Fabrication and characterization of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) electrospun nanofibrous membranes containing silver nanoparticles for antibacterial water filtration

Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) were fabricated based on chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) with a 70/30 mass ratio containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via the electrospinning method. AgNPs were produced on the surface of CS/PVA nanofibers by adding AgNO₃ to a CS/PVA blend solution as a silver rendering component. The presence of AgNPs in the polymer blend solution was detected by UV spectrophotometry. The morphology of nanofibers before and after cross-linking with glutaraldehyde was investigated by the field emission scanning electron microscopy. The formation and size distribution of AgNPs onto the surface of nanofibers were observed by transmission electron microscopy and confirmed by energy dispersing X-ray spectroscopy. As-spun and cross-linked CS/PVA nanofibers revealed a smooth surface with diameters ranging from 58 to 73 nm and 95 to 109 nm, respectively. The effect of AgNP formation on the chemical structure of nanofibers was explored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Static and dynamic antibacterial filtration efficiencies of CS/PVA ENMs, containing differing amounts of AgNO₃, have been tested against Escherichia coli, a gram negative bacterium. The antibacterial assessment results exhibited a significant increase in both static and dynamic antibacterial filtration efficiencies of the prepared CS/PVA ENMs by addition of AgNO₃ as a bactericidal agent.     

Development of silver nanoparticles‐loaded calcium alginate beads embedded in gelatin scaffolds for use as wound dressings

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)‐loaded calcium alginate beads embedded in gelatin scaffolds were developed to sustain and maintain the release of silver (Ag⁺) ions over an extended time period. The UV irradiation technique was used to reduce Ag⁺ ions in alginate solution to AgNPs. The average sizes of AgNPs ranged between ca 20 and ca 22 nm. The AgNPs‐loaded calcium alginate beads were prepared by electrospraying of a sodium alginate solution containing AgNPs into calcium chloride (CaCl₂) solution. The AgNPs‐loaded calcium alginate beads were then embedded into gelatin scaffolds. The release characteristics of Ag⁺ ions from both the AgNPs‐loaded calcium alginate beads and the AgNPs‐loaded calcium alginate beads embedded in gelatin scaffolds were determined in either deionized water or phosphate buffer solution at 37 °C for 7 days. Moreover, the AgNPs‐loaded calcium alginate beads embedded in gelatin scaffolds were tested for their antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Preparation of AgNPs/PS composite via reverse microemulsion polymerization

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in reverse microemulsions using silver nitrate as silver source, hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent, n‐heptane as oil phase, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant, and isoamyl alcohol as cosurfactant. A uniform silver nanoparticles/polystyrene (AgNPs/PS) composite was further prepared by a reverse microemulsion polymerization method. The morphologies and structures of the AgNPs and the AgNPs/PS composite were characterized by UV‐visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the molecular weight of the AgNPs/PS composite was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the thermal stability of the AgNPs/PS composite was determined by thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis. Results show that the AgNPs have a particle size of 3–10 nm, and are almost spherical, uniform, and monodisperse both in a AgNPs colloid and in the AgNPs/PS composite. There are no characteristic peaks of silver oxide in the synthetic AgNPs and AgNPs/PS composite. The AgNPs/PS composite has a better thermal stability and a higher molecular weight than virgin PS. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1325–1329, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel microparticles fabricated with silver nanoparticles: synthesis,characterization, and catalytic applications

This work narrates the synthesis of poly (acrylic acid) hydrogel microparticles (PAAHMPs), fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the structure of the prepared PAAHMPs and catalytic applications of PAAHMPs fabricated with AgNPs (PAAHMPs/AgNPs). The PAAHMPs were prepared by inverse suspension polymerization technique while fabrication of AgNPs was carried out by chemical reduction method using sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) as reducing agent. The identification of functional groups in bare PAAHMPs and in the PAAHMPs/AgNPs composite system was carried out by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The size and morphology of the prepared hydrogel and its composite was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction and thermal gravimetric analyzer was also used to characterize the bare PAAHMPs and PAAHMPs/AgNPs composite. The prepared PAAHMPs/AgNPs composite was used as catalyst for the reduction of nitro aromatic pollutants and an industrial dye, that is, 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP), 2-Nitrophenol (2-NP) and methyl orange. No loss in catalytic activity was noted in seven consecutive cycles of recycling process while only 37.5% loss in catalytic activity was observed upon storing the catalyst for 90 days.     

