印染废水组合工艺处理COD研究

针对印染废水有机物含量高、碱性大、难处理等特点,结合物化和生化处理印染废水的特征,比较了生化+高级氧化、生化+混凝的两种组合处理工艺的处理效果。研究表明,生化处理对印染废水的COD有较好的去除效果,COD去除率达40%,生化出水再经高级氧化处理后废水COD去除率高达70%以上,生化出水经混凝沉淀后废水COD去除率在56%左右。     

太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合处理含酚废水

研究了煤气含酚废水和模拟苯酚废水的太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合处理技术,比较了混凝法、太阳光Fenton氧化法及其联合技术对含酚废水的处理效果。结果表明,太阳光Fenton体系可有效地氧化降解含酚废水,但废水完全矿化所需的H2O2用量较大,导致处理成本较高。含酚废水直接采用混凝处理的效果不理想,CODCr和挥发酚去除率较低(6.5%～28.7%)。采用太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合技术处理中等浓度的煤气含酚废水,使其CODCr和挥发酚浓度达到国家二级排放标准,只需投加700mg/L的H2O2,而单纯采用太阳光Fenton氧化所需消耗的H2O2大于2800mg/L,即联合技术可节约H2O2用量3倍以上。结果还表明晴天下太阳光Fenton氧化反应45min与人工电紫外光Fenton氧化反应30min对含酚废水的处理效果相当。太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合技术具有能耗低、处理效率高、处理量大等特点,在环境治理领域具有更广阔的应用前景。     

PU革基布废水的处理实践

根据混凝沉淀-酸化水解-接触氧化-气浮工艺处理PU革基布废水的实践,对该工艺要点进行探讨,指出该工艺成功的关键在于混凝阶段以及污泥处理系统,但运行费用高及系统产生的污泥量多.     

汽车涂装废水综合处理技术及工程实践

汽车行业涂装废水主要含有重金属离子、表面活性剂、PO43-、颜料、有机溶剂等污染物,CODCr浓度高,可生化性差。采用分质、分类处理、混凝沉淀、混凝气浮、水解酸化、接触氧化、砂滤等工艺技术处理汽车涂装废水,出水可达到国家污水排放综合标准一级排放标准。     

印染废水处理新技术研究

在相同的实验条件下,通过分别改变pH值、七水硫酸亚铁、双氧水、混凝剂的加入量和沉淀时间,来观察印染废水的处理效果,从而得出最佳的实验条件。实验表明,Fenton氧化—混凝法适用于处理成分复杂的染料废水。     

印染废水处理新技术研究

在相同的实验条件下,通过分别改变pH值、七水硫酸亚铁、双氧水、混凝剂的加入量和沉淀时间,来观察印染废水的处理效果,从而得出最佳的实验条件。实验表明,Fenton氧化—混凝法适用于处理成分复杂的染料废水。     

油气田含硫废水化学混凝-臭氧氧化复合处理工艺

对油气田含硫废水来源、组成及危害进行分析,提出化学混凝-臭氧氧化复合处理的工艺技术。通过单因素和正交实验,对化学混凝及臭氧氧化处理的影响因素进行分析,得到了优化的工艺条件：①采用化学混凝处理时,混凝剂选用HNJFZ混凝剂（加量为3500mg/L）,絮凝剂选用FASG絮凝剂（加量为15mg/L）,体系的pH值为8～9;②采用臭氧氧化深度处理时,臭氧浓度为60mg/L,氧化时间为40min,pH值为10.0左右。采用上述复合处理工艺条件对含硫废水进行处理验证。验证结果显示,含硫废水的水色清澈,CODCr由6346mg/L降至98.5mg/L,S2-浓度由132mg/L降至0.897mg/L,去除率分别达到98.4%和99.3%,可满足污水综合排放标准（GB8978—1996）的要求。     

某分散染料化工废水的处理工程实例

针对某染料化工废水的高浓度、高盐分、高生物毒性的特点,采用中和-MVR除盐-电解-氧化-混凝沉淀-水解酸化-A/0-二沉池-混凝沉淀-BAF生物滤池的联合处理工艺对其进行处理.结合稳定运行结果显示,CODCr、SS、NH3-N、苯胺类的平均去除率分别为91.8％、96.6％、94.2％和98.6％,平均出水浓度分别为409 mg/L、29 mg/L,7 mg/L和4mg/L,满足且优于污水处理厂的接管标准,且出水水质稳定.     

