独立控制系统、末端辐射系统、热泵热水系统等一系列节能措施。     

炕-地组合供暖末端室内热环境及其热均匀性评价实验研究

为满足西北村镇居民冬季室内分时分区热需求,提出了一种炕-地组合供暖末端形式,对组合末端4种运行模式下的室内热环境营造效果进行了对比实验研究.掌握了组合末端不同运行模式下室内热环境昼夜变化特征,对比分析了温度空间不均匀性和辐射不均匀性.结果 表明:组合末端单独运行时均无法同时满足昼夜室内舒适温度要求,且温度空间均匀性和辐...     

Model for calculating the sustainable building index (SBI) in the kingdom of Bahrain

We have developed a model that allows players in the building and construction sector and the energy policy makers on energy strategies to be able to perceive the interest of investors in the kingdom of Bahrain in conducting Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) or Building integrated wind turbines (BIWT) projects, i.e. a partial sustainable or green buildings. The model allows the calculation of the Sustainable building index (SBI), which ranges from 0.1 (lowest) to 1.0 (highest); the higher figure the more chance for launching BIPV or BIWT.