Facile preparation of silver/reduced graphene oxide/chitosan colloid and application of the nanocomposite in antibacterial and catalytic activity

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was synthesized by a facile solution‐based approach in chitosan (CS) solution. The morphology and elemental composition of as‐prepared Ag/RGO/CS colloid were characterized by SEM and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, respectively. TEM images show that most of the AgNPs are uniformly dispersed in the CS matrix while the other nanoparticles are decorated on the RGO nanosheets. XRD indicates that the interlayer distance of RGO is between 0.34 and 1.87 nm while the diameter of face‐centered cubic AgNPs is no more than 30 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the Ag/RGO/CS colloid confirms the formation of AgNPs and RGO. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy proves that both the Ag ? O bond and the C ? N bond exist in the nanocomposite. Antimicrobial assays were performed using the most common species of Gram bacteria. The inhibitory effect indicates that the incorporation of AgNPs and RGO significantly improves the antimicrobial activity of CS colloid. In addition, the nanocomposite colloid exhibits significant catalytic activity toward the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol by NaBH₄. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

AgNPs-醋酸纤维素纳米纤维的制备与抗菌性能

采用静电纺丝的方法,并结合紫外还原技术,成功制备了Ag纳米颗粒(AgNPs)-醋酸纤维素(CA)纳米纤维。重点研究了溶剂和AgNO3浓度对纤维形貌和AgNPs的分散性及粒径的影响。结果表明:丙酮、DMAc和水(质量比为7∶2∶1)的混合溶液是纺制AgNPs-CA纳米纤维的合适溶剂,在该溶剂体系下,静电纺丝状况较好,AgNPs的尺寸和分布也较理想;随AgNO3添加量的增加,纳米纤维的直径降低,纤维上AgNPs的数量增加;当AgNO3质量分数为0.5%时,AgNPs-CA纳米纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌都具有很好的抗菌效果。     

The use of polyethyleneimine-modified reduced graphene oxide as a substrate for silver nanoparticles to produce a material with lower cytotoxicity and long-term antibacterial activity

In order to improve the stability and decrease the cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticle (AgNP), a polyethyleneimine-modified reduced graphene oxide (PEI-rGO) was used as the substrate of AgNPs, and a PEI-rGO–AgNP hybrid was prepared by anchoring the AgNPs on the reduced graphene oxide surface. Such a hybrid showed substantially higher antibacterial activity than polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized AgNP, and the AgNPs on PEI-rGO were more stable than the AgNPs on PVP, resulting in long-term antibacterial effects. The hybrid showed excellent water-solubility and lower cytotoxicity, suggesting the great potential application as a sprayable graphene-based antibacterial solution.     

Structural and spectroscopic properties of some neodymium-boro-germanate glasses and glass ceramics embedded with silver nanoparticles

Neodymium-boro-germanate glasses and glass ceramics (with Nd₂O₃ contents up to 40 mol%) embedded with silver metallic nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by the melt-quenching technique. Two series of samples (with AgNPs and without AgNPs) were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance ultraviolet–visible (DR-UV–vis) spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD data reveal that for both series the samples with x < 40 mol% Nd₂O₃ are basically amorphous containing only small amounts of a crystalline phase (identified as crystalline B₂O₃) while for samples x = 40 mol% Nd₂O₃ an important amount of a crystalline phase (identified as the NdBO₃ orthorhombic phase) is present. FT-IR spectroscopy data show that addition of controlled amounts of Nd₂O₃ and AgNPs changes the structural units that build up the host glass ceramic network. These changes were confirmed also by the photoluminescence spectra that show that addition of AgNPs to the host matrix produces changes at the level of emission peaks. The positive values of bonding parameter (δ) calculated based on DR-UV–vis data indicate a covalent character of the bonds from the studied samples.     

