次氧化锌酸性浸出液中直接萃取铟

针对现行湿法炼锌综合回收铟过程中存在的铟分散损失严重和直收率低的问题,采用直接萃取法从次氧化锌酸性浸出液中回收铟,考察了萃取剂浓度、混合时间、硫酸浓度和萃取温度等因素对铟及主要金属离子萃取率及盐酸浓度和相比对铟反萃率的影响,绘制了萃取平衡等温线和反萃平衡等温线,进行了小型模拟实验和连续逆流萃取-反萃实验,重点考察主要金属离子在萃取和反萃过程中的分布与走向.结果表明,以10%P204为有机相,在相比(A/O)为2/1、逆流萃取级数为3级的条件下,浸出液中铟萃取率达99.9%,杂质铁、锌和镉的萃取率分别为1.5%,0.5%和1.1%.得到的负载有机相采用6 mol/L盐酸反萃,相比为1/5时4级反萃后,铟反萃率达100%,镉、锌和铁基本被全部反萃,反萃后的贫有机相可循环使用.     

硫酸介质中P507萃取Fe~(3+)的实验研究

本文以硫酸铁为料液,用2-乙基-己基膦酸-单2-乙基己基酯(P507)萃取剂在硫酸介质中萃取Fe3+。研究了温度、时间、P507的浓度、初始酸度、相比等因素对Fe3+萃取率的影响,以及有机相的反萃工艺。研究结果表明:温度为25℃,平衡时间为35min,初始氢离子浓度为0.4 mol/L,相比A/O=2/1,P507的体积分数为35%的条件下,水相经过四级逆流萃取,Fe3+的萃取率可达99.66%;反萃酸度为4 mol/LHCl,相比A/O=1/2,反萃时间为7min,经三级逆流反萃,反萃率可达到99.90%,有机相可以循环使用。     

用氨化P507从三元锂电池电极材料硫酸浸出液中提纯浓缩镍钴锰

研究了用氨化P507从三元锂电池电极材料硫酸浸出液中萃取镍、钴、锰,考察了萃取过程中生成沉淀的影响因素及沉淀组分,考察了萃取时震荡时间、初始水相pH及相比对镍钴锰总萃取率的影响;用串级萃取槽考察了六级逆流萃取条件下镍钴锰总萃取率,六级逆流反萃条件下反萃液pH对镍钴锰锌反萃取率的影响。结果表明:萃取过程中生成的沉淀为Ni(NH4)2(SO4)2·6H2O;为避免沉淀生成,有机相皂化率需控制在50%以内,水相中镍质量浓度需小于16 g/L,镍钴锰总金属质量浓度需小于30 g/L;对30%P507+70%磺化煤油有机相,皂化率为50%,与水相混合振荡萃取,控制Vo/VA=3/1,萃取时间4 min,单级萃取率达78.5%,六级萃取率达99.99%;反萃液控制pH控制在3左右,镍钴锰总收率为99.95%,反萃液中镍钴锰总质量浓度大于100 g/L,浓缩结晶得到的硫酸盐纯度由原来的99%提纯至99.99%。     

从高钙油田水老卤提取硼酸的研究

以青海高钙油田水老卤为原料,考察了萃取相比（有机相与水相的体积比）、异辛醇体积分数、反萃相比等因素对硼萃取和反萃的影响。结果表明：在以磺化煤油为稀释剂、异辛醇体积分数为50%、萃取相比为1、萃取时间为15 min条件下,经过3级逆流萃取,硼的萃取率达到93.22%;在盐酸浓度为0.1 mol/L、反萃相比为1、反萃时间为15 min条件下,经过3级逆流反萃,硼的反萃率达到98.25%。采用异辛醇萃取—盐酸反萃—高温蒸发-低温冷却—重溶-冷却—过虑洗涤—干燥的工艺,可制得符合GB/T 538—2006《工业硼酸》要求的硼酸产品。     

中空纤维支撑液膜萃取法提铟工艺比较研究

采用中空纤维支撑液膜(SLM)技术,模拟酸性铟渣浸出液,以磷酸二异辛酯(P204)、磺化煤油体积比3:7为液膜萃取相,盐酸溶液为反萃相,研究了单组件膜萃取系统、双膜组件萃取-反萃系统、双膜组件萃取-超滤系统对酸性浸出液中In的提取与分离效率。结果表明,双膜组件萃取-超滤技术可同时实现浸出液中In的提取与反萃液中In的高纯度富集,浸出液中In的提取率可达90%以上,反萃液中In含量可达浸出液中In含量的70%,In的质量分数高于90%。     

