基于分级神经网络的Web文档模糊聚类技术

给出了一种多层向量空间模型,该模型将一篇文档的相关信息从逻辑上划分为多个相对独立的文本段,按照不同位置的文本段确定相应的索引项权重．然后提出了一种简明而有效的基于分级神经网络的模糊聚类算法．与现有方法不同,该模糊聚类方法采用自组织神经网络和模糊聚类网络两部分组成的3层神经网络来实现．首先采用自组织神经网络从原始数据产生一个初始聚类结果,然后运用FCM方法对初始聚类的数目进行优化．实验结果表明,提出的Web文档聚类算法具有较好的聚类特性,它能将与一个主题相关的web文档较完全和准确地聚成一类．     

基于模糊核LVQ的Sammon非线性映射算法

提出了一种基于可靠稳定的模糊核学习矢量量化（FKLVQ）聚类的Sammon非线性映射新算法。该方法通过Mercer核，将数据空间映射到高维特征空间，并在此特征空间上进行FKLVQ学习获取数据空间有效且稳定的聚类权矢量，然后在特征空间和输出空间上仅针对各空间的数据样本和它们各自的聚类权矢量进行Sammon非线性核映射。这样既降低了计算的复杂度，又使数据空间和输出空间上数据点与聚类中心间的距离信息保持相似。仿真结果验证了该方法的可靠性和稳定性。     

基于径向基函数的多目标回归特征构建算法

多目标回归（MTR）是一种针对单个样本同时具有多个连续型输出的回归问题。现有的多目标回归算法都基于同一个特征空间学习回归模型,而忽略了各输出目标本身的特殊性质。针对这一问题,提出基于径向基函数的多目标回归特征构建算法。首先,将各目标的输出作为额外的特征对各输出目标进行聚类,根据聚类中心在原始特征空间构成了目标特定特征空间的基;然后,通过径向基函数将原始特征空间映射到目标特定特征空间,构造目标特定的特征,并基于这些目标特定特征构建各输出目标的基回归模型;最后,用基回归模型的输出组成隐藏空间,采用低秩学习算法在其中发掘和利用输出目标之间的关联。在18个多目标回归数据集上进行实验,并把所提算法与层叠单目标回归（SST）、回归器链集成（ERC）、多层、多目标回归（MMR）等经典的多目标回归算法进行对比,结果表明所提算法在14个数据集上都取得了最好的性能,并且在18个数据集上的平均性能排序居第一位。可见所提算法构建的目标特定特征能够提高各输出目标的预测准确性,并结合低秩学习得到输出目标间的关联性以从整体上提升多目标回归的预测性能。     

基于模糊子空间聚类的0 阶岭回归TSK 模糊系统

经典数据驱动型TSK模糊系统在利用高维数据训练模型时,由于规则前件采用的特征过多,导致规则的解释性和简洁性下降.对此,根据模糊子空间聚类算法的子空间特性,为TSK模型添加特征抽取机制,并进一步利用岭回归实现后件的学习,提出一种基于模糊子空间聚类的0阶岭回归TSK模型构建方法.该方法不仅能为规则抽取出重要子空间特征,而且可为不同规则抽取不同的特征.在模拟和真实数据集上的实验结果验证了所提出方法的优势.     

融合SOM和改进PSO的Web文档集成聚类算法

随着信息的爆炸式增长,现有的搜索引擎在很多方面不能满足人们的需要。Web文档聚类可以减小搜索空间,加快检索速度,提高查询精度。提出了一种融合SOM（Self-Organizing Maps）粗聚类和改进PSO（Particle Swarm Optimization）细聚类的Web文档集成聚类算法。首先根据向量空间模型表示法,用特征词条及其权值表示Web文档信息,其次用SOM算法对文档特征集进行粗聚类,得到一组输出权值,然后用这组权值初始化改进的PSO算法,用改进PSO算法对此聚类结果进行细化,最终实现Web文档聚类。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效提高文档查询的查准率和查全率,具有一定的实用价值。     

逐维聚类的相似度索引算法

随着多媒体信息技术的迅速发展，多维度索引技术在图像、视频等可视信息的存储、检索方面成为一个重要的研究领域，针对“维数危机”难题，提出逐维聚类相似度索引算法，该算法根据数据集的分布特性，对特征矢量的每一维进行聚类，算法在实现检索时可以逐步滤除与查询矢量不相似的数据集，缩小检索范围，进而提高了检索速度，实验结果表明，逐维聚类算法适用于基于相似度的高维数据矢量检索和查询，是一种简单、灵活的索引结构。     

堆叠隐空间模糊C 均值聚类算法

基于极限学习机理论, 将主成分分析技术与ELM特征映射相结合, 提出一种基于主成分分析的压缩隐空间构建新方法. 结合多层神经网络学习方法对隐空间进行多层融合, 进一步提出了堆叠隐空间模糊C 均值聚类算法,从而提高对非线性数据的学习能力. 实验结果表明, 所提出算法在处理复杂非线性数据时更加高效、稳定, 同时克服了模糊聚类算法对模糊指数的敏感性问题.

     

Deep Web数据源聚类与分类

随着Internet信息的迅速增长,许多Web信息已经被各种各样的可搜索在线数据库所深化,并被隐藏在Web查询接口下面.传统的搜索引擎由于技术原因不能索引这些信息--Deep Web信息.本文分析了Deep Web查询接口的各种类型,研究了基于查询接口特征的数据源聚类方法和基于聚类结果的数据源分类方法,讨论了从基于规则与线性文档分类器中抽取查询探测集的规则抽取算法和Web文档数据库分类的查询探测算法.     

基于改进型模糊聚类的模糊系统建模方法

结合减法聚类和模糊C均值聚类,提出了一种改进型聚类算法,加快了收敛速度．利用改进后的算法对模糊系统输入或输出的样本集聚类,对聚类结果采用Trust-Region法拟合高斯型和S型函数,以实现模糊系统输入、输出空间的划分和隶属度函数参数的确定．结合MATLAB的模糊和曲线拟合工具箱,详述了如何在标准算法上进行改进和模糊系统建模．通过对IRIS标准数据聚类实验以及在解决机械加工误差复映问题上的应用,验证了改进后算法和建模方法的有效性．     

一种新的P2P空间矢量数据索引网络的研究*

针对当前P2PGIS研究在多尺度、多图层空间矢量数据索引方面的不足,从应用实际出发,提出了一种新的P2P空间矢量数据索引网络。该网络扩展了已有的混合式索引网络结构体系,利用金字塔融合多尺度构建分布式四叉索引树;在此基础上,提出相应的分布式空间矢量数据的查询算法,并用数学方法进行了性能分析。原型系统性能测试结果表明,该索引网络能有效地减少网络负担,提高空间索引的效率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.