铅锌选矿废水处理工艺设计

某铅锌矿选矿废水采用沉淀-吸附-混凝-调p H-回用的废水处理工艺,出水符合GB8978-96《污水综合排放标准》一级标准。实验结果表明,处理后废水可循环利用,而且运行成本较低,容易在企业中推行。     

液晶显示屏生产废水处理工程工艺设计

液晶显示屏化学清洗废水中含有大量的工业清洗剂,污染物成分复杂、COD浓度变化大、可生化性差,污染物分子结构稳定,一般物理化学方法很难降解。本研究利用"格栅+调节预曝气池+催化氧化塔+复合混凝沉淀"工艺处理液晶显示屏化学清洗废水,可使废水中的色度、COD、BOD5的去除率分别达到85%、92%、50%,出水各项指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中一级标准要求。     

一种泡沫钻井液废水的处理

空气(氮气)泡沫可循环钻井过程中,泡沫钻井液会产生大量废水,直接排放会对环境造成严重污染.泡沫钻井液废水COD值高,且富含表面活性剂,其单一处理技术存在一定的局限性.本研究对各种处理剂及其效果进行了比较,并对各处理过程中的关键影响因素进行对比分析,制订了“混凝-氧化-吸附”的组合处理工艺.实验结果表明,废水的pH值,处理剂的加入量,处理剂的作用时间等对于COD的去除均有一定影响.按照国家标准对处理后的废水进行COD测定,结果表明:聚合氯化铝、钠基膨润土、次氯酸钠和活性炭4种处理剂对此种泡沫废水的处理效果较好,其加入量分别为0.2％、1.4％、11.2％和1.2％,处理时间分别为5h、6h、7h和8h.通过多步骤的处理,成功将泡沫钻井液废水COD值从高达4560mg/L降至200mg/L以内,使其得到有效治理.     

降解生物质气化洗焦废水微生物的选择

选用首都师范大学生物系保存的菌种，采用单一菌种和混合菌种对生物质气化洗焦废水进行生物降解，选择有较好降解生物质气化焦废水能力的微生物。当洗焦废水含量为100mL/L时，单一菌种和混合菌种可使洗焦废水中的COD去除率分别达到58．3％和81．4％。混合菌种对洗焦废水的降解率明显高于单一菌种，当洗焦废水含量分别为150mL/L,200mL/L和300mL/L时，混合菌种S4对洗焦废水的COD去除率分别是63．6％，56．7％和51．2％，随着洗焦废水含量增加，微生物对其降解速度减慢，降解率降低。洗焦废水含量在100mL/L以下时，混合菌种对其有理想的降解效果。     

化工园区一体化水处理的技术经济难点及对策

我国石油和化工产业的废水排放量在全国工业各领域中居第一位,占整个工业排放废水量的20%左右。近些年,我国各地都采取了建立化学工业园区的方式,对工业废水集中处理。这种一体化水处理的方式具有许多显而易见的优势。一体化治理化工园区废水的做法符合行业的发展需要,也符合环境污染治理政策,是我国解决水资源短缺和水环境污染问题的重要措施。然而在化工园区采用一体化水处理模式的实践中,还存在和新出现了一些难点问题,需要认真研究并逐步加以解决。如投资者主体权益难以保证、风险难以控制;深度水处理技术和装备仍很缺乏;由于实施统一处理,限制了一些具有节水潜力企业自身的节水行为;难以掌握不同污水排放的规律性,水质呈现复合型污染状态;政府的鼓励政策难以发挥作用等。要解决这些问题,应建立一体化水处理逐级处理体系、分类处理体系和技术支撑体系,同时要建立与一体化水处理相适应的应急体系。     

石油化工催化剂生产废水处理国内技术进展

石油化工催化剂生产过程中产生的废水已经成为制约催化剂发展的重要瓶颈之一,由于其组成的特殊性,处理难度大,往往需要开发特殊的处理方法.综述了国内石油化工催化剂,包括白土催化剂、分子筛催化剂及聚烯烃催化剂生产废水的处理技术,其中废水中的悬浮物处理可采用微滤法和絮凝法,通过微滤或絮凝,废水中SS的脱除率可达90％以上;微滤法在处理悬浮物时具有速度快、效率高等优点;高氨氮废水可采用生物法、热泵闪蒸汽提法、离子交换法和耦合法进行处理,且将物理、化学、生物、吸附等技术进行耦合是废水处理的发展方向,经过耦合技术处理的氨氮废水可达到国家排放标准.就整个催化剂废水处理的目标而言,一是将废水中的有用成分分离出来加以再利用,二是将废水中的有害成分转化为无害成分排放,三是将废水处理至一定水平,然后循环使用.     

Hydrogen gas production from vinegar fermentation wastewater by electro-hydrolysis: Effects of initial COD content

Vinegar fermentation wastewater with different initial COD contents (9.66–48.6 g L⁻¹) were used for hydrogen gas production with simultaneous COD removal by electro-hydrolysis. The applied DC voltage was constant at 4 V. The highest cumulative hydrogen production (3197 ml), hydrogen yield (2766 ml H₂ g⁻¹ COD), hydrogen formation rate (799 ml d⁻¹), and percent hydrogen (99.5%) in the gas phase were obtained with the highest initial COD of 48.6 g COD L⁻¹. The highest energy efficiency (48%) was obtained with the lowest COD content of 9.66 g L⁻¹. Hydrogen gas production by water electrolysis was less than 250 ml and wastewater control resulted in less than 25 ml H₂ in 96 h. The highest (12%) percent COD removal was obtained with the lowest COD content. Hydrogen gas was produced by reaction of (H⁺) ions present in raw WW ( pH = 3.0) and protons released from acetic acid with electrons provided by electrical current. Electro-hydrolysis of vinegar wastewater was proven to be an effective method of H₂ gas production with some COD removal.     

Generation of electricity by the degradation of electro-Fenton pretreated latex wastewater using double chamber microbial fuel cell

A double chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) reactor with anode and cathode chamber separated by a Nafion proton exchange membrane was developed and performance was evaluated for treatment of electro Fenton pretreated latex processing and production wastewater containing chemical oxygen demand of 2660 and 780 mg L⁻¹, respectively. After 12 days, MFC treatment, the COD reduced to 133 mg/L (96%) and 86 mg/L (88.5%) for latex processing and production wastewater respectively. The MFC treatment system generated electrical energy of 1.57 and 1.04 Wh L⁻¹ for latex processing and production wastewaters respectively that was utilized to drive the electro-Fenton reactor. These results indicated that effective wastewater treatment, energy production, and discharge standards could be obtained in the system.     

Magnetic recyclable ZnO/SrFe12O19 photocatalyst for effective photodegradation of rhodamine B under simulated sunlight

This work develops a novel magnetic photocatalysts ZnO/SrFe₁₂O₁₉ (ZS) synthesized with hydrothermal process. The introduction of SrFe₁₂O₁₉ not only enhances the photocatalytic behavior of ZnO towards Rhodamine B (RhB) decomposition, but also reinforces the recycling stability. Especially, ZS-5 composite exhibits the optimal photocatalytic performance, and the RhB decomposition reaches 99.5% after being exposed to simulative sunlight for 70 min, which is obviously superior to that of bare ZnO. Furthermore, the ZS-5 can be recovered from RhB solution by an extra magnet space and reused. After five recycles, the RhB removal efficiency can still be maintained over 90%. Such prominent photocatalytic property and stability of ZS-5 are associated with the greatly improved detachment efficiency of photoexcited carriers in a magnetic field. This study could provide a new-type recyclable photocatalyst that can effectively purify dye wastewater for convenient recovery.     

Experimental evaluation of solar still efficiencies as a basic step in treatment of wastewater

The present study investigates a unit for making use of freshwater in a kiln in a practical manner. At first, in this unit, the saline wastewater flowing out of the MED unit in Mobin Petrochemical Complex enters a gravitational bed and is subjected to preliminary treatment. In the next stage, the same saline wastewater enters the first pretreatment reactor for undergoing a coagulation procedure; then, it enters a second biological reactor for undergoing both coagulation and biological treatment. Afterwards, the output current of the biological reactor enters a solar pond for the separation of the dissolved salt in the wastewater, for which, it enters an antiseptic system that uses ultraviolet (UV) for treatment. Finally, the saline wastewater is transformed into a soft treated current. In the present study, the performance of a solar condensation unit installed on the path of the output wastewater of the UV antiseptic unit has been examined. In this study, the thermal output, conduction output, and freshwater production output have been altogether subjected to practical evaluation. The results offered herein are indicative of the relative error rates equal to about 7.2% and 4.9% for thermal output of day and night, respectively. Moreover, the conduction efficiency relative errors have been about 7% and 5.6% for day and night, respectively. In addition, on average, the relative cumulative error of the thermal energy storage substrate's output was about 3.5% per day over a month.     

电混凝法处理电镀废水中的Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋

利用电混凝法处理含Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋的电镀废水,系统地考察了电解电压、进水pH值、极板间距、电解时间等因素对废水处理效果的影响,确定了最佳的电解条件。实验结果表明,电混凝法处理的电镀废水出水水质较好。当电压为80 V,pH值为5,电解时间30 min,极板间距为10 mm时,处理后的废水中Zn2＋浓度为0.36mg/L,去除率达到97.9%,Cu^2＋浓度为0.0049 mg/L,去除率达到99.9%,均可达到国家规定的排放标准,且该法运行方便,处理时间短,是较理想的电镀废水处理工艺。     

Utilizing acid-rich effluents of fermentative hydrogen production process as substrate for harnessing bioelectricity: An integrative approach

Lower substrate degradation is one of the limiting factors associated with fermentative hydrogen production process. To overcome this, an attempt was made to integrate microbial fuel cell (MFC) as a secondary energy generating process with the fermentative hydrogen (H₂) production. The acid-rich effluents generated from the acidogenic sequential batch biofilm reactor (AcSBBR) producing H₂ by fermenting vegetable waste was subsequently used as substrate for bioelectricity generation in single chambered MFC (air cathode; non-catalyzed electrodes). AcSBBR was operated at 70.4 kg COD/m³-day and the outlet was fed to the MFC at three variable organic loading rates. The final outlet from AcSBBR was composed of fermentative soluble acid intermediates along with residual carbon source. Experimental data illustrated the feasibility of utilizing acid-rich effluents by MFC for both additional energy generation and wastewater treatment. Higher power output (111.76 mW/m²) was observed at lower substrate loading condition. MFC also illustrated its function as wastewater treatment unit by removing COD (80%), volatile fatty acids (79%), carbohydrates (78%) and turbidity (65.38%) effectively. Fermented form of vegetable wastewater exhibited higher improvement (94%) in power compared to unfermented wastewater. The performance of MFC was characterized with respect to polarization behavior, cell potentials, cyclic voltammetry and sustainable power. This integration approach enhanced wastewater treatment efficiency (COD removal, 84.6%) along with additional energy generation demonstrating both environmental and economic sustainability of the process.