结合活动轮廓模型的无监督纹理图像分割

定义了清晰度参数、细节信号能量参数和边缘信号能量参数3个纹理参数,对图像的纹理特征进行分析,以获取原图像的特征能量图;再利用基于简化Mumford-Shah的活动轮廓模型对图像进行纹理分割,该分割模型能较好地处理模糊、缺省的边界,同时具有去噪的功能．利用水平集方法求解该模型,解决了演化曲线拓扑可变的问题．与传统的纹理分析方法相比,文中方法能更好地表达图像中复杂纹理的信号特征．通过对合成纹理图与自然纹理图进行分割及大量实验结果表明：该方法能有效、快速地分割纹理图像．     

基于神经网络的遥感图像海陆语义分割方法

针对海陆语义分割中陆地、码头形状多样,背景目标复杂等情况造成的像素分类错误、边界分割模糊等问题,提出了一种新的基于深度卷积神经网络的遥感图像海陆语义分割方法。该方法以端对端的训练方式实现了对目标的逐像素分类,为了解决海陆分割中像素分类错误,设计以不同尺度图像为输入的三个并行的编码结构,通过融合不同尺度的特征图,丰富特征代表算子的语义信息,增大像素分类准确率。为了解决海陆分割中边界分割模糊,通过设计能够融合编码结构中低层精细位置信息的解码结构,对特征图进行更加精确的上采样,恢复像素的密集位置信息,提高海陆分割准确度。为有效验证所提网络框架的优势,构建了海陆分割数据集HRSC2016-SL进行算法性能比较。与最新的语义分割算法相比,所提算法取得了更好的分割结果。     

基于局部特征的自适应快速图像分割模型

基于区域的活动轮廓模型如Chan-Vese(CV)模型等以其能较好的处理图像的模糊边界和复杂拓扑结构而广泛运用于图像分割中.然而基于灰度分布均匀假设,该模型对于含灰度不一致性的目标分割结果较差.此外,纹理是周期性重复出现的细节,依靠灰度信息无法正确检测.针对这些问题,提出一种基于局部特征的自适应快速图像分割模型.一方面,利用两种区域项检测卡通部分和纹理部分的特征信息,在自适应的局部块中提取局部统计信息以克服卡通部分的灰度不一致性;另一方面,利用自适应的局部块中的纹理特征来计算背景和目标区域的Kullback-Leibler (KL)距离以检测图像的纹理部分.进一步,基于分裂Bregman方法对该模型进行快速求解.分别对医学和纹理图像进行了实验,准确性和时效性都有显著提高.     

多分辨模型下的无监督统计纹理分割算法

针对基于统计的纹理分割算法存在的不足,提出了一种新的多分辨模型下的无监督统计纹理分割算法。该算法分层次对纹理图像进行动态分割,有效地利用了不同分辨率上最能表述某一纹理特性的统计特征,然后结合纹理的结构信息对边缘区域进行边界提取,进而得到较准确的纹理分割图。实验证明了这种区域与边界相结合的算法对纹理图像的分割具有高效、准确、通用性强的特点。     

基于纹理分水岭的斜坡单元提取算法

斜坡单元在以滑坡为主的地质灾害预防和评价中有着广泛的应用，其提取和划分是滑坡灾害风险评估的首要工作和重要基础。针对传统地理信息系统（GIS）方法提取的斜坡单元存在平行边界和误分割问题，提出了基于纹理分水岭的斜坡单元提取方法，通过分割地形图像划分斜坡单元。首先通过预处理地形数据得到数字高程模型（DEM）图像，利用灰度共生矩阵提取DEM纹理特征；然后计算融合灰度和纹理特征的梯度图像，对梯度图像进行基于标记的分水岭分割，使其能够准确获取山体和流域边界；最后，结合正负地形，对山体对象进行分水岭分割以实现斜坡单元的提取。实验结果表明，所提方法对不同地貌类型和分辨率的DEM图像都有良好的划分效果；相较于传统的GIS方法，该方法能够正确分割水平面和倾斜面，有效避免因洼地填平处理而产生的平行边界问题。     

应用谱直方图相似性的纹理图像分割研究

提出基于谱直图相似性的纹理图像分割算法,在提出的纹理分割算法中,无需选择种子点。首先通过使用一组滤波器来获取纹理图像的纹理特征,基于空域/频域的表示方法,使用谱直方图作为特征统计,然后利用x²统计特征度量谱直方图之间的相似性,得到初始分割,然后基于形态学骨架化的原理,对区域边界进行精确定位,得到最终的分割结果。实验结果验证了算法的有效性。     

一种结合多特征的SVM图像分割方法

在分析了频域相位信息和纹理信息在表征图像特征方面的重要性之后,提出了一种结合相位一致和纹理特征的SVM图像分割方法。该方法将相位一致性统计特征、纹理特征和灰度特征一起组合成训练特征向量,采用支持向量机分类方法对图像进行分割。相对于传统方法,该方法提取的统计特征向量可以有效地反映图像边缘细节和纹理信息。实验结果表明,该方法比传统的SVM图像分割方法更有效,尤其适用于图像中目标区域的边缘对比度低和纹理信息丰富的情形。     

基于小波变换的纹理图像分割

基于小波的纹理图像分割方法是把小波变换应用于纹理的特征提取。通过对原始纹理图像进行高阶小波分解，构成每个象素对应一个特征矢量，对所提取的特征利用均值举类算法进行分类，最终获得图像的分割结果。为了提高纹理分割图像的边缘准确性和区域性以及降低分割错误率，提出了利用特征加权来进行后分割的方法。     

基于深度学习的海岸线边缘检测网络模型

海岸线的动态监测对海岸带的规划管理具有非常重要的意义。由于海陆环境错综复杂,遥感影像中海陆边界光谱特征不明显,导致提取的海岸线定位不准确。提出一种融合语义分割网络和边缘检测网络的深度卷积神经网络模型(EWNet)。该模型包含2个分支流：语义分割流负责提取分层语义信息并用来指导边缘检测流获取岸线语义信息;边缘检测流通过语义分割流完善边缘语义信息。在“高分一号”遥感图像上的实验结果表明,与几种最新网络模型相比,EWNet获得了更精确的海岸线边界提取结果。     

沉浸式环境下数字图像的两相流纹理特征提取

数字图像的应用范围逐渐扩大,在对其研究后发现两相流纹理是影响图像应用效果的重要因素之一,为对其进行更好的控制,需要使用提取方法获取此纹理特征.但目前使用的纹理特征提取方法由于图像分割效果较差,导致其提取查全率较低.因此,设计沉浸式环境下数字图像的两相流纹理特征提取方法.构建图像预处理环节,对原始图像展开灰度图像处理、滤波以及基础分割等处理.使用Rand指数控制分割结果精度,同时对分割误差进行一致性处理.使用改进EHD作为纹理提取方法的设计蓝本,设定特征提取门限值,实现高精度纹理特征提取.仿真结果表明,上述方法的查全率与查准率均较高,适用于实际两相流纹理特征提取.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.