纳他霉素对采后蓝莓果实灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea)防治

研究单独使用纳他霉素和与维生素C(V_C)复配后使用对蓝莓灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea)的防治效果。通过离体培养实验确定 V_C溶液、纳他霉素溶液以及纳他霉素溶液与20 mg/L V_C复配后的最低抑菌浓度;通过活体实验观察发病率、病斑直径、蛋白质含量以及与抗病性相关酶活性的变化,以确定不同溶液对蓝莓灰霉病的抑制效果。实验结果表明:单独使用纳他霉素处理和与20 mg/L V_C复配溶液复配处理对3μL 5×106 CFU/mL的蓝莓灰霉病菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为1和0.5 mg/L,而单独使用V_C处理的抑菌效果不明显,说明纳他霉素与V_C复配使用可有效降低纳他霉素使用量,提升作用效果;同时纳他霉素复配溶液可有效提升蓝莓抗菌能力,以30 mg/L纳他霉素复配液处理效果最好。     

纳他霉素高产菌株发酵培养基优化

考察不同碳源、氮源及前体物质对菌株Streptomyce natalensis摇瓶发酵生产纳他霉素的影响。试验表明,纳他霉素摇瓶发酵培养基最佳碳源为葡萄糖、糊精,浓度分别为40g／L和32g／L;最佳氮源为酵母粉,浓度为4．5g／L;前体物质丙酸钠加入量为0．20％,最适加入时间为对数生长后期（48h）。     

发酵肉制品中乳酸菌计数培养基的优化

采用平板计数法比较了5种乳酸菌在4种培养基(MRS、SL、TJA与酪蛋白山梨酸培养基)上的生长情况,选择乳酸菌生长最好的培养基,对其pH值、添加山梨酸和纳他霉素进行改良,检测了5种乳酸菌及6种杂菌在此培养基上的生长情况,并用发酵肉制品样品进行验证.结果表明,采用改良TJA培养基对发酵肉制品中乳酸菌计数效果最好,在pH 5.5、添加山梨酸(1000mg/L)和纳他霉素(20mg/L)条件下能排除其他杂菌的干扰,提高乳酸菌计数的准确性.优化后的改良TJA培养基能较好地排除发酵肉制品中的杂菌对乳酸菌计数的影响,可应用于发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的计数.     

新型生物防霉剂纳他霉素在液体饲料中的应用

研究新型生物防霉剂纳他霉素对黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、雪白根霉(Rhizopus niveus)、总状毛霉(Mucor corticolus)、灰绿青霉(Penicillium glaucum)等常见霉菌的抑制作用,并用化学防霉剂双乙酸钠与其作复配试验。结果表明:纳他霉素单独使用最低抑菌浓度为3~6mg/L,与双乙酸钠复配时抑菌浓度比例为4 mg/L∶3g/L。采用体积浓度为10,20,30mg/L的纳他霉素对两种供试液体饲料进行破坏性存放防霉试验,平板计数统计结果表明其防霉效果差异不大。肉眼观察10mg/L纳他霉素对奥利康宠物饲料和珊瑚成长粮破坏性存放18d和24d的抑菌率为100%,计数统计30d后的抑菌率分别为96.3%和94.3%。     

纳他霉素在月饼中抑菌防腐的研究

纳他霉素作为一种天然的食品添加剂,对真菌具有广谱和高效的抑制和杀灭作用。本文采用不同浓度的纳他霉素处理液对月饼进行处理,研究了纳他霉素在月饼中的抑菌防腐作用,并与焙烤食品中常用的其他防腐剂进行了比较。论文也研究了纳他霉素和山梨酸钾对月饼的复合防腐效果。实验结果表明,纳他霉素应用于月饼表面防腐,其处理液的最佳浓度为300~400mg/kg。最佳防腐效果的复合配比为:纳他霉素处理液浓度0.4g/kg,山梨酸钾8g/kg。在生产实际应用中,纳他霉素和山梨酸钾的复配使用,能很好的抑制月饼中细菌真菌的生长,可使月饼保质期,在28℃恒温贮藏条件下,达到60d以上。     

纳他霉素对啤酒酵母抑制作用的研究及应用

研究了纳他霉素对啤酒酵母的抑制作用.试验结果表明,纳他霉素对Saccharomycescerevisiae 206#的最低抑制浓度为9 mg/L,对Saccharomyces cerevisiae 303#的最低抑制浓度为7 mg/L.高温可影响纳他霉素的抑菌性能,9 mg/L以下的纳他霉素经121℃灭菌20 min,无法抑制菌株生长.对啤酒生产的主要工序进行有害细菌的检测,结果表明,纳他霉素可以作为啤酒酵母的抑制剂在有害细菌检测中应用.     