Performance assessment of poly (methacrylic acid)/silver nanoparticles composite as corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in acidic environment

This article reports the preparation of poly (methacrylic acid)/silver nanoparticles composite (PMAA/AgNPs) by in situ mixing of aqueous solutions of PMAA and 1 mM AgNO₃ with natural honey as reducing and stabilizing agent. The prepared PMAA/AgNPs composite was characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) while the morphology of the AgNPs in the composite was obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM results revealed that the AgNPs were spherical in shape. The performance of PMAA/AgNPs composite as anticorrosion material for Al in acidic environment was examined by electrochemical, weight loss methods, complemented by surface analysis characterization with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDS and water contact angle measurements. Results obtained indicate that PMAA/AgNPs composite is effective corrosion inhibitor for Al in an acid-induced corrosive environment. Inhibition efficiency increased with increase in composite concentration but decreased with rise in temperature. From potentiodynamic polarization results, PMAA/AgNPs composite is found to function as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. The adsorption of the composite onto Al surface was found to follow El-Awady et al. adsorption isotherm model. SEM, EDS and water contact angle results confirmed the adsorption of the composite on Al surface.     

Enhanced photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) on silver nanoparticles modified mesoporous silicon under visible light

The development of visible-light photocatalysts with desirable material characteristics and efficient performance is an existing challenge for photocatalysis community. Herein, we report on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) modified porous silicon (PSi) nanopowder and its effective use in the photo-reduction of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) to trivalent Cr(III) under direct visible light irradiation in the presence of citric acid. The PSi was prepared via simple stain etching of Si microparticles in HF/HNO₃ aqueous solution, followed by the deposition of AgNPs onto PSi by the immersion plating technique. The developed photocatalyst composed of PSi with <20 nm mesoporous structure, decorated with crystalline 15-50 nm AgNPs. Photocatalytic experiments using unmodified Si microparticles, either PSi or sonicated one, indicated inactive catalytic behavior toward the photo-reduction of Cr(VI). Remarkable photo-reduction efficiency (97.4%) was achieved after 180 minutes irradiation using the AgNPs/PSi sample. The efficient photo-reduction capability of AgNPs/PSi photocatalyst is attributed to the enhanced separation between photo-generated electrons and holes (e⁻-h⁺) enabling better utilization of light, as revealed from the photoluminescence measurement. Additionally, the presence of citric acid in solution promoted greatly the photo-reduction reaction as it acted as a hole scavenger, suppressing further the rate of e⁻-h⁺ recombination through rapid consumption of photo-generated holes. Excellent reusability of the current photocatalyst was evidenced by performing cyclic five runs with minimal reactivity loss. Results of synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic activity and reaction mechanism are thoroughly addressed and discussed.     

Facile polyacrylamide graft based on poly (2-chloroaniline) silver nano-composites as antimicrobial

Series of polymers based on the grafting of polyacrylamide with both poly(2-methoxyaniline) P2-MeOANI and poly(2-chloroaniline) P2-ClANI were synthesized by the oxidative chemical grafting copolymerization of individually 2-methoxyaniline (2-MeOANI) and 2-chloroaniline (2-ClANI) onto polyacrylamide (PACM). The grafting was performed in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant. The optimum conditions of the grafting based on the yield was achieved. The obtained polymer samples at optimum conditions were assembling on colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The obtained polymer samples and their AgNPs were characterized by UV- visible & IR spectroscopy, EM, TEM & TGA to confirm the suggested structure of obtained polymers. The efficiency of the prepared polymeric samples to using as anti-microbial including as sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) was investigated.     

Radiation synthesis and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/silver nanocomposite membranes: antimicrobial and blood compatibility studies

Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/silver (PVA/CS/Ag) nanocomposite membranes were synthesized by γ-radiation with promising antimicrobial and biomedical applications. The nanocomposite membranes were prepared by mixing PVA and CS solutions with different copolymer compositions in the presence of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) and glutaraldehyde as cross-linker, followed by in situ reduction with γ-radiation at different doses. The nanocomposite membranes were characterized by ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV studies showed a strong peak around λ _max at 430 nm due to surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles formed during irradiation. As the irradiation dose increased from 25 to 75 kGy, the plasmon band is shifted from 430 to 418 nm with high intensity, indicating the formation of smaller particles. TEM investigation showed uniform distribution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the membranes with mean diameter of 32–19 nm. XRD results confirmed that the mean diameter of AgNPs estimated from the Debye–Scherrer formula was in the range of 27.5–12.8 nm which confirms the TEM results. The PVA/CS/Ag nanocomposite membranes exhibited good antibacterial activity and were found to cause significant reduction in microbial growth. The nanocomposite membranes showed non-thrombogenicity effect and slightly haemolytic potential, suggesting their promising use in biomedical applications.     

