Behaviour of tunnel lining strengthened by textile-reinforced concrete

In this paper, the effectiveness of textile-reinforced concrete (TRC), as a means of increasing the bending resistance of tunnel lining, was experimentally and analytically investigated. The short RC column strengthened by TRC on the side farthest from the axial load was designed to investigate the behaviour of tunnel lining strengthened by TRC. The parameters under study included the loading eccentricities, the number of textile layers and the preload ratio of the short RC columns. The experimental programme was composed of two control RC columns with different eccentricities. Five RC columns which were externally upgraded by TRC sheets were also analysed for their enhanced flexural capacity. Experimental responses of the reinforced concrete members strengthened in bending indicated that TRC substantially enhanced the bending resistance. Specifically, the gain increased with a concurrent increase in both the number of layers and eccentricity. The gain greatly worsened, however, with an increase in the preload ratio. An analytical method considering the non-linear behaviour of the materials was also proposed and validated through the test results. The study was extended analytically to include additional cases of TRC-strengthened specimens with some more parameters, including different concrete and steel types.     

Reliability assessment of reinforced concrete structures based on random damage model

A stochastic model is developed to describe the fracture behaviour of concrete fibres at micro-level, and a probabilistic relation between the fibre strain and the concrete damage variable is established. In this context, the concrete damage evolution can be quantified by two representative random variables. In this regard, the number of random variables employed in potential reliability assessment studies can be greatly reduced. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparing the first- and second-order moments of the stochastic damage evolution with the corresponding closed form solutions. Further, the proposed method is applied to the non-linear analysis and reliability assessment of a five-story reinforced concrete frame, and the results show that it is quite efficient for stochastic response determination and reliability evaluation of complex structures.     

Reliability of prestressed concrete structures considering creep models

The reliability of prestressed concrete structures subject to viscoelastic behaviour is investigated regarding the creep model defined by the Eurocodes. A probabilistic phenomenological model is proposed for long-term creep strains on the basis of large database of creep tests. The uncertainties in the geometrical and mechanical parameters are modelled by random variables. The proposed model considers also the statistical fitting error in creep strain predictions. The reliability analysis is performed on a prestressed concrete deck, in order to show the large impact of time-dependent phenomena on the reliability of prestressed structures, and consequently the importance of considering appropriate viscoelastic models in the design of this kind of structures. Moreover, the errors related to creep models are shown to play a very important role in the structural safety assessment.     

Reliability of linear structures with parameter uncertainty under non-stationary earthquake

The present work aims towards the development of a general framework of time varying unconditional reliability evaluation of linear elastic multi degree of freedom structures with uncertain parameter subjected to the generalized earthquake ground motion, a non-stationary process both in amplitude and frequency content. The formulation is developed in double frequency spectrum to derive the generalized power spectral density function of the structural responses. The time varying reliability is evaluated using conditional crossing rate following the Vanmarcke’s modification. The perturbation based stochastic finite element method is utilized in deriving unconditional reliability. An idealized three dimensional dam structure subjected to El Centro (1940) earthquake is taken up to elucidate the proposed unconditional time varying reliability computation procedure based on the maximum top displacement and base shear criteria. The results are presented to compare the change in reliabilities of the uncertain system with that of deterministic system and associated variance of the reliability due to parameter uncertainty.     

碳化概率模型及混凝土结构碳化失效概率分析

混凝土碳化分析是评估混凝土结构长期性能的重要内容。该文分析总结了现有混凝土碳化理论和经验模型。在现有确定性模型基础上,通过添加模型修正项的方法修正确定性模型的误差,建立混凝土碳化概率模型。概率模型中模型参数的后验统计分布特征利用已有检测数据通过贝叶斯更新手段获得。基于建立的碳化概率模型,构建混凝土结构碳化时变失效概率的分析方法,该方法充分考虑模型不确定性对混凝土结构碳化时变失效概率的影响。运用该方法对一钢筋混凝土简支板的碳化性能进行了分析评估。     

Seismic vulnerability assessment of tilt-up concrete structures

This paper focuses on seismic vulnerability assessment for one-story tilt-up concrete structures. To capture the potential failure mechanisms, an analytical modelling approach using nonlinear properties is developed and verified with measured data from a shake table test documented in the literature. Nonlinear dynamic analyses using synthetic ground motions for Memphis, Tennessee, are performed to assess dynamic behaviour of the buildings. Then, probabilistic demand models for multiple limit states that represent potential failure mechanisms are developed with a Bayesian updating approach. These demand models are used in conjunction with appropriate capacity limits to develop fragility curves that provide a probabilistic measure of the seismic vulnerability of typical tilt-up concrete buildings. This study shows that the vulnerability of typical tilt-up structures in Mid-America is significant when seismic hazards are high. In addition, it is found that the aspect ratio of building geometry has a significant impact on the seismic performance and fragility estimates of tilt-up buildings.     

混凝土多孔砖产品放射性检测结果不确定度分析与评定

根据JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》、JC943-2004《混凝土多孔砖》和GB6566-2001《建筑材料放射性核索限量》等标准规定要求,对混凝土多孔砖放射性技术要求的检测结果进行不确定度分析与评定,主要分析检测过程中存在的不确定度来源,找出影响检测结果的主要因素,并建立测定过程的数学模型,量化不确定度分量,求出测定结果合成不确定度,最终给出测定结果的不确定度评定报告。     

Reliability evaluation in nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures

Modern building codes provide a basis for development of advanced nonlinear models for analysis and design of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Application of nonlinear models permits direct evaluation of reliability of the whole structure at the stage of a structural analysis. In this paper a probabilistic method for reliability evaluation of plane frame structures with respect to ultimate limit states is proposed. The method is based on a combination of the nonlinear finite element structural model and the first-order reliability method (FORM). Implementation of the FORM for nonlinear analysis of RC structures is considered. Uncertainties associated with the structural model are taken into account and their influence on structural reliability is examined via sensitivity analysis.     

Analytical models for the nonlinear seismic analysis of reinforced concrete structures

This paper discusses the analytical techniques for nonlinear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete structures. The paper reviews the strain-rate effect, damping, and the hysteretic behaviour of structural members. Three classifications of analytical models of RC structures are reviewed, and their applications to the different types of structural systems discussed. The three groups are: (1), simple models; (2), line element models; (3), finite element models. A large portion of this paper discusses different hysteresis and analytical line element models of RC members and their application to structural systems.     

Evaluation of calibration efficacy under different levels of uncertainty

This paper examines how calibration performs under different levels of uncertainty in model input data. It specifically assesses the efficacy of Bayesian calibration to enhance the reliability of EnergyPlus model predictions. A Bayesian approach can be used to update uncertain values of parameters, given measured energy-use data, and to quantify the associated uncertainty. We assess the efficacy of Bayesian calibration under a controlled virtual-reality setup, which enables rigorous validation of the accuracy of calibration results in terms of both calibrated parameter values and model predictions. Case studies demonstrate the performance of Bayesian calibration of base models developed from audit data with differing levels of detail in building design, usage, and operation.     

超高压变电构架钢管混凝土Y型相贯节点平面内受弯性能研究

以国内首例采用钢管混凝土的750kV超高压变电构架工程为背景,设计了3个1:2缩尺、主管灌注混凝土的Y型相贯节点试件,其中包括2个采用不同加强方式(即瓦形板、外套筒加强)和1个作为对比的无加强节点试件,并对其进行了平面内受弯性能试验。试验结果表明：相比无加强节点,采用的2种加强节点的最终破坏形态均为支管失效破坏,均符合“强柱弱梁”的设计原则;节点的转动刚度和受弯承载力均显著提高,平面内转动刚度均可达到欧洲规范规定的刚性节点要求,且平面内受弯承载力基本可以达到支管全截面塑性时的弯矩值。此外,对节点的有限元分析表明：主管轴压比、瓦形板长度和宽度对节点刚度和承载力影响较小,而瓦形板厚度对此影响较为显著。     

预应力混凝土空心平板的布筋形式分析

结合预应力混凝土空心平板在工程设计中的应用实例，采取两种不同的预应力筋布置形式，运用有限元进行建模计算，并对其结果进行比较，得出预应力筋均匀布置时最．大挠度稍大一点的结论。     

基于ABAQUS的型钢混凝土梁三维非线性分析

基于ABAQUS混凝土损伤塑性模型,讨论了型钢混凝土梁三维非线性分析的建模方法及模型参数取值,针对一箱形型钢混凝土梁试验模型进行有限元模拟,并与试验结果进行对比分析.计算结果与试验结果基本相符,从而说明本文选用的基于ABAQUS的模型及参数可对型钢混凝土梁的静力学性能进行较为准确的模拟.     

基于不同本构模型的混凝土结构地震倒塌对比分析

基于混凝土材料本构模型,结合精细化结构单元模型和高效稳定的数值算法,实现了混凝土结构的动力倒塌全过程分析。对建模方法、结构分析方法、材料与构件失效准则等进行了简要介绍。以某钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构为例,分别采用混凝土弹-脆性本构模型、弹塑性本构模型和随机损伤本构模型进行了结构地震倒塌全过程分析。结果表明：混凝土本构模型对结构倒塌分析具有重要的基础地位,本构模型选取不当,将给出错误的倒塌模式或分析结果;混凝土随机损伤本构模型能够准确地预测结构的强非线性行为,可用于复杂混凝土结构倒塌全过程的模拟。     

Deteriorating beam finite element for nonlinear analysis of concrete structures under corrosion

A three-dimensional reinforced concrete (RC) deteriorating beam finite element for nonlinear analysis of concrete structures under corrosion is presented in this study. The finite element formulation accounts for both material and geometrical nonlinearity. Damage modelling considers uniform and pitting corrosion and includes the reduction of cross-sectional area of corroded bars, the reduction of ductility of reinforcing steel and the deterioration of concrete strength due to splitting cracks, delamination and spalling of the concrete cover. The beam finite element is validated with reference to the results of experimental tests carried out on RC beams with corroded reinforcement. The application potentialities of the proposed formulation are shown through the finite element analysis of a statically indeterminate RC beam and a three-dimensional RC arch bridge under different damage scenarios and corrosion penetration levels. The results indicate that the design for durability of concrete structures exposed to corrosion needs to rely on structural analysis methods capable to account for the global effects of local damage phenomena on the overall system performance.     

混凝土结构碳化寿命预测模型分析

混凝土碳化是影响结构耐久性的重要因素.根据碳化寿命准则,对现有混凝土结构碳化寿命预测模型进行分析比较,并用试验值或实测值验证.还对混凝土结构碳化寿命预测模型的影响因素进行了分析,对混凝土结构耐久性设计以及施工和维护期间应控制的影响因素提出了建议.     

型钢混凝土梁在特种结构中的应用初探

采用有限元计算、按规范传统公式计算及结合试验成果等方法,通过型钢混凝土梁和传统钢筋混凝土梁性能的对比分析,说明型钢混凝土梁在承载能力、裂缝、梁高以及施工方面的优越性,此外,为今后的研究提出一些建议,从而推动其在一些特殊的工业工程领域得到应用。     

剪力墙结构计算模型分析

比较全面地分析了目前国内外学者所采用的剪力墙结构计算模型,并重点介绍了多垂直杆元模型,用虎功原理推导了其单元刚度矩阵,应用这一模型计算了一片剪力墙的荷载一位移骨架曲线,并与试验曲线对比,表明了该模型具有较小的计算量和较好的计算精度。     

混凝土结构疲劳全过程分析方法研究

为研究混凝土结构疲劳破坏的全过程,提出一种基于损伤力学的疲劳分析方法。该方法通过引入疲劳损伤本构模型以描述混凝土材料在疲劳荷载作用下的劣化过程。为提高计算效率,将本构模型与非线性有限元方法相结合,发展了一种循环跳跃式疲劳加速算法。基于该算法,结构的疲劳破坏过程可仅通过少量疲劳加载循环的计算加以推测。为保证算法精度,进一步提出基于损伤演化速率的自适应精度控制策略,使分析可根据疲劳损伤演化速率的变化自动调整加速算法的时间跳跃步长。采用该分析方法对混凝土材料与钢筋混凝土梁的疲劳破坏过程进行模拟,并与相关疲劳试验数据进行对比。结果表明：该分析方法可准确预测混凝土结构在疲劳荷载作用下的非线性行为,特别是疲劳加载过程中裂缝的产生和扩展过程;结合疲劳损伤本构模型和疲劳加速算法能够高效及准确地模拟混凝土结构的疲劳破坏全过程。