用P507从硫酸体系中萃取分离镓与铁锌离子

采用P507萃取剂对硫酸体系中的Ga3+与Fe2+, Zn2+进行萃取分离,考察了料液酸度、萃取剂浓度、时间、温度对萃取的影响,绘制萃取等温线;通过比较负载有机相中3种离子用不同浓度HCl和H2SO4反萃的效果及规律,提出用HCl洗脱Fe2+和Zn2+后,再用H2SO4反萃Ga3+的分离方案,并绘制反萃等温线. 结果表明,以40%(j) P507+磺化煤油为有机相,在相比O/A=1:1、温度25℃、时间20 min条件下,经过4级逆流萃取,Ga3+萃取率可达98.48%,同时19.56%的Fe2+和38.42%的Zn2+共萃进入有机相. 负载有机相用6 mol/L HCl洗涤3次可完全洗脱Fe2+和Zn2+而不损失Ga3+,除Fe2+和Zn2+后的负载有机相用100 g/L H2SO4按O/A=4:1、25℃、10 min,经过4级逆流反萃,Ga3+反萃率达97.64%.     

P507与Cyanex272协同萃取分离溶液中钴镍离子

采用P507与Cyanex272协同萃取分离回收浸出液中的Ni2+, Co2+,考察了初始pH值、有机相复配比(P/C)和水油相比(A/O)的影响. 结果表明,协萃优化条件为：有机相皂化率50%,皂化时间30 min;有机相组成为10%复配萃取剂[P507:Cyanex272为3:2(j)]+85%磺化煤油+5% TBP;相比为3:1,水相pH值为2.5. 在此条件下,Co2+的一级萃取率为92.96%. 利用200 g/L硫酸反萃负载有机相,在相比2:3、振荡强度225 r/min、时间4 min的条件下,Co2+的反萃率为98.68%,实现了低pH值下Ni2+和Co2+的萃取分离.     

磷酸三丁酯/丁酸乙酯体系协同萃取提锂的研究

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂、丁酸乙酯(EB)和FeCl_3为协萃剂,煤油为稀释剂,从盐湖卤水中进行了萃取提锂的实验研究。系统考察了卤水酸度、萃取剂浓度、铁锂摩尔比、相比等因素对锂萃取率的影响。体系的最佳工艺条件为:TBP、EB、煤油的体积分数分别为40%、20%和40%;卤水酸度为0.05 mol/L;Fe/Li摩尔比为1.5;相比为O/A=2/1;反萃剂为2 mol/L的HCl,反萃相比O/A=1/1。在最佳萃取条件下,锂的单级萃取率最高可达87.12%。应用稀盐酸对负载有机相进行反萃,锂的单级反萃率超过90%。本文的研究结果表明:TBP/EB/FeCl_3/煤油体系对从盐湖卤水中分离锂具有较好的应用前景。     

溶剂萃取法分离锌锰金属离子的实验研究

以软锰矿和锌精矿同槽酸浸取得到硫酸锌、硫酸锰混合液,研究了从混合溶液中萃取分离锌离子、锰离子的萃取剂的选择以及适宜的萃取条件.实验结果表明,磷酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(P204)萃取锌的能力优于磷酸三丁酯(TBP),在室温、相比A/O=2∶ 1、萃取时间10 min、萃取级数5级、溶液pH为4.0,P204的体积分数为40%时,萃取率达到95%,萃取相锌质量浓度为27.15 g/L.反萃液为0.8 mol/L的稀硫酸,4级反萃,反萃液锌质量浓度可达到89.9 g/L,在此基础上提出了从软锰矿和锌精矿同槽酸浸取液中用P204萃取锌的工艺.     

