强制风冷柴油机冷却系统设计

本文采用CFD数值计算方法辅助风冷发动机冷却系统设计。设计时,首先采用经验方式确定发动机需求的冷却风量及散热功率,并初步确定散热肋片的设计方案;然后,依据CFD计算,考察肋片设计是否合理并根据认定合理的肋片结构确定冷却风道的阻力流量关系,依据这个关系选取风扇;最后在完整设计方案满足CFD计算的前提下,对设计方案进行台架试验。结果表明,理论计算及数值模拟相结合的方式能很好的应用到风冷发动机冷却系统设计中去。     

纯低温余热发电系统热工参数的设计优化

通过建立低温余热发电系统的热力学模型,定量分析和对比了不同热丁参数对低温余热发电系统设计性能的影响.研究表明:进口烟气温度、蒸汽压力以及节点温差是影响纯低温余热发电系统设计性能的主要热工参数,其它热工参数对系统性能的影响很小;提高进口烟气温度、降低蒸汽压力或减小节点温差,均可显著降低设计出口烟气温度,从而增大蒸发量,提高热效率;但是当系统对最低排烟温度有要求时,蒸汽压力和节点温差存在下限值.     

基于社会总投入最低的长沙市雨水系统设计重现期研究

设计重现期不仅是暴雨强度公式的重要组成部分,也是雨水排水系统规划与设计的重要参数,重现期选用的合理与否直接关系到城市防洪排涝的安全。为此,以长沙市新开铺污水厂纳污区的青山路、杉木冲路、湘府路三条支系为例,基于社会总投入最低的雨水系统设计重现期分析方法,合理地确定长沙市雨水系统设计重现期。结果表明,长沙市雨水系统规划设计重现期对于一般地区重现期推荐取值3年,重要地区重现期推荐取值5年,为减少城市发生道路积水与内涝提供了参考。     

现代发动机曲轴箱通风系统设计研究

近年来,随着排放法规的升级以及发动机可靠性能力提高,对曲轴箱通风系统设计提出巨大的挑战,主要表现为:1对于柴油机,为了降低曲轴箱排放物对环境的污染,闭式曲轴箱通风系统成为必然趋势;2对于汽油机,随着发动机强化程度提高(尤其是增压直喷发动机),同排量发动机漏气量急剧增加,但对曲轴箱通风系统机油携出量、曲轴箱压力都提出了更加严格的要求,从而造成系统设计难度大幅提升。本文基于一汽自主发动机开发过程中积累的大量经验,对曲轴箱通风系统设计过程中所采用的通风通道设计技术、油气分离及回油技术、曲轴箱压力控制技术及CAE模拟分析技术等进行了详细论述。     

高效工业燃气轮机回热器的设计可靠性

不断要求节省燃料促进了然气轮机的高效设计和高效运行。为了节省更多的燃料,回热器必须在较高温度和压力下工作,并且必须经受频繁的启,仃循环。本文介绍了回热器的设计思想、设计方法及确定其最终设计的全尺寸试验,特别强调回热器和所用材料试验的重要性。作为可靠设计的需要,本文还将工作条件下的材料数据与表列数据作了比较。     

循环流化床锅炉物料循环系统设计探讨

在分析循环流化床锅炉物料循环系统压力平衡和立管压降的基础上,提出了物料循环系统中立管、L阀和U阀的设计计算方法和主要设计参数的确定,为循环流化床锅炉物料循环系统的正确设计和合理运行提供了参考。     

压力容器设计压力的合理确定

建立了预测钢制压力容器实际最大载荷的力学模型，认为实际最大栽荷与其理论预测值之比，是符合正态分布的随机变量；应用可靠性设计方法分析它们的分布参数；并对如何合理确定设计压力进行了分析与探讨。     

PLC技术在煤矿皮带运输集控系统设计中的应用研究

针对PLC技术主要构成、基础内容、技术特点等内容展开分析,从设计要求分析、确定使用方法、控制开关设计、系统模拟量设计、集控系统设计、生产系统设计、保护功能设计、故障识别设计等方面进行阐述,研究提升监控管理水平、优化信息处理过程、加大系统监控力度等措施,以期充分发挥PLC技术的应用价值,提升运输集控系统运行过程的稳定性。     

燃气锅炉集中供暖监控系统设计

采用了一种供热管网多点测控系统的设计原理和实现方法,针对用户可自我调节温度的集中供热要求进行了自动控制系统设计.该系统能够根据室外温度和用户热量进行自动控制.     