Effects of copper nanoparticle exposure on host defense in a murine pulmonary infection model

Background

The study investigated the distribution of silver after 28 days repeated oral administration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver acetate (AgAc) to rats. Oral administration is a relevant route of exposure because of the use of silver nanoparticles in products related to food and food contact materials.

Results

AgNPs were synthesized with a size distribution of 14 ± 4 nm in diameter (90% of the nanoparticle volume) and stabilized in aqueous suspension by the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The AgNPs remained stable throughout the duration of the 28-day oral toxicity study in rats. The organ distribution pattern of silver following administration of AgNPs and AgAc was similar. However the absolute silver concentrations in tissues were lower following oral exposure to AgNPs. This was in agreement with an indication of a higher fecal excretion following administration of AgNPs. Besides the intestinal system, the largest silver concentrations were detected in the liver and kidneys. Silver was also found in the lungs and brain. Autometallographic (AMG) staining revealed a similar cellular localization of silver in ileum, liver, and kidney tissue in rats exposed to AgNPs or AgAc. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanosized granules were detected in the ileum of animals exposed to AgNPs or AgAc and were mainly located in the basal lamina of the ileal epithelium and in lysosomes of macrophages within the lamina propria. Using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy it was shown that the granules in lysosomes consisted of silver, selenium, and sulfur for both AgNP and AgAc exposed rats. The diameter of the deposited granules was in the same size range as that of the administered AgNPs. No silver granules were detected by TEM in the liver.

Conclusions

The results of the present study demonstrate that the organ distribution of silver was similar when AgNPs or AgAc were administered orally to rats. The presence of silver granules containing selenium and sulfur in the intestinal wall of rats exposed to either of the silver forms suggests a common mechanism of their formation. Additional studies however, are needed to gain further insight into the underlying mechanisms of the granule formation, and to clarify whether AgNPs dissolve in the gastrointestinal system and/or become absorbed and translocate as intact nanoparticles to organs and tissues.     

A green method of reducing silver nanoparticles based on bagasse pulp extract for preparing ultraviolet (UV)‐curable conductive ink

The silver nanoparticles are gaining extensive attention due to their tremendous applications in conductive field. In this article, we reported a green method of preparing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with bagasse pulp extract acting as reducing agents. In this article, ultrasonic extraction method was adopted. This extraction method has the advantages of simple operation and less impurity content in the extract. Silver nitrate (AgNO₃) solution, bagasse extract, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used as the silver precursor, reducing agent, and protection agent, respectively. Next, hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate (HPUA) as waterborne resin was mixed with AgNPs to prepare UV‐curable conductive ink. The UV‐curable conductive ink synthesized by the AgNPs showed high conductivity, and the obtained conductive ink had very low resistance (1.06 Ω) and resistivity (2.6 × 10^?5 Ω·m), good electronic stability, showing the great advantage in the field of UV‐curable conductive ink. In addition, we tested the AgNPs conductive ink of tearing resistance, rubbing fastness, and bending strength. The results showed the nanosilver conductive ink had good mechanical properties. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 26:90–96, 2020. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Construction of chitosan-carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrin silver nanocomposite hydrogel to improve antibacterial activity

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in various fields but their physical and chemical instability have limited their applications. The present work demonstrates a novel approach for the synthesis and stabilising of AgNPs. Chitosan and carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrin were used to prepare a polymeric hydrogel with glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. As a result, AgNPs were formed with very high dispersion and stability in the hydrogel structure. It is possible to create nanoreactors to produce AgNPs by adding CM-βCD to the structure of the hydrogel. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was employed to characterise the Cs-CM-βCD hydrogel. The morphologies of pure Cs-CM-βCD hydrogel and silver nanocomposite were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, UV–VIS spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterise the prepared silver nanocomposite. In addition, the antibacterial properties of these silver nanocomposite hydrogels were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative).     