纳他霉素对葡萄采后交链孢菌的抑制作用

交链孢菌(Alternaria sp.)是导致鲜食葡萄采后腐烂变质的主要病原菌。以葡萄采后交链孢菌为病原菌,采用生长速率法、悬滴法及活体接种法,研究了不同浓度纳他霉素抑菌液对菌丝生长、孢子萌发的抑制作用以及对果实的防病效果。结果表明,适宜浓度的纳他霉素对葡萄采后交链孢菌的抑制效果明显,对菌丝生长及孢子萌发的抑菌中浓度(EC50)分别为83.48和89.47mg/L;当抑菌液浓度达200mg/L时,对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制率均达到80%以上。活体接种实验结果表明,浓度为200mg/L的纳他霉素抑菌液可显著(p<0.05)抑制葡萄采后交链孢菌引起的霉烂变质。综上,纳他霉素处理对葡萄采后交链孢菌具有较好的抑制活性,可作为葡萄采后绿色保鲜剂的潜在资源。     

纳他霉素在蛋糕表面防腐保鲜中的应用研究

纳他霉素作为一种天然的新型食品防腐剂，对烘焙食品中的真菌具有高效而安全的抑菌作用。该研究采用不同浓度的纳他霉素对蛋糕表面进行防腐处理，探究了纳他霉素在蛋糕贮藏保鲜中的抑菌效果和作用。通过与糕点类食品中最常见的其他3种防腐剂进行比对，进一步研究了纳他霉素与山梨酸钾在蛋糕表面处理的复合防腐作用。结果表明，300～400 mg/kg的纳他霉素对蛋糕的抑菌防腐效果最佳，而喷洒质量分数为0.4 g/kg的纳他霉素与8 g/kg的山梨酸钾复配液可以将蛋糕保质期延长至10 d以上。通过对实际生产应用的成本分析，纳他霉素与山梨酸钾在蛋糕中的复配使用，既节约成本，又能有效的抑制蛋糕中细菌和霉菌的生长。     

纳他霉素对葡萄酒酵母抑制效果的研究

研究了纳他霉素对葡萄酒酵母的抑制效果.结果表明,纳他霉素对汉逊酵母(Hansenulaminus)的最低抑制浓度5mg/L,对柠檬形克氏酵母(Kloeckera apiculata)的最低抑制浓度7mg/L.纳他霉素的抑菌性能易受高温影响,因此不适合在高温灭茵前添加使用;当纳他霉素浓度低于12mg/L,经115℃灭茵20min,抑制酵母菌株的作用已丧失.     

响应面法优化褐黄孢链霉菌ZM701产纳他霉素发酵培养基

为了提高褐黄孢链霉菌（Streptomyces gilvosporeus）ZM701生产纳他霉素的产量,该文通过单因素试验,研究碳源、氮源及无机盐对菌体生长和纳他霉素产量的影响,采用响应面分析法优化发酵培养基中葡萄糖、豆粕、CaCO3的添加量。结果表明,褐黄孢链霉菌（S. gilvosporeus）ZM701产纳他霉素最佳发酵培养基组成为：葡萄糖52.6 g/L,酵母蛋白胨3.0 g/L,豆粕23.3 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 2.0 g/L,CaCO3 3.2 g/L。在此条件下,纳他霉素产量达到5.41 g/L,比优化前提高了77.8%。     

葡萄酒中酒类酒球菌的分离——抑制剂对酵母菌生长的抑制效应

从葡萄酒中分离酒类酒球菌时 ,酵母菌是最主要的干扰菌。作者通过在ATB和改良MRS琼脂培养基中添加放线菌酮、山梨酸和制霉菌素 ,研究了不同抑制剂对酵母生长的抑制效应。结果表明 ,采用ATB + 5 0mg/L放线菌酮、改良MRS + 5 0mg/L放线菌酮、改良MRS + 10 0mg/L山梨酸、改良MRS + 5 0mg/L制霉菌素选择性培养基 ,能够完全抑制酿酒酵母的生长。     

建昌板鸭中乳酸菌的分离鉴定与特性

以MRS培养基为基础培养基对自然发酵板鸭中的乳酸菌进行分离、鉴定及其基本特性的研究。从建昌发酵板鸭中分离得到17个菌株。进一步测试表明在30℃培养时分离的乳酸菌生长最好,且在5g/100mL NaCl和100mg/L Na2NO2的环境中均能生长,最适宜作为建昌板鸭发酵剂的是B1号菌株。     

Evaluation of de-lipidated egg yolk and yeast autolysate as growth supplements for lactic acid bacteria culture

Four strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were cultivated on deproteinated whey supplemented with yeast autolysate (YA) and/or de-lipidated egg yolk (DEY). Growth was compared to that recorded on the widely used MRS medium. The feasibility of the use of YA in place of yeast extract was confirmed. In the presence of YA in the medium, cell numeration gained nearly 1 log for only 0.4% DEY added in the culture medium, namely 0.1 g/L additional nitrogen, showing that DEY also supplies LAB growth in trace elements and growth factors like vitamins. If compared to the MRS medium, final cell numerations were about 1 log lower on deproteinated whey supplemented with YA and DEY, while the protein nitrogen ratio of both media was 2.7, showing the high potential of the tested supplements, and especially DEY. Subsequent works with higher and hydrolysed DEY may be therefore useful.     

四川泡菜中降解亚硝酸盐乳酸菌的筛选鉴定及其应用

从四川传统泡菜中分离疑似乳酸菌170株,通过溶钙力测定获得33株产酸力较强的菌株,然后对其进行亚硝酸盐降解力初筛试验,得到5株具有较强降解亚硝酸盐能力的菌株,再采用控制pH值的方法从中筛选出1株酶降解亚硝酸盐作用明显的菌株N2,该菌株按0.1%(v/v)接种量接种于含125 mg/L NaNO2、pH 6.4和添加有2%CaCO3(w/v)的MRS培养基中,于30℃、120 r/min振荡培养72 h,对NaNO2的降解率达90.81%。菌株N2经形态学、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析被鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。接种菌株N2发酵泡菜,测定发酵过程中泡菜pH值、亚硝酸盐含量,与自然发酵泡菜比较,菌株N2应用于发酵泡菜中降解亚硝酸盐的效果显著。     

钙离子对植物乳杆菌LIP-1抗冷冻干燥性能的影响

本文以植物乳杆菌LIP-1为研究对象,探讨在培养基中添加不同浓度的钙离子对菌株生长量及抗冷冻干燥性能的影响,在此基础上,研究了不同浓度钙离子对菌体形态、细胞壁及细胞膜结构完整性以及细胞膜脂肪酸构成的影响,以探讨钙离子影响菌株抗冷冻干燥性能的机制。结果表明:当在MRS培养基中添加0.5 mmol/L的钙离子时,与未添加钙离子的对照组相比,菌株的生长量提升了0.717×109 CFU/mL,存活率提升了21.52%（P<0.05）;同时与对照组相比,添加钙离子可以使植物乳杆菌LIP-1长度明显变短;菌株的细胞壁与细胞膜的损伤程度降低;细胞膜中不饱和脂肪酸的含量升高,U/S变大;添加钙离子还可以使菌株的常温贮藏稳定性得到提高,第8周时添加钙离子的实验组相较对照组（MRS）活菌数提升了13.65倍。该结果为培养基中添加适量的钙离子促进菌体生长以及提高菌株的抗冷冻干燥性与贮藏稳定性提供了理论参考。     

The impact of alternative nitrogen sources on the growth and viability of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus

In this study, we developed and optimized a growth medium using various nitrogen sources for the cultivation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, a probiotic and essential dairy starter culture. The composition of de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) culture medium was modified, and the nitrogen content was replaced by alternative nitrogen sources X-Seed Nucleo Max, X-Seed KAT, and X-Seed Carbo Max (Ohly GmbH) in various blends of 5 and 10 g/L. Results showed that bacterial growth was significantly higher when the nitrogen source blend of 10 g/L of KAT and 10 g/L of Carbo Max [KCMax (10/10)] was used. The optical densities of the Lb. bulgaricus strains were significantly higher in the KCMax (10/10) medium than in the MRS medium. There was no significance in bacterial counts for both the MRS and the KCMax (10/10) medium, and all bacterial counts were estimated at 8 log cfu/mL. The buffering capacity of the KCMax (10/10) medium was also tested and supplemented with l-histidine and was significantly higher than that of the MRS control medium. KCMax (10/10) also supported the freeze-stability and viability of the Lb. bulgaricus cells during freezing and freeze-drying operations. Our results suggest that the alternative nitrogen sources X-Seed Nucleo Max, X-Seed KAT and X-Seed Carbo Max can substantially support the growth of lactic acid bacteria as demonstrated with Lb. bulgaricus. These alternative nitrogen sources could thus be recommended for lactic acid bacteria fermentation and for the cultivation of dairy starter cultures.     

蓝靛果花青素对乳酸菌生长及酸奶后酸化的影响

以热浸渍法、冷浸渍法、常温浸渍法为基础,通过部分添加不同浓度的二氧化硫和果胶酶,探究不同浸渍工艺对葡萄醪中单宁、总酚含量、pH值、色度、色调等指标的影响。结果表明,冷浸渍法（浸渍温度4 ℃、二氧化硫添加量50 mg/L、浸渍时间13 h）浸提时,葡萄醪中单宁含量6.884 mg/L,总酚含量122.332 mg/L,pH值3.85,色调最低,色度最高;常温浸渍法（浸渍温度20 ℃、二氧化硫添加量50 mg/L、浸渍时间13 h）浸提时,葡萄醪中单宁含量7.612 mg/L,总酚含量134.756 mg/L,pH值3.85,色调最低,色度最高;热浸渍法（浸提温度80 ℃,浸渍时间100 min）浸提时,葡萄醪中单宁含量23.451 mg/L,总酚含量264.688 mg/L,pH值3.43,色调最低,色度最高。     

Antifungal effect of dairy propionibacteria--contribution of organic acids

Large amounts of food and feed are lost every year due to spoilage by moulds and yeasts. Biopreservation, i.e. the use of microorganisms as preservatives instead of chemicals, has gained increased interest. Lactic acid bacteria and propionibacteria might be particularly useful due to their important role in many food fermentations. Knowledge of the antifungal effects of the organic acids produced by these bacteria is necessary to understand their inhibitory activity. We evaluated the antifungal activity of the type strains of five dairy propionibacteria, Propionibacterium acidipropionici, P. jensenii, P. thoenii, P. freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii and P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii against eight food- and feedborne moulds and yeasts. A dual culture system assayed the inhibitory activity on three different agar media, sodium lactate (SL), de Man Rogosa Sharp (MRS) and MRS without acetate (MRS-ac). The amounts of organic acids produced during growth of propionibacteria in liquid SL, MRS and MRS-ac were also determined. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of propionic, acetic and lactic acid were established for all fungi at pH 3, 5 and 7. Propionic acid, followed by acetic acid, was the most potent antifungal acid. Inhibition at pH 7 generally required concentrations above 500 mM for all three acids, at pH 5 the MIC values for propionic and acetic acids were 20-120 mM and above 500 mM for lactic acid. At pH 3, the MIC values were, with one exception, below 10 mM for both propionic and acetic acid and above 160 mM for lactic acid. The yeast Pichia anomala was the fungus most resistant to organic acids. The propionibacteria exhibited a pronounced species variation in antifungal activity on MRS (+/-acetate) agar, with P. thoenii being the most potent. Four of the five propionibacteria species produced more propionic and acetic acid in liquid SL medium than in MRS (+/-acetate) broth. However, when SL agar was used as the growth medium, none of the propionibacteria inhibited fungal growth.     

香草酸对脂环酸芽孢杆菌生长代谢影响及紫外线控制研究

目的 分析香草酸对脂环酸芽孢杆菌(Alicyclobacillus spp.)生长过程中嗅味代谢物释放的影响,评估中压紫外线(medium pressure ultraviolet, MP-UV)及其与过硫酸钾(potassium peroxodisulfate, PS)联用工艺对细菌与愈创木酚的控制效果。方法 将脂环酸芽孢杆菌分离菌株HY接种到含有不同质量浓度(0、20、40、50和100mg/L)香草酸的培养基中,检测细菌数以及愈创木酚和2,6-二溴苯酚的释放情况。采用MP-UV和MP-UV/PS工艺分别对菌株HY及其嗅味代谢物愈创木酚进行照射,评估控制效果。结果 菌株HY在香草酸中能够释放愈创木酚,最高质量浓度为64.76μg/L;未检出2,6-二溴苯酚。MP-UV/PS (10 mg/L)工艺在照射剂量为20 mJ/cm²时,菌株HY灭活率为3.01 log,愈创木酚降解率为42.69%。结论 菌株HY能够利用香草酸代谢释放愈创木酚; MP-UV/PS工艺可以有效控制水中脂环酸芽孢杆菌及其嗅味代谢物愈创木酚的污染。