防御2006年超强台风“桑美”的实践与思考

该文从袭击我省的2006年第8号强台风“桑美”特性出发，分析其造成重大人员伤亡和惨重经济损失原因，介绍全省上下全力防抗台风和灾后重建措施，认真总结防御“桑美”的实践经验与工作特色，提出了防抗超强台风、做好防台减灾工作的5点思考与启示。     

福建省防抗超强台风“桑美”回顾

2006年8月10日17时25分，福建省福鼎市沙埕港遭受今年第8号超强台风“桑美”的正面袭击。“桑美”超强台风是我国台风强度重新分级后登陆的第一个超强台风，也是建国后有气象记录以来风力最强、破坏力最大、我国气象部门第一次进入一级气象应急响应状态的台风。面对这一史无前例、人力难以抗拒的特大自然灾害，在福建省委、省政府的坚强领导下，福建军民紧急动员，迅速行动，齐心协力，科学防御，奋起抗击，共御天灾，将人员伤亡和灾害损失降到了最低限度，取得了防台风工作的胜利。     

浙江省防御超强台风的实践与思考

今年第8号超强台风（桑美）（以下简称“桑美”）于今年8月10日在我省温州市苍南县马站镇登陆。“桑美”中心气压特别低、风力特别强、降雨特别集中，破坏力巨大，是50年来袭击我国大陆最强的台风，给我省温州、丽水等地造成了严重的灾害。面对历史罕见的超强台风袭击，我省各级党委、政府认真贯彻党中央、国务院及国家防总领导的重要指示精神，坚持以人为本，科学果断决策，迅速组织全省广大干部群众奋起防台抗灾，把超强台风灾害损失减少到了最低程度。     

福建:全力防抗共御天灾

2006年8月10日17时25分,福建省福鼎市沙埕港遭受今年第8号超强台风"桑美"的正面袭击."桑美"超强台风是我国台风强度重新分级后登陆的第一个超强台风,也是新中国成立之后有气象记录以来风力最强、破坏力最大的台风.面对这一史无前例、人力难以抗拒的特大自然灾害,在福建省委、省政府的坚强领导下,福建军民紧急动员,迅速行动,齐心协力,科学防御,奋起抗击,共御天灾,将人员伤亡和灾害损失降到了最低限度,取得了防台风工作的伟大胜利.     

2006年0608号“桑美”超强台风暴雨洪水分析

选摘了0608号“桑美”超强台风暴雨洪水现场实测记录作为分析依据;比照本场超强台风暴雨洪水,与历史台风暴雨洪水进行评述;归纳问题与看法供讨论。     

台风“莫拉克”防御成效及建议

本文分析了2009年第8号台风＂莫拉克＂的发展过程及其所带来的雨水情特点,总结了预报预警、指挥决策、应急处置等防御措施与成效,提出了进一步加强基层防台风组织体系建设、加强防台风基础设施和群防体系建设、加强山洪灾害监测预警和避险工作、建立防台减灾宣传教育长效机制、加强海峡两岸交流与合作等工作建议。     

2007年防汛抗旱大事记(五)

温家宝总理、回良玉副总理就防御超强台风“罗莎“作出重要批示党中央、国务院高度重视第16号超强台风“罗莎“的防御工作,温家宝总理10月6日作出重要批示,要通知有关地方切实做好防台的各项工作,加强检查,不留死角,特别要把保护人的生命安全放在第一位。国务院副总理、国家防汛抗旱总指挥部总指挥回良玉作出重要批示,要求     

陈雷:扎实做好防台风各项工作 最大程度减轻台风灾害损失

<正>5月19日,国家防总召开2010年防台风工作视频会议,贯彻落实全国防汛抗旱电视电话会议暨国家防汛抗旱总指挥部全体会议和回良玉副总理的重要讲话精神,总结交流近年防台风工作经验,研究讨论《关于加强防台风工作的意见》,安排部署今年的防台风工作。国家防总副总指挥、水利部部长陈雷强调,要立足于防御超强台风,从最不利情况着     

防御超强台风"桑美"的实践与思考

2006年，福建省连续遭受四次强（超强）台风袭击．其中第8号超强台风“桑美”给全省造成重大人员伤亡和惨重经济损失。面对这一史无前例、人力难以抗拒的特大自然灾害．在党中央、国务院和国家防总、水利部的关心支持下．在省委、省政府的坚强领导下．省防汛抗旱指挥部实行全省统一领导、统一指挥、统一调度．党政军民齐心协力、共御天灾，将灾害造成的破坏和损失降到了最低程度，台风防御工作取得了显著成效。     

防汛防台风动态

<正>9月28日,福建省委书记尤权主持召开全省防台风视频会议,全面部署台风"杜鹃"防御工作。副省长黄琪玉坐镇省防指,密切监视台风发展动向,及时部署各项防御措施。省防指根据台风发展情况将防台风应急响应由Ⅳ级逐步提升至Ⅰ级,多次发出通知对海堤巡堤查险、水库防洪保安、山洪地质灾害防御、城市防洪排涝、海上避险管理等工作进行重点部署。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。