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1.
The temperature-concentration dependence of the electrical conductivity of glasses in the Na2SO4-NaPO3 and Na2O-P2O5 systems has been investigated. Based on the obtained experimental data (IR spectra, density, microhardness, sound velocity, and paper chromatography), it has been demonstrated that SO42− ions form terminal groups through the incorporation into polyphosphate fragments of the structure of glasses in the Na2SO4-NaPO3 system. An increase in the electrical conductivity of glasses in this system by a factor of ∼1000 (as compared to NaPO3) at 25°C and a decrease in the activation energy for electrical conduction from 1.40 to 1.10 eV have been interpreted from the viewpoint of the decrease in the dissociation energy E d of polar sulfate phosphate structural chemical fragments formed in the glass bulk upon introduction into sodium metaphosphate Na2SO4. This leads to an increase in the number of dissociated sodium ions, which are charge carriers, and to a decrease in the energy (E a) of their activation shift in the sublattice formed by sulfate phosphate fragments of the structure.  相似文献   

2.
The glass formation region in the Na2Se-P2Se5 system and the temperature-concentration dependences of the electrical conductivity of glasses have been investigated over a wide range of temperatures. The densities and glass transition temperatures T g of glasses have been determined. A comparison of the electrical conductivity of glasses in the Na2Se-P2Se5 and Na2O-P2O5 systems has demonstrated that the conductivity of selenium-containing glasses (at 25°C) is approximately three orders of magnitude higher than the electrical conductivity of oxide glasses. The assumption has been made that an increase in the electrical conductivity of glasses with selenium is caused by the increase in the degree of dissociation of Na+[SePSe3/2] polar structural chemical units and the higher mobility of sodium ions in the oxygen-free matrix.  相似文献   

3.
The concentration dependence of the electrical conductivity of glasses in the Tl2O-B2O3 system is studied. The nature of charge carriers in this system is experimentally investigated for the first time. It is demonstrated using the Hittorf, Tubandt, and Hebb-Liang-Wagner techniques and the Faraday law that neither Tl+ ions nor electrons are involved in the electricity transport. The verification of the Faraday law does not reveal the presence of thallium in the amalgam of the cathode or a change in the sample weight after electrolysis, to within the experimental error. This allows one to make the inference that protons can be charge carriers in glasses of the Tl2O-B2O3 system. It is shown using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy that Tl3+ ions and thallium Tl0 reduced to the metallic state are absent in the structure of the glasses under investigation. This means that thallium in glasses of the Tl2O-B2O3 system occurs only in the form of Tl+ ions. The analysis of the IR spectroscopic data leads to only a qualitative conclusion that the water content in the glasses insignificantly increases with an increase in the thallium oxide content. An increase in the electrical conductivity of glasses in the Tl2O-B2O3 system with an increase in the thallium oxide content is explained by the increase in the number of protons formed upon dissociation of H+[BO4/2]? structural-chemical units, because their concentration increases with increasing Tl2O content. In the structure of boron oxide, impurity hydrogen enters predominantly into the composition of H+[O2/2BO?] structural-chemical units, for which the dissociation energy is higher than that for the H+[BO4/2]? structural-chemical units. The increase in the concentration of H+[BO4/2]? structural-chemical units is accompanied by the increase in the number of dissociated protons, which are charge carriers in glasses of the Tl2O-B2O3 system.  相似文献   

4.
The specific conductivity and tracer of diffusion of sodium and barium ions have been determined and the values of the transport numbers and correlation factor for diffusion have been calculated in two melts of the Na2O–BaO–Ga2O3–SiO2 system.  相似文献   

5.
The diffusion of sodium ions in silica glasses produced by different methods and glasses in the Al2O3-R2O3-SiO2 (R = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb) systems has been investigated by the radioactive tracer method. The diffusion mobility of 22Na ions in the aluminosilicate glasses containing rare-earth element oxides is close to that in the KSG silica glass prepared by high-temperature hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride SiCl4. A comparison of the diffusion coefficients with the electrical conductivity of the glasses has demonstrated that the conduction in the KI silica glass is due to the migration of sodium ions. In the KSG glass, as well as in the aluminosilicate glasses containing rare-earth element oxides, sodium ions are not charge carriers.  相似文献   

6.
The kinetics of crystal nucleation is investigated in sodium calcium silicate glasses of two compositions (22.4 and 24.4 mol % Na2O), which belong to the Na2SiO3—CaSiO3 pseudobinary join and, according to the phase diagram, lie in the region of the formation of solid solutions between the compositions Na2O · 2CaO · 3SiO2 and Na2O · CaO · 2SiO2. The stationary rate of crystal nucleation of Na2O · 2CaO · 3SiO2-based solid solutions is measured as a function of temperature. It is shown that the maximum stationary rate of nucleation increases with an increase in the sodium oxide content in the initial glasses. The experimental data are analyzed in the framework of the classical nucleation theory.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Fizika i Khimiya Stekla, Soboleva, Yuritsyn, Ugolkov.  相似文献   