溶剂萃取法从低品位高黏土浸出液中提取锂的研究

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂、甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)为稀释剂、FeCl₃为共萃剂，采用溶剂萃取法开展从高黏土浸出液中分离提取锂的研究，考察了水相组成、负载有机相金属离子种类、负载有机相AlCl₃浓度、有机相TBP浓度、Fe与Li物质的量比、相比等因素对萃取性能的影响。结果表明，当水相组成确定为0.028 8 mol/L LiCl+0.036 5 mol/L FeCl₃+2 mol/L AlCl₃、负载有机相金属离子为Al3+、负载有机相中AlCl₃浓度为2 mol/L、TBP体积分数为50%、Fe与Li物质的量比为1.7、萃取相比(有机相与水相的体积比)为2∶1时，萃取效果最佳。为了实现负载有机相的循环使用，3 mol/L HCl和1 mol/L Na₂CO₃分别被确定为反萃液和再生液。此外，采用三级逆流串级实验进行锂的串级萃取实验，经串级实验后，锂的萃取率达到了99.72%。以上研究结果表明TBP-MIBK-FeCl_3...     

Synergistic Effect of D2EHPA and Cyanex 272 on Separation of Zinc and Manganese by Solvent Extraction

The effect of bis-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA), bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272), and tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) and their mixtures in various proportions for the separation and extraction of zinc and manganese from sulfate solutions were investigated. Experiments were carried out in the pH range of 0.5–5.0 at 25, 40, and 60°C. It was shown that the extraction of zinc and manganese by D2EHPA and/or Cyanex 272 can be increased by the increase in pH and temperature. The synergistic extraction and separation of zinc and manganese with a mixture of D2EHPA and Cyanex 272 was studied and the results showed that mixing the two extractants improved the extraction capacity of the mixture. Increasing the D2EHPA to Cyanex 272 ratio in the organic phase, caused a right shifting of extraction isotherms of manganese and zinc; shifting the manganese curve was more than zinc. The manganese curve had considerable right shifting with 5% D2EHPA and 15% Cyanex 272. TBP did not affect the zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) extraction. The stoichiometric coefficients of Zn and Mn were determined with 20% and 5% D2EHPA and 15% Cyanex 272 by applying the slope analysis method. The organic phase was stripped by sulfuric acid.     

Investigating the Synergistic Effect of D2EHPA and Cyanex 302 on Zinc and Manganese Separation

The synergistic effect of Cyanex 302 on the extraction of zinc and manganese with D2EHPA in sulfate media was investigated. Experiments were carried out in the pH range of 1.0–5.0, temperature of 23, 40, and 60°C with sole D2EHPA and Cyanex 302 as extractant and D2EHPA to Cyanex 302 ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1. The experimental results showed that the co-extraction of zinc and manganese increased with increasing equilibrium pH and temperature. Increasing the D2EHPA to Cyanex 302 ratio in the organic phase, caused a left shifting of the extraction isotherm of zinc and a right shifting of the extraction isotherm of manganese. Thus, a better separation of zinc over manganese was achieved. At low pHs, the separation factor is low when pure D2EHPA is used as an extractant; however, using Cyanex 302 as a synergist, the separation factor increases and results in a better separation of zinc from manganese. Stoichiometric coefficient of zinc for single D2EHPA and Cyanex 302 and their mixture was calculated to be close to 6.     

Separation of Cobalt and Zinc from Manganese,Magnesium, and Calcium using a Synergistic Solvent Extraction System Consisting of Versatic 10 and LIX 63

Abstract

The Boleo leach solution contains large amounts of manganese (45 g/L), magnesium (25 g/L) and small amounts of cobalt (0.2 g/L) and zinc (1 g/L) in sea water. Due to the high manganese concentration, it is very difficult to separate cobalt and zinc from manganese, magnesium, and calcium using conventional solvent-extraction processes, which has led to the development of a synergistic solvent extraction (SSX) system consisting of Versatic 10 and LIX®63. By adding 0.4 M LIX 63 to 0.5 M Versatic 10, large synergistic shifts were obtained for cobalt (max. ΔpH₅₀ 4.24) and zinc (max. ΔpH₅₀ 1.62). After a single contact at pH 4.5, the extraction of cobalt was almost complete and that of zinc 80%. The extraction of manganese was 1.55%, and almost no magnesium and calcium were extracted, indicating excellent separation of cobalt and good separation of zinc from manganese, magnesium, and calcium. The SSX system was further optimized to reduce the co-extraction of manganese with the synthetic Boleo demonstration plant solution. It was found that with 0.33 M Versatic 10 and 0.30 M LIX 63, the SSX system composition approached optimum. After a single contact at pH 5.5, the extractions of cobalt and zinc were 93% and 70%, respectively, while the manganese concentration in the loaded organic solution was only 0.28 g/L. The extraction and stripping kinetics of cobalt and zinc were rapid. The SSX system was tested in two integrated pilot-plant trials with excellent results. Baja Mining has planned to implement the SSX circuit in their future Boleo plant.     

铟、锌参与的水相烯丙基化反应

水相烯丙基化反应是水相金属有机反应中研究比较深入的反应之一,许多金属如铟、锌、锡、锰、镁、锑等均可参与水相烯丙基化反应。本文概述了近年来研究比较多的铟、锌金属参与的水相烯丙基化反应的研究情况。     

Extraction of Chloride Ions from Zinc-Bearing Waste Lixivium by Trioctyl Amine (TOA)

This paper presents research on separating Cl^? from zinc-bearing waste lixivium by using trioctylamine as an extractant, 2-octanol as a solvent, and sulfonated kerosene as a diluent. The effects of trioctylamine concentration, organic/aqueous phase ratio, extracting stages, and waste lixivium pH were investigated, and the process of stripping was also discussed. The optimal conditions were achieved. The extraction efficiency, separation factor, and stripping efficiency were calculated with optimal values of 99.47%, 595, and 99.99%, respectively. Besides, the extractant regenerated after stripping was observed without the emulsifying phenomenon. The mechanism of extraction and stripping was also discussed.     

Flüssig/Flüssig‐Extraktion von Indium aus sauren Lösungen

The extraction of indium from a synthetic sulfate‐containing solution using commercial reagents (Cyanex 272, DEHPA, and Cyanex 923) is evaluated on a comparative basis. The extraction profiles of indium (III) were examined with regard to the reagent concentration, the pH value of the aqueous solution, and the indium concentration in a low phase ratio of 1:10. DEHPA and Cyanex 272 are, in contrast to Cyanex 923, very well suited for the extraction of indium. Re‐extraction with HCl and H₂SO₄ is compared.     

Investigations of Electrical Properties in Silica/Indium Tin Oxide Two-Layer Film for Effective Electromagnetic Shielding

The effect of zinc ions added to silica film on the electrical and structural properties of a silica/indium tin oxide two-layer film which had been prepared by solution coating for electromagnetic shielding of displays was studied. The volume resistivity of the undoped silica/indium tin oxide film was more than 3 times as high as that of the zinc-doped silica/indium tin oxide film. The addition of divalent cations, zinc ions, to the overcoated layer led volume resistivity of the two-layer film to decrease significantly and also caused a long-term increase in stability. The decrease in volume resistivity was due to the addition of zinc ions that changed the interface ionization and helped to enhance the electrical conductivity in the two-layer film.     

Selective adsorption for indium(III) from industrial wastewater using chemically modified sawdust

Abstract-To selectively adsorb indium(III) in industrial wastewater coexisting with zinc(II), the surface of sawdust was modified into phosphate groups through chemical reaction. Among various manufacturing methods, phosphorylated sawdsust made from using non-grinding sawdust with same ratio (based on volume) of H₃PO₄ and distilled water had a very high selectivity to indium(III), which shows removal efficiency of about 90% with 1.0 g at pH 3.5. Meanwhile, in case of zinc(II), there is almost no adsorption onto phosphorylated sawdust. The surface condition and phosphorus content of phosphorylated sawdust were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photograph and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectrum. Also, the effects of loading of adsorbent and time on selective adsorption characteristics of indium(III) were investigated.     

Storage characteristics of mercury-free alkaline manganese batteries

The amount and distribution of additive species in zinc alloy particles containing 0.025wt% bismuth modified with 0.10wt% indium for mercury-free alkaline manganese batteries were examined after storage at various discharging levels at 60°C. The amount of hydrogen gas evolution due to the self-discharging reactions of zinc and the internal cell impedance were also evaluated. The amount of additive species in the zinc alloy particles was found to increase with increasing depth of discharge. Indium was homogeneously distributed on the surface even after partial discharge and also after storage for 1200h at 60°C. This behaviour is considered to contribute to the suppression of hydrogen gas evolution and increase in the internal cell impedance to the same level as when mercury is employed. As a result, mercury-free alkaline manganese batteries showed the same storage characteristics as conventional batteries containing mercury.