Study on antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by gamma irradiation method using different stabilizers

Colloidal solutions of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by gamma Co-60 irradiation using different stabilizers, namely polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), alginate, and sericin. The particle size measured from TEM images was 4.3, 6.1, 7.6, and 10.2 nm for AgNPs/PVP, AgNPs/PVA, AgNPs/alginate, and AgNPs/sericin, respectively. The influence of different stabilizers on the antibacterial activity of AgNPs was investigated. Results showed that AgNPs/alginate exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) among the as-synthesized AgNPs. Handwash solution has been prepared using Na lauryl sulfate as surfactant, hydroxyethyl cellulose as binder, and 15 mg/L of AgNPs/alginate as antimicrobial agent. The obtained results on the antibacterial test of handwash for the dilution to 3 mg AgNPs/L showed that the antibacterial efficiency against E. coli was of 74.6%, 89.8%, and 99.0% for the contacted time of 1, 3, and 5 min, respectively. Thus, due to the biocompatibility of alginate extracted from seaweed and highly antimicrobial activity of AgNPs synthesized by gamma Co-60 irradiation, AgNPs/alginate is promising to use as an antimicrobial agent in biomedicine, cosmetic, and in other fields.     

Tunable release of silver nanoparticles from temperature-responsive polymer blends

Polymer blends of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(methyl methacrylate) with in situ synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are proposed as stimuli-responsive antimicrobial materials. AgNPs were prepared in the semi-dried polymer blends by N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone reduction. Temperature controlled kinetic of silver release was examined for different weight ratios of the polymers. Synthesized AgNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and temperature-dependent releasing was analyzed by ultraviolet–visible and atomic absorption spectroscopies. Temperature-dependent changes of polymer matrices were observed by confocal microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. It was shown that the polymer weight ratio determines both, starting time and kinetic of nanoparticle release. Antibacterial activities of the prepared material were demonstrated on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Quantitative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of prepared materials was performed on the base of inhibition zone size. It was shown that prepared materials could serve as effective antibacterial coating with quick antimicrobial response.     

Preparation and characterization of poly(styrene)/metal composites via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization

The expectant dithiocarbamate group end-functional poly(styrene) (PS) with a controlled molecular weight and low molecular weight distribution was synthesized conveniently via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and was used to prepare polymer/metal composites with coordination chemistry. By the self-assembly technique, PS coordinated with the rare earth metal in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to generate the fluorescent Eu–PS and Sm–PS complexes. Furthermore, PS-coated spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by reducing Ag⁺ to Ag⁰ under ultrasound irradiation in the presence of DMF and H₂O. The well core/shell structure of the AgNPs was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).     

Green synthesis of silk sericin-capped silver nanoparticles and their potent anti-bacterial activity

In this study, a ‘green chemistry’ approach was introduced to synthesize silk sericin (SS)-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) under an alkaline condition (pH 11) using SS as a reducing and stabilizing agent instead of toxic chemicals. The SS-capped AgNPs were successfully synthesized at various concentrations of SS and AgNO₃, but the yields were different. A higher yield of SS-capped AgNPs was obtained when the concentrations of SS and AgNO₃ were increased. The SS-capped AgNPs showed a round shape and uniform size with diameter at around 48 to 117 nm. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy result proved that the carboxylate groups obtained from alkaline degradation of SS would be a reducing agent for the generation of AgNPs while COO⁻ and NH₂ ⁺ groups stabilized the AgNPs and prevented their precipitation or aggregation. Furthermore, the SS-capped AgNPs showed potent anti-bacterial activity against various gram-positive bacteria (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.008 mM) and gram-negative bacteria (MIC ranging from 0.001 to 0.004 mM). Therefore, the SS-capped AgNPs would be a safe candidate for anti-bacterial applications.     

Effect of nanoparticle shape on the conductivity of Ag nanoparticle poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films

In this work, the shape effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on photocatalysis and electrical conductivity was investigated. Different shapes of AgNPs achieved using various concentrations of NaBH₄ were characterized using particle size analysis, UV–visible spectroscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The colours of colloidal solutions were found to be influenced by the shape of the nanoparticles. Yellow and blue AgNPs were spherical and triangular in shape, respectively, whereas distorted spherical particles showed a red colour and the presence of both particles in one solution resulted in a green colloidal solution. The AgNPs were used to prepare Ag/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite films and their electrical conductivity was investigated. Owing to their better charge carrier generation, uniform distribution in the PVA matrix and enhanced surface plasmon resonance, blue AgNPs (triangular shaped) exhibited superior conductivity performance compared to the other nanoparticles. The values for maximum conductivity for the blue and yellow AgNPs were 3.45 × 10^?4 Ω^?1 cm^?1 and 2.67 × 10^?4 Ω^?1 cm^?1respectively. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry