国内外丙烯酸(酯)的市场分析(下)

2003年,中国丙烯酸(酯)产量为24．5万吨。其中,商品丙烯酸产量约3万吨,丙烯酸酯产量约21．5万吨。1993-2003年,中国丙烯酸(酯)产量年均增速为13．41％。2003年,中国丙烯酸(酯)消费量为54．63万吨。其中,进口32．07万吨,占总消费量的58．70％。1993-2003年,中国丙烯酸(酯)消费量年均增速高达18.94％,是世界消费增长最快的国家。     

日本增塑剂 同本化学工业年鉴2003年版（摘）

同本增塑剂工业的行业状况是，住宅开工率比前年减少2％，汽车生产的台数增长1％，内需比去年减少了3．4％，出口增长了39％，总的销售量增长，与去年持平。表1示出日本2001-2002年增塑剂的生产、销售实况。同本2002年增塑剂的产量为43．6125万吨，比去年增长3．5％，销售43．4520万吨，减少O．5％。在构成比方面，邻苯二甲酸酯占总量的87．9％，其他依次排列是磷酸酯系列，己二酸酯系列，环氧酯系列。     

浙江卫星化工丙烯酸及酯项目一期工程进展J顷利

浙江卫星丙烯酸有限公司丙烯氧化年产16万吨丙烯酸及酯项目一期工程进展顺利。一期工程投资3亿元，年产4万吨丙烯酸及4．5万吨酯，计划2006年4月试生产。     

日本增塑剂

日本增塑剂工业的行业状况是，住宅开工率比前年减少2％，汽车生产的台数增长1％，内需比去年减少了3—4％，出口增长了39％，总的销售量增长，与去年持平。表1示出日本2001—2002年增塑剂的生产、销售实况。日本2002年增塑剂的产量为43．6125万吨，比去年增长3．5%，销售43．4520万吨，减少0．5%。在构成比方面，邻苯二甲酸酯占总量的87．9％，其他依次排列是磷酸酯系列，己二酸酯系列，环氧酯系列。     

丙烯酸衍生物的应用

石油化工品丙烯酸及其酯、共聚物、盐类的各种衍生物达几百种。国外丙烯酸类单体产量约110万吨/年(1981年),目前,国内产量约3000—4000吨/年单体。丙烯酸的生产,以往一般由丙烯腈水解法制取,该法有氰化物污染,成本又高,约8000元/吨。兰化公司石化厂用丙烯直接氧化法制丙烯酸,无环境污染,但供不应求。近年来我国从西德、日本进口一万吨单体/年,并已引进丙烯直接氧化法3.8万吨/年丙烯酸及酯类3.8万吨/年装置即将投产,将来价格可望降低。     

含氟聚丙烯酸酯增深剂的合成工艺研究

以甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯和丙烯酸正丁酯作为单体,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)作为乳化剂,过硫酸钾作为引发剂,进行乳液聚合,合成了含氟丙烯酸酯增深剂。最佳合成条件:甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯与丙烯酸丁酯按4∶6的比例聚合、单体用量占水相的80%、引发剂过硫酸钾用量为单体总量的0.6%、乳化剂SDBS∶OP-10=2∶1,占单体总量的4%、保温反应4小时。     

国内丙烯酸及酯市场分析

1丙烯酸及酯产能和产量2008年我国丙烯酸总产能为106.4万吨/年,2009年产能达到132.8万吨/年,2010年产能为139.4万吨/年。表1列出截至2010年我国主要丙烯酸生产厂及生产能力。2010年丙烯酸及酯产能合计     

丙烯酸系高吸油树脂的合成

以丙烯酸丁酯和α-甲基丙烯酸十二酯为主单体 ,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯和二甲基丙烯酸 1 ,4-丁二醇酯为交联剂合成高吸油树脂 ,研究了第三单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯交联剂分子结构对树脂吸油性能的影响。     

沈化丙烯酸项目将使公司利润增50％

丙烯酸项目是沈化2007年主要利润增长点，项目投产后公司将具有1万吨／年丙烯酸、8万吨／年丙烯酸丁酯、2万吨／年丙烯酸辛酯、1万吨／年丙烯酸甲酯和1万吨／年丙烯酸乙酯的产能。预计这些产品将给公司带来约1．5亿的销售利润，带动公司50％左右的净利润增长。     

水性丙烯酸树脂二级分散体的合成研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸等为共聚单体,丙烯酸酯磷酸酯作为功能单体,丙二醇丁醚为溶剂,过氧化苯甲叔丁酯为引发剂,通过溶液聚合经转相制备了羟基型水性丙烯酸树脂二级分散体。研究了聚合过程中溶剂、引发剂、链转移剂、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯以及丙烯酸酯磷酸酯等因素对分散体性能的影响。优化的配方为:引发剂用量为单体总质量的2%,链转移剂用量1%,丙烯酸用量3%,丙烯酸酯磷酸酯5%,羟基含量3.5%。     

机制砂岩性与级配对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响

为了探究不同岩性、不同级配机制砂对混凝土性能的影响,对三种不同岩性机制砂混凝土及天然河砂混凝土的工作性和抗压强度进行研究。此外,对比分析了四种混凝土在干湿循环制度下的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。结果表明,天然河砂混凝土的工作性优于机制砂混凝土,钙质机制砂混凝土的工作性略好于硅质机制砂混凝土。机制砂混凝土的抗压强度优于天然河砂混凝土,在硫酸盐侵蚀循环作用下的力学性能变化趋势与天然河砂混凝土基本一致。在相同级配条件下,机制砂混凝土的抗蚀系数高于天然河砂混凝土;机制砂岩性并不会对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能带来负面影响。级配良好的机制砂可以增强混凝土抗压强度和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。     

Functional properties of proteins in foods

The measurement of functionality of protein food ingredients has developed somewhat haphazardly, probably due to the wide range of proteins used as ingredients and the diversity of foods. Studies of the physiochemical properties of proteins should enable prediction of a proteins response to process environments and prove more fruitful than many of the empirical measurements of functionality. The effects of pH, salt type and concentration on the phase behaviour of the oilseed globulin and arachin, demonstrates the complexity of protein solubility and the inadequacies of simple tests that have arisen. Studies of the effects of salts and conditioning on meat fibres, coupled with measurement of the location of water in pellets from water holding tests enable the latter to be applied with increased confidence. Comparison of the endothermic transitions observed on heating with the development of storage and loss moduli allow the contributions of domains of skeletal muscle myosin to gel structure to be investigated.     

Aggregation pheromone system of adult gregarious desert locust schistocerca gregaria (forskal)

Six electrophysiologically active aromatic compounds, viz., anisole, benzaldehyde, veratrole, guaiacol, phenylacetonitrile, and phenol, were identified in the volatiles of older-adult male desert locust. Young adults and females of all age groups produced none or only trace quantities of these compounds. Comparison of the aggregation responses of young and older adults to the crude, older-adult, volatile extract and different synthetic blends of the six compounds showed that the aggregation pheromone system of the adult gregarious locust consists of phenylacetonitrile, guaiacol, phenol, and benzaldehyde. Like the crude volatile extract of older males, neither the synthetic blend of the six compounds nor the adult pheromone blend evoked any significant aggregation responses from nymphs. These results confirm our previous report of sexual differentiation in the production of adult aggregation pheromone in the desert locust and of the evidence of two distinct aggregation pheromone systems in the two stages of the insect.     

Molecular mechanics modelling of interfacial energy and flexibility on cellulose

Molecular mechanics modelling is used to calculate the energies of interaction, hence the molecular level energy of adhesion at the interface with crystalline cellulose I of three different photopolymerizable primers and of a polyester varnish at the interface with the primer/cellulose assembly. The energy of interactions for just one of the primers with the statistically most common conformation of amorphous cellulose has also been obtained for comparison. Experimental results of adhesion by a standard peel test and by thermomechanical analysis, in which the effect of viscoelastic energy dissipation by crack tip propagation has been respectively minimized or is not present, hence in which the energy of interfacial interaction is nothing else but the work of adhesion, correlated well with the energies of interaction calculated by molecular mechanics. An equation correlating the energy of interaction at each finish/cellulose interface with the deflection derived by thermomechanical analysis, and with the number of internal bond rotational degrees of freedom as well as the degree of networking of the finish, has been derived and is presented. A relationship between the intrinsic fracture energy Go and the molecular mechanics-derived energy of interaction at the interface equating this to the square of the work of adhesion is obtained and is presented.     

Distribution of birch (Betula SPP.), willow (Salix SPP.), and poplar (Populus SPP.) secondary metabolites and their potential role as chemical defense against herbivores

Isoprenoids and phenolics, major metabolites of important browse species, are reviewed in regard to concentrations, distribution within tissues, and between species. Seasonal variation of specific substances and changes with age of the plant are also considered. The distribution of substances may affect food selection and feeding behavior of animals. Wild mammalian herbivores tend to avoid plant parts rich in these substances, in spite of high nutritional content of the plant tissue. Possible mechanisms for defense by plants against depredation by mammalian herbivores are discussed within the framework of the plants' biochemistry.     

Sr改性Cu催化剂的果糖加氢制备甘露醇性能

使用共沉淀法制备负载Cu催化剂。通过添加碱土金属Sr，对Cu催化剂进行了改性，以提高Cu催化剂在果糖加氢制备甘露醇过程中的活性和选择性。采用ICP-MS、TEM、XRD、H₂-TPR、XPS和CO₂-TPD等对所制备的催化剂进行了系统表征。结果表明：Sr的添加能增大催化剂的比表面积，促进活性组分Cu的分散，从而提高了催化剂的活性，并且增加了催化剂的碱性，使果糖优先形成β-呋喃糖中间体，从而提高了甘露醇的选择性。在果糖浓度为1.1 mol·L^-1、催化剂用量为反应物质量的6%、反应温度为373 K、反应氢压为4.0 MPa、Cu/Sr原子比为7∶1的反应条件下，果糖转化率为99%，甘露醇的选择性为79%。催化剂循环使用了20次，其催化稳定性基本保持不变。     

接触式机械密封界面泄漏机理研究的关键科学问题

密封界面的泄漏机理是机械密封研究与应用的焦点问题之一,涉及泄漏通道表征、粗糙表面的接触力学模型、界面微观形貌变化以及介质流体在泄漏通道中的流动阻力等问题。回顾了近几十年国内外接触式机械密封泄漏通道模型的研究,深入分析了G-W模型、M-B模型和Persson模型3种粗糙表面接触力学模型的贡献和存在的问题,提出了一种基于逾渗理论的泄漏通道新模型;探讨了密封界面的分形参数、泄漏通道的流动阻力以及密封界面的有限尺寸效应对泄漏特性的影响,指出孔隙连通贯穿界面和流体流经贯穿通道的流动阻力小是密封界面产生泄漏的成因,以及泄漏通道的形成和泄漏通道内的流体流动特性是泄漏机理研究的主要方向。     

Measured kinetics of the acid-catalysed hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse to produce xylose

Experimental trials of the water hydrolysis of bagasse to produce xylose, arabinose and glucose were conducted using a temperature-controlled microwave digester. The experimental variables were temperature, ratio of water mass to bagasse mass, type of bagasse material and reaction time. The pH of the liquid and concentration of dissolved xylose, arabinose and glucose were measured at the completion of each trial. Kinetic modelling of the global rates of formation of monosaccharide products was performed using schemes based on earlier researchers’ models of acid hydrolysis using mineral acids. For the most plentiful product, xylose, the most accurate kinetic model of the global reactions was determined to be two parallel pathways for hydrolysis of xylan to xylose followed by a single pathway for xylose decomposition. The calculated activation energies of the reactions were within the range reported by other researchers for the hydrolysis of a range of lignocellulosic materials using mineral acids.     

Biogenic and bio‐structured inorganic materials in heterogeneous catalysis: a brief overview

This mini‐review highlights some research results related to the production and application of biogenic and biomorphic materials in catalysis. Such approaches are of interest for the preparation of materials of unusual and well defined morphology, as well as the recovery of valuable resources from waste streams. Areas covered are the application of biogenic iron oxide occurring as a natural waste in the form of iron ochre which can cause issues in water management, the application of biogenic manganese oxide materials formed from manganese rich media (and therefore possibly playing a role in water remediation), the application of bacteria for the preparation of metal nanoparticles of potential relevance to precious metal recovery from waste streams and the application of natural biological materials as templates for biomorphic inorganic materials of controlled and unusual uniform morphology. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry