WSN中一种基于EDC的机会路由协议

对于有损链接无线网络,机会路由的性能优于传统单播路由,然而由于无线传感器网络具有很强的占空比特性,使得现有的机会路由协议不适用于无线传感器网络。为此,提出一种基于占空比唤醒估计值(EDC)的机会路由协议,将EDC度量的关键特性作为路由度量,以支持分布式计算,从而生成无回路路由拓扑。通过理论分析表明EDC度量可以近似得出报文转发需要的占空比唤醒真实值。Twist和Motelab测试床上的实验结果证明,与基于预期传输次数的机会路由协议相比,该协议在无线电占空比值、时延和转发节点数量等方面性能更优。     

移动自组网中匿名通信方案

由于传统Ad hoc通信协议通常采用过多的公钥运算,导致路由建立时间延长。传统的基于公/私钥的签名方案暴露了节点的身份信息,不能满足匿名性的需求。针对以上问题提出了一种适用于小型Ad Hoc网络的可认证的匿名通信协议。通过移动代理对源节点和目标节点进行判别并对节点信息进行隐藏,降低了网络延迟。通过成员函数动态建立的路由控制信息,解决了单个节点的离线造成路径中断的问题。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该协议较传统协议在路由建立时间和信息投递率方面有较大的提高。另外该协议建立的匿名链接具有双向性,在一定程度上降低了协议损耗。     

基于身份加密的机会网络安全路由架构

机会网络整合了容迟网络、移动自组织网络、社会网络等多种概念,可通过移动节点的相遇性机会实现消息的传输与共享,针对机会网络中目前较为流行的基于社会上下文的路由转发协议,设计了基于身份加密的安全架构来保证节点社会上下文的隐私性以及消息的机密性:通过可搜索的加密算法为每一个节点的社会属性设置相应的陷门,使得中继节点在可计算自...     

Ad Hoc网络中基于位置的安全路由协议

在移动Ad Hoc网络环境下,基于位置的路由协议使用位置信息进行报文的转发,在性能方面明显优于基于拓扑图的路由协议。现在虽然研究Ad Hoc中安全路由协议的很多,但是却很少考虑到基于位置的路由协议的安全性。在网格定位服务(GLS)的基础上,提出了安全的新协议。新协议补充了TESLA方案,添加了新节点加入网络的认证过程,以适应Ad Hoc 网络高移动性和高灵活性的特点,从而可以有效地抵御外部节点的攻击。最后的仿真结果显示,当有中断攻击节点存在的情况下,新协议有效地孤立了攻击节点,性能上优于GLS。     

一种分簇无线传感器网络多维节点信誉管理方案

目前分簇无线传感器网络的节点信誉管理方案存在信誉值计算、更新及维护代价高,节点抗恶意哄抬及恶意抵毁能力弱等问题。将无线传感器节点分为簇头节点和普通传感器节点,将两类节点在事件感知、报文传输以及数据融合等方面的正常及异常行为作为评价基础,提出一种多维节点信誉管理方案。最后,将该方案和AOMDV反应式路由相结合,设计了一种基于节点可信的路由协议STA。仿真结果表明,该协议能够在不可信环境下实现分簇无线传感器网络中较高的数据传输率和传输成功率。     

机会网络路由协议

在机会网络中由于网络稀疏、节点移动和通信范围等因素的影响,有可能出现网络分裂或节点脱网,源节点和目的节点之间不一定存在完整的端到端路径,这为路由协议的设计带来巨大挑战,此问题近年来引起了研究人员越来越多的关注。首先介绍了机会网络的基本概念、体系结构和特点等;然后阐述了机会网络路由协议研究的进展,概括了机会网络路由协议中的新机制,对现有路由协议进行分类并详述它们的基本原理;通过比较对各种协议的特点进行分析阐述,最后给出未来研究的方向。     

一种Ad Hoc网络中安全的网格路由协议

在大而密集的移动Ad Hoc网络环境下，基于位置的路由协议使用位置信息进行报文的转发，在性能方面明显优于基于拓扑图的路由协议．现在虽然研究Ad Hoc中安全路由协议的文章很多，但是却很少有人考虑到基于位置的路由协议的安全性．该文在网格定位服务（Grid Location Service，GLS）的基础上，提出了安全的网格路由协议（Secure Grid Routing Protocol，SGRP）．SGRP补充了TESLA方案，添加了新节点加入网络的认证过程，以适应Ad Hoc网络高移动性和高灵活性的特点，从而可以有效地抵御外部节点的攻击．为了清晰表述SGRP处理报文的流程，文章使用形式语言自动机进行描述，并对其中关键的认证过程做了形式化分析．SGRP还提出了一种信誉系统，使得节点可以通过综合的信誉信息，限制内部背叛节点的恶意行为．最后的仿真结果显示，当有中断攻击节点存在的情况下，SGRP有效地孤立了攻击节点，性能上优于GLS．     

基于社会组的高投递率机会网络路由协议

针对现有的基于社会组的机会网络路由协议（SGBR）存在中继节点的选择和消息副本数量的分配不合理的问题,提出了基于社会组的高投递率机会网络路由协议（SGBRHDR）。SGBRHDR协议是一种采用分布式划分社会组的多副本路由协议。在社会组内,节点依据平均关系强度值决定相遇节点是否成为转发节点;在社会组间,节点依据相遇节点所在的社会组活跃性大小分配消息副本数量。采用ONE工具对SGBRHDR协议进行了仿真,仿真结果表明：与SGBR协议相比,SGBRHDR协议减小了消息平均端到端时延的同时,消息投递成功率提高了18%。     

基于关键节点的域内路由保护算法

随着互联网规模的膨胀,大量的实时应用部署在互联网上,这些实时应用对网络时延提出了更加严格的要求。然而,目前互联网部署的域内路由协议无法满足实时应用对网络时延的要求,因此提高域内路由可用性成为了一项亟待解决的关键性科学问题。学术界和工业界提出利用路由保护方案来提高路由可用性,从而减少由于网络故障造成的网络中断和报文丢失。已有的路由保护方案将网络中的节点同等对待,没有考虑节点在网络中的重要程度,然而实际情况并非如此。因此,提出了一种基于关键节点的域内路由保护算法(Intra-domain Routing Protection Algorithm Based on Critical Nodes,RPBCN)。首先,建立路由可用性模型,以定量衡量路由可用性;其次,建立节点关键度模型,以定量衡量网络中节点的重要程度;最后,基于路由可用性模型和节点关键度模型,提出基于关键节点的域内路由保护方案。实验结果表明,RPBCN在保证路由可用性的前提下极大地降低了算法的计算开销,从而为ISP解决路由可用性问题提供了一种全新的高效解决方案。     

一种基于改进RTS/CTS的MANET高效报文转发策略

MANET网络由可自主移动的无线节点组成。节点的自主移动导致了链路路由的改变,因此需要有一个机制维护和发现路由信息。目前人们已经针对MANET网络提出了几种路由协议,但这些路由协议都是基于IP的且路由维护的代价高,这严重影响了MANET网络的稳定性、可扩展性和用户有效带宽。本文提出了一种基于改进RTS/CTS的MANET高效报文转发策略。该策略对标准IEEE 802.11协议进行了修改,利用改进的RTS/CTS报文信息,进行报文转发,从而避免了使用MANET网络路由协议给网络性能带来的影响。使用改进的NS-2模拟了基于改进RTS/CTS的MANET高效报文转发策略。模拟结果表明:该策略可以有效地降低路由维护的开销并降低报文传输的延迟。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.