事故后安全壳内环境条件计算分析

以M 310＋型核电厂为例,计算分析了设计基准事故以及严重事故后安全壳内压力、温度环境条件。对核电厂设计基准事故和严重事故分析分别采用了法国的安全壳热工水力计算分析程序PAREO和一体化严重事故分析程序MAAP。计算分析给出了设计基准事故和严重事故下安全壳压力、大气温度和露点温度的峰值随时间变化曲线。计算结果表明设计基准事故和严重事故后,安全壳压力峰值工况均以MSLB为始发事故;设计基准事故后安全壳压力峰值为0.511 8 MPa,严重事故后安全壳压力峰值为0.602 MPa。     

广东台山核电站稳压器卸压箱热工设计方法

根据理想气体状态方程、质量守恒定律、能量守恒定律,假定热力平衡态卸压箱中为饱和蒸汽,推导了核电站稳压器卸压箱的容积设计方法,探讨了不同温度和压力限值对卸压箱容积设计的影响,以及如何确定水位控制范围,并对台山一期核电站的稳压器卸压箱和鼓泡管喷嘴处的热工参数进行了核算．结果表明：推导出的稳压器卸压箱的热工参数完全符合工程设计实际情况,为国内压水堆核电站稳压器卸压箱的热工设计提供了思路．     

AP1000设计基准事故试验热冲击过程数值模拟

针对AP1000核电厂安全级设备鉴定设计基准事故(DBA)模拟试验第1s热冲击过程,构建了过热蒸汽由储汽罐充入试验仓的模型.利用Fluent流体计算软件对瞬态热冲击过程进行了数值模拟,得到试验系统内气体温度、压力、流速、组分质量分数瞬态变化过程及其空间分布状态.结果表明:超音速蒸汽射流进入试验仓,经挡板减速并改变方向,与仓内空气混合,同时压缩空气,使仓内介质温度和压力快速上升并达到要求值;试验仓内瞬态压力分布均匀,但温度分布取决于蒸汽的流动,随着蒸汽不断充满试验仓,1s后仓内温度分布趋于均匀;储汽罐释放高温高压过热蒸汽充入试验仓的工艺可以满足DBA试验第1s热冲击试验要求.     

A technical note on application of internally finned tubes in solar parabolic trough absorber pipes

The heterogeneous incoming heat flux in solar parabolic trough absorber tubes generates huge temperature difference in each pipe section. Helical internal fins can reduce this effect, homogenising the temperature profile and reducing thermal stress with the drawback of increasing pressure drop. Another effect is the decreasing of the outer surface temperature and thermal losses, improving the thermal efficiency of the collector. The application of internal finned tubes for the design of parabolic trough collectors is analysed with computational fluid dynamics tools. Our numerical approach has been qualified with the computational estimation of reported experimental data regarding phenomena involved in finned tube applications and solar irradiation of parabolic trough collector. The application of finned tubes to the design of parabolic trough collectors must take into account issues as the pressure losses, thermal losses and thermo-mechanical stress, and thermal fatigue. Our analysis shows an improvement potential in parabolic trough solar plants efficiency by the application of internal finned tubes.     

新型布雷顿循环氦气轮机发电系统设计及验证

以功率不低于100 MW的新型布雷顿循环氦气轮机发电系统为研究对象,通过敏感性分析确定了涡轮入口温度、部件效率、压比、堆芯入口温度等主要参数对性能的影响,并开展了总体性能计算、总体结构设计和模化部件试验验证。结果表明:设计的发电系统输出电功率119 MW、发电效率高达47.54%,循环经济性好;最大直径仅5.7 m,相比于传统动力形式的换热设备,结构更紧凑。     

基于OPC规范的火电厂监控信息系统研究

主要研究基于COM／DCOM技术的组件化程序设计思想,设计火电厂厂级监控信息系统。监控信息系统的通信接口,采用符合OPC规范的标准OPC接口（OPC客户程序和OPC服务器程序）,充分发挥OPC接口同一、开放的特性,为火电厂组成开放的、灵活的厂级监控信息系统提供了一种新的实现途径。     

Life improvement in high temperature components for advanced power engineering

Advanced power engineering rely on technological solutions allowing the design, construction and operation of power plants according to the state of the art, extending the limits of available materials for higher cycle efficiencies, for improved reliability and availability of the systems, and assuring in the meanwhile longer service lives.

Elevated temperature components, high pressure and high energy sections might be considered relevant with respect to time behaviour of the plant, since load-bearing structural materials are mainly subjected to metallurgical ageing, creep processes due to temperature exposure, thermomechanical and low cycle fatigue induced by load histories, as well as crack initiation and growth. Life improvement objective has to be fully considered and assumes a twofold application: i) at the design and construction stage, with the introduction of new materials and/or adopting better reference data and validated extrapolation procedures; ii) for existing plants, managing proper life extension methodologies integrated with plant rejuvenation, refurbishment or repowering decisions.

In the following, attention will be devoted to still open questions which are susceptible to contribute to the goal of safe and reliable, high efficiency thermal power plants, as residual life evaluation in components under multiaxial stress state, on-line plant monitoring, non destructive techniques and expert systems for residual life assessment and in situ repair/treatment techniques.     

纯低温余热发电系统的优化分析

通过建立纯低温余热发电系统的热力学模型,计算分析了过热蒸汽压力、进口烟气温度和节点温差等因素对纯低温余热发电系统发电性能的影响.结果表明:在设计纯低温余热发电系统时,存在一优化过热蒸汽压力,使得纯低温余热发电系统的单位烟气发电功率最大;随着进口烟气温度的升高,系统单位烟气发电功率增大,对应的优化过热蒸汽压力升高;而随着节点温差的增大,系统单位烟气发电功率减小,对应的优化过热蒸汽压力降低.     

Framework design of a hybrid energy system by combining wind farm with small gas turbine power plants

Owing to the stochastic characteristic of natural wind speed, the output fluctuation of wind farm has a negative impact on power grid when a large-scale wind farm is connected to a power grid. It is very difficult to overcome this impact only by wind farm itself. A novel power system called wind-gas turbine hybrid energy system was discussed, and the framework design of this hybrid energy system was presented in detail in this paper. The hybrid energy system combines wind farm with several small gas turbine power plants to form an integrated power station to provide a relatively firm output power. The small gas turbine power plant has such special advantages as fast start-up, shutdown, and quick load regulation to fit the requirement of the hybrid energy system. Therefore, the hybrid energy system uses the output from the small gas turbine power plants to compensate for the output fluctuation from the wind farm for the firm output from the whole power system. To put this hybrid energy system into practice, the framework must be designed first. The capacity of the wind farm is chosen according to the capacity and units of small gas turbine power plants, load requirement from power grid, and local wind energy resource distribution. Finally, a framework design case of hybrid energy system was suggested according to typical wind energy resource in Xinjiang Autonomous Region in China.     

Reduction of CO2 capture plant energy requirement by selecting a suitable solvent and analyzing the operating parameters

Among various developed methods for CO₂ capturing from industrial flue gases, chemical absorption system is still considered as the most efficient technique, because of its lower energy requirement and also its applicability for low concentration of CO₂ in the inlet gas stream. Also, it can be used to retrofit the existed power plants, which are the major industrial CO₂ emission sources, without changing their design condition. Selection of a suitable solvent is the first parameter that should be considered in the design of capture plants that use absorption technology. The most important challenge for using chemical solvents is finding the optimum operating conditions to minimize the energy requirement. Study of technical parameters can be helpful to improve the overall capture plant efficiency. In this paper, CO₂ capture plant has been simulated for different solvents to compare their performance and energy requirement. To improve the plant overall efficiency, effect of the main operating factors such as amine flow rate, temperature, inlet gas temperature, and pressure has been studied in this paper. This analysis indicates the best chemical solvent for various cases of inlet flue gas. This parametric study reduces the overall energy requirement and helps design a cost‐effective plant. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新一轮大型空冷电站设计的思路

在总结亚临界空冷电站设计经验的基础上,结合超临界空冷电站的设计,提出了新一轮空冷电站设计的若干技术问题.并从空冷汽轮机标准化的角度,对空冷汽轮机功率定义及其背压的选择提出了建议,可供从事电力建设的工作者参考。