7.
The effect of the relative volume of the conducting phase on the electroconductivity of phase-separated glasses in the ternary system Na2O–B2O3–SiO2, whose compositions are on the same glass transition isotherm at 550°C, is investigated. It is demonstrated that the electroconductivity of phase-separated sodium borosilicate glasses does not depend on the relative volume of the conducting phase (within the limits from 0.3 to 0.9) under the condition that its composition invariable.  相似文献   

8.
The possibility of calculating the thermodynamic properties of binary glass-forming systems containing both modifier (Na2O) and glass-former (B2O3) oxides with the use of the vacancy variant of the generalized lattice theory of associated solutions is demonstrated for glasses and melts in the Na2O-SiO2 and B2O3-SiO2 systems.  相似文献   

9.
The electrical conductivity of chalcogenide semiconductor films in the CuI-AsI3-As2Se3 and CuI-SbI3-As2Se3 systems, which have been prepared by chemical deposition from mono-n-butylamine, has been studied as a function of the temperature and film composition. It has been established that the electrical conductivity of the CuI-AsI3-As2Se3 and CuI-SbI3-As2Se3 films is predominantly determined by the copper iodide content. It has been demonstrated that the electrical properties of the chalcogenide glasses and the related films are characterized by the same values to within the experimental error, which is explained by the same model of dissolution of vitreous semiconductors in amines with the retention of the electrical properties of chalcogenide glasses after the deposition of films from their solutions.  相似文献   

10.
The structure of single-phase glasses in the BaO-B2O3-SiO2 system has been studied by the large- and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques. The glasses containing 40 mol % BaO upon equimolar replacement of B2O3 by SiO2 have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that the incorporation of barium ions into structural groupings fixes their position and provides ordering in the distribution of barium ions at interatomic distances up to at least 5 Å. The glasses under investigation are homogeneous, and their inhomogeneity is determined by thermal density fluctuations and fluctuations of the concentration of a part of barium ions distributed in a statistically random manner in the volume of the glass. The observed ordering in the distribution of barium ions is not reduced to the formation of local clusters with an increased concentration of barium ions but is most likely a characteristic feature of the bulk glass structure. The glass structure is consistent with the model of ideal associated solutions.  相似文献   

11.
The processes of phase formation in the Nd2O3-TiO2-Na2CO3 system have been investigated in the temperature range 500–1100°C. The mechanism of the high-temperature solid-phase reaction of formation of the complex oxide Na2Nd2Ti3O10 has been studied. It has been established that the Na2Nd2Ti3O10 compound is formed from the intermediate product Na0.5Nd0.5TiO3 with a perovskite structure in the temperature range 830–890°C and from the NaNdTiO4 oxide with a perovskite-like layered structure in the temperature range 960–1100°C.  相似文献   

12.
Glasses in the Na2O–B2O3, NaF–Na2O–B2O3, and NaF–B2O3 systems have been synthesized. The nature of current carriers and their transport numbers in these glasses are determined by the Hittorf and Tubandt techniques. The concentration dependences of the electrical conductivity and the transport numbers are investigated. It is demonstrated that the electricity transport in glasses in the NaF–B2O3 system is provided by sodium and fluorine ions. The results obtained are interpreted in terms of the microinhomogeneous glass structure.  相似文献   

13.
Combined UV-visible and FTIR spectral studies of undoped and Nd2O3 –doped sodium silicophosphate glasses were carried out to characterize the optical and structural properties of such glasses. The base undoped silicophosphate glass exhibits strong UV absorption which is due to the presence of unavoidable trace iron impurities (mainly Fe3+ ions) present contaminated within the raw materials used for the preparation of such glasses. Nd2O3 –doped glasses show characteristic absorption bands extending in the entire visible region which are attributed to the contribution of Nd3+ ions with distinct peaks which are almost constant with the increase of dopant. This comes from the combined compact glass structure containing two glass forming units and the shielding of the rare-earth ions. Infrared absorption spectra of the studied glasses reveal characteristic IR bands due to the combination of both silicate and phosphate groups. The introduction of Nd2O3 within the dopant level (2 %) produces no variations in the IR vibrational bands due to the presence of the two structural silicate and phosphate groups giving compactness of the network structure. The deconvoluted spectra reveal the presence of phosphate groups in a slightly high ratio due to the high content of P2O5 in the composition.  相似文献   

14.
The electrical conductivity of CuI-Cu2Se-As2Se3 chalcogenide semiconductor films prepared through the chemical deposition from an organic solvent has been investigated as a function of the temperature and composition of the films. It has been established that the electrical properties of the chalcogenide glasses and related films are characterized by the same values within the limits of the experimental error. This result is in agreement with the model of dissolution of vitreous semiconductors in organic bases (amines), according to which the main properties of bulk (cast) chalcogenide glasses are retained in films prepared from these glasses.  相似文献   

15.
Triply and doubly charged states of europium are revealed by 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy in the structure of glasses of the composition (mol %) 19.5Al2O3, 31.5SiO2, 26.5MnO, and 22.5Eu2O3. The isomer shifts in the Mössbauer spectra of Eu3+ and Eu2+ ions in the structure of glasses differ from the isomer shifts in the spectra of the Eu2O3 and EuO compounds. This difference is explained by the fact that the electron density at 151Eu nuclei is affected by the manganese and aluminum atoms, which are not bound directly to the europium atoms. The broadening of the spectra of the Eu2+ ions in glasses is caused by the nonuniform isomer shift.  相似文献   

16.
Optical absorption spectral investigations have been carried out on Fe3+ ions doped sodium borate, sodium silicate and sodium phosphate glasses before and after gamma irradiation. The UV-visible absorption spectrum exhibits bands characteristic of Fe3+ ions coordination in each system. Interesting aspects of FT-IR spectra were found, and this gives information about the structure changes in the constituent units of these glass systems as a function of Fe2O3 concentration. All glasses reveal characteristic absorption bands due to the addition of different ratios of iron which explain the state of iron in each system in terms of its valence and coordination number. Results indicate that iron favors a higher oxidation state (tetrahedral coordination) in the case of sodium silicate glasses. The doping with progressive Fe2O3 additions (0.5?7.5 %) has some effect on the number and position of the characteristic bands due to formation of FeO4 groups. The IR absorption spectra after irradiation reveal limited changes in the intensity which can be correlated with minor changes in bond angles and /or bond lengths within the structural units by irradiation.  相似文献   

17.
The temperature-concentration dependence of the dc electrical conductivity of glasses in the xAg2O-(1 ? x)B2O3 (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) system is investigated using active (amalgam) electrodes. A series of glasses are synthesized with the use of D2O as an isotope tracer. The analysis of data on the electrolysis of glasses at 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.225 demonstrates that charge carriers in these glasses involve protons formed upon dissociation of impurity water. The water content is evaluated by IR spectroscopy. The electronic component of the total electrical conductivity is determined by the Liang-Wagner technique. It is shown that the contribution of the electronic component does not exceed the sensitivity of the technique (10?2—10?3%). The participation of silver ions in electricity transport processes is studied by the Hittorf method. It is demonstrated that their transport numbers do not exceed 0.53. A comparison of the physicochemical properties of glasses in the Ag2O-B2O3 and Na2O-B2O3 systems shows that sodium and silver ions occupy different positions in the structure.  相似文献   

18.
The structure of single-phase glasses in the SrO-B2O3-SiO2 system has been studied by the small-and large-angle X-ray scattering technique. The glasses containing 35, 40, and 45 mol % SrO upon equimolar replacement of B2O3 by SiO2 have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that the glasses do not contain chemical inhomogeneity regions. The inhomogeneity of the glasses is determined only by thermal density fluctuations. The isothermal compressibility varies insignificantly upon replacement of B2O3 by SiO2 and decreases with an increase in the SrO content. The glass structure is consistent with the model of ideal associated solutions.  相似文献   

19.
A composition of NASICON (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) was synthesized by the solid-state reaction method using a new compound Na2HPO42H2O. The X-ray diffraction patterns of all samples exhibit monoclinic Na3Zr2Si2PO12 as a major phase with a very small amount of monoclinic-ZrO2. The maximum relative density (97 %) and maximum conductivity is obtained in the samples sintered at 1200 °C (N3) which is slightly higher than β-Al2O3. The activation energy is ~ 0.20 eV for the N3 sample which is lower than for β-Al2O3. The dilatometeric study and Arrhenius plots confirmed a phase transition of NASICON from monoclinic to rhombohedral. The micro-structural study of the samples done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated a significant influence of the processing conditions on the microstructures. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the sample N3 exhibits minor structural changes compared to other samples.  相似文献   

20.
The steady-state electrical conductivity of oxychloride glasses in the PbCl2–PbO · B2O3 and PbCl2–2PbO · B2O3 systems is investigated. In the temperature range from 190 to 380°C, the dependence of log on the reciprocal of the temperature exhibits a linear behavior. The nature of charge carriers is studied using the Hittorf technique. It is demonstrated that protons and chlorine ions are charge carriers in solid glasses. The concentration dependence of the transport numbers of chlorine ions is examined by the Tubandt method. The contribution of the electronic component to the total electrical conductivity is estimated with the use of the Liang–Wagner technique. The concentration dependences of the electrical conductivity and the transport numbers of chlorine ions are interpreted in terms of the microinhomogeneous glass structure associated with the selective interaction of components during synthesis of glasses.  相似文献   

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