不确定交货时间下基于BOM下线结算的供应链协同供货

构建了交货时间不确定且需求价格时间敏感下基于物料清单下线结算的两供应商—单制造商协同供货模型。在对问题进行相关描述和假设后,分析了不考虑协同供货的供应链收益决策模型,并对供应商和制造商的最优决策进行了分析,然后对考虑协同供货的供应链收益模型进行了分析并推导出最优解的性质。数例分析比较了不考虑协同供货和考虑协同供货两种决策模式下的供应链收益和最优解的差异。结果表明,考虑协同供货决策的供应链收益要明显大于不考虑协同供货决策的供应链收益,而考虑协同供货决策下制造商的产品最优销售价格和供应商的最优协议提前期均小于不考虑协同决策。     

供应商产出随机下基于风险共享的供应链协同模型

为降低供应链上游的供应风险,研究了供应商随机产出下两供应商-单制造商系统在溢出库存惩罚下的风险共享协同模型。分析了集中决策下供应链系统最优批量决策,以及溢出库存惩罚下供应商和制造商各自的最优批量决策;证明了在存在溢出库存惩罚下,供应商和供应商、供应商和制造商之间存在纳什均衡,且纳什均衡下供应链利润不大于供应链系统的最优利润值。为达到供应链系统的最优利润,提出了溢出库存惩罚下基于风险共享的供应链协同模型。通过案例分析说明,制造商通过调整满足一定关系的订货量、制造商风险共享系数和供应商风险共享系数,能使得独立决策下供应链达到集中决策下的供应链利润。     

基于后市场服务联盟的服务供应链协调策略

针对质保期内制造商和供应商组成后市场服务联盟联合向客户提供后市场服务时的后市场服务供应链协调问题,考虑后市场服务水平对产品需求的影响,建立了集中决策下供应链系统以及分散决策下制造商和供应商的利润模型。通过分析和比较集中决策和分散决策下制造商和供应商的最优决策,设计了一种基于后市场服务成本分担和收益共享的复合契约对分散决策下的服务供应链进行协调,给出了服务供应链达到协调的条件,使该契约下的制造商和供应商实现了双赢。通过算例分析,验证了后市场服务供应链协调契约的有效性。     

绿色供应链技术创新与合作伙伴选择决策研究

绿色技术是提高绿色供应链竞争力的关键，对于绿色供应链成员选择合作伙伴的决策也具有重要影响。基于绿色技术创新与技术共享两个重要因素，采用非合作—合作两型博弈模型分析了由1个供应商和3个制造商组成的两级绿色供应链绿色技术创新与合作伙伴选择的问题。在合作博弈阶段采用宗系解对绿色供应链成员进行收益分配，在非合作博弈阶段得出绿色供应链成员共享绿色技术或进行绿色技术创新的最优决策并得到纯策略纳什均衡。研究结果表明：在不考虑制造商进行绿色技术创新的情况下，供应商优先选择本身实力强劲的制造商作为合作伙伴；进一步地，只有在共享绿色技术成本较低时供应商才会选择技术共享以增加绿色供应链的整体利润。另一方面，在考虑制造商进行绿色技术创新的情况下，实力强的制造商依然具有较大的优势，而相对较弱的制造商只有在绿色技术创新收益高出强劲制造商时，供应商才会选择其作为合作伙伴。研究结论有助于展现绿色供应链伙伴选择的内在机理，对绿色供应链的管理实践有一定的理论和现实意义。     

天平计量仪器多渠道的价格策略

构建了基于价格竞争的多渠道价格策略研究模型,该模型可适用于不同供应链上的制造商进行简单的纵向与横向的价格博弈,以制造商为主分析不同决策下的销售价格策略.在整个市场范围内,采用Stackelberg价格博弈竞争策略分析供应链纵向价格策略,以均衡的原则完成供应链横向博弈的价格策略.通过实例分析表明:在面对市场上新的寡头制造商竞争时,拥有双渠道营销方式的制造商采取集中利润决策有利于提高其所在供应链的利润,采用分散利润决策能够在一定程度上削弱竞争对手的利润,激励零售商维持原有分销渠道,促进渠道内部利润的重新分配.     

基于Supply-Hub的两源供货横向协同策略研究

在装配制造供应链中,为了避免供应中断的风险,制造商往往向多个供应商采购相同的零部件,即采用多源供货方式。近年来,随着越来越多的装配制造企业采用准时制(Just in time,JIT)方式进行生产运作,Supply-Hub模式作为一种有效支持JIT运作的供应物流运作模式,在装配制造供应链中也逐渐得到了广泛应用。Supply-Hub不仅是供应链中零部件物流的枢纽节点,更重要的是,它还起到信息集中平台的作用,掌握各方供应商的库存和补货信息,这使供应相同零件的供应商之间实现横向协同运作成为可能。目前,虽然已有较多关于多源供货问题的研究文献,但仍还没有文献涉及供应同种零件的供应商之间横向协同的问题。基于Supply-Hub模式,通过数学建模分析,研究一种两个供应相同零件的供应商利用Supply-Hub,在横向共享库存信息条件下的协同补货策略,并通过算例对该协同补货策略的有效性进行验证分析。研究结果表明,运用横向协同补货策略,在不降低系统服务水平的情况下,可以明显降低供应链系统的总成本。     

考虑社会责任的闭环供应链决策与协调

为研究社会责任承担对闭环供应链决策和盈利性的影响,进而协调考虑社会责任承担的闭环供应链,构建了由单一制造商和单一零售商组成的闭环供应链,分别在集中决策和制造商作为Stackelberg博弈领导者的分散决策模式下研究了闭环供应链的定价、社会责任承担水平和回收率决策,进一步分析了社会责任承担效应对决策变量和利润的影响,探讨了两部定价契约和收入共享契约对分散决策下闭环供应链的协调作用,并通过算例进行论证。研究表明:与集中决策相比,分散决策存在利润损失,零售价、社会责任承担水平、回收率和供应链利润均与社会责任承担效应正相关,两部定价契约和收入共享契约均可实现闭环供应链的协调,而收入共享契约的灵活性更强。     

基于随机回收和有限库存的逆向供应链决策分析

针对逆向供应链成员企业库存容量有限的问题,构建了由制造商和回收商构成的二级逆向供应链模型。综合考虑制造商再制造率、回收商努力程度和政府奖惩补贴等因素,分别讨论了Stackelberg博弈和集中式决策下双方的决策行为,其中Stackelberg博弈考虑制造商和回收商分别租用第三方库存两种情况。通过算例分析了决策变量和第三方库存设施对逆向供应链各企业收益的影响。研究结果表明:在第三方库存条件一定时,集中式决策优于Stackelberg博弈;在分散式决策下,与回收商负责租用第三方库存相比,制造商租用第三方库存可使各方决策更优,并能使供应链整体效益更高。     

在线零售商价格折扣下的供应链合作广告策略

为研究在线渠道提供价格折扣对合作广告策略的影响,考虑由一个制造商和一个在线零售商组成的两级供应链系统,通过构建价格折扣和合作广告需求模型,分别求得集中决策和Stackelberg主从博弈下均衡的合作广告策略。研究结果表明,随着价格折扣的增大,制造商品牌广告投入及其对在线零售商促销广告投入的分担比例相应提高,在线零售商促销广告的变化与价格折扣程度相关。进一步对比了集中决策和Stackelberg主从博弈下均衡的系统利润水平,给出了一个双向参与合作广告协调策略,实现了供应链协调。     

基于政府激励的再制造闭环供应链定价策略及协调机制研究

针对一类由制造商、零售商组成的再制造闭环供应链系统,考虑政府奖惩激励措施,应用博弈论方法研究了新产品和再制造产品无差别定价时集中决策和分散决策模式下的定价策略,得出了闭环供应链成员的最优定价策略和最终利润。研究表明,政府激励环境中一定条件下闭环供应链的集中决策效率高于Stackelberg的博弈分散决策,通过设计一个收益共享协调定价机制,合理分配了制造商与零售商的利润,实现了闭环供应链的协调,进而分析了政府奖惩激励环境下闭环供应链协调运作中再制造过程利润超过制造过程的再制造优先条件,对再制造优先运作模式进行了探索。     

Supply coordination based on bonus policy in assembly under uncertain delivery time

The existing research of supply coordination under uncertain delivery time mainly focuses on the collaboration between the supplier and the manufacturer, which aim at minimizing the total cost of each side and finding comparative optimal solutions under decentralized decision. In the supply coordination, the collaboration between suppliers in assembly system is usually not considered. As a result, the manufacturer’s production is often delayed due to mismatching delivery of components between suppliers. Therefore, to ensure supply coordination in assembly system, collaboration between suppliers should be taken into consideration. In this paper, an assembly system with two suppliers and one manufacturer under uncertain delivery time is considered. The model is established and optimal solution is given under decentralized decision. Furthermore, the cost functions of two suppliers are both convex, and a unique Nash equilibrium exists between two suppliers. Then the optimal decision under supply coordination is analyzed, which is regarded as a benchmark for supply coordination. Additionally, the total cost of the assembly system is jointly convex in agreed delivery time. To achieve supply coordination a bonus policy is explored in the assembly system under uncertain delivery time, and the total cost under bonus policy must be lower than under decentralized decision. Finally the numerical and sensitivity analysis shows the cost of assembly system under bonus policy equals that under supply coordination, and the cost of each side in assembly system under bonus policy is lower compared to that under decentralized decision. The proposed research minimizes the total cost of each side with bonus policy in assembly system, ensures the supply coordination between suppliers and the manufacturer, and improves the competiveness of the whole supply chain.     

民机研制供应商质量管理体系评价

对主制造商-供应商研制模式下的供应商质量对飞机研制的影响做了探讨,叙述了不同类型供应商的质量体系评价原则,主要包括体系标准、审核要素、审核周期、不符合项更改等指标。对于供应商绩效考核则主要依据其在飞机研制中的重要度等级采取不同周期和内容的考核方式,通过上述供应商质量体系的评价与考核,可以首先选择通过AS/EN/JAN9100标准的公司,最大限度地降低供应商选择的风险。     

Synchronization in multi-echelon supply chain applying timing discount

Due to the increasing emphasis on the effective management of the supply chain, synchronization and cooperation issues between suppliers and retailers in decentralized multi-echelon inventory/distribution systems have gained much attention in the recent years. In this paper, we consider coordination issues of a distribution system composed of a manufacturer, a supplier (distributor), and several retailers. The supplier outsourcing a third party offers a timing discount to multiple retailers in order to synchronize the timing of their orders with the order cycle. It is also assumed that retailers are allowed to face stock outs. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to analyze the problem. Results show that while synchronizing the supplier and the outsourcer enhances the supply chain efficiency, offering any type of timing discount by the supplier decreases the supply chain efficiency. It is also noted that having coordination between the manufacturer and the supplier has no impact on the supplier’s profit but may decrease the retailer’s costs. It is believed that our findings provide potential and significant managerial implications in the area of supply chain coordination when these systems are decentralized.     

熵在供应链复杂性研究中的应用

供应链的网状结构决定了其在复杂多变的市场中将不可避免要面对诸多不确定因素。本文把熵论应用到供应链复杂性的研究中 ,提出了量化分析模型与方法。通过量化分析 ,可以清楚地看到供应链各节点之间复杂性产生的原因以及复杂性沿供应链在上下游合作伙伴之间的传递过程 ,并且可以将复杂性比较准确地加以量化 ,为进一步有效地控制降低整个供应链的复杂性奠定基础     

基于质量追溯的面向订单装配的供应链质量控制机制设计

考虑最终产品制造商作为面向订单装配系统的供应链核心企业,并采用质量追溯对零部件供应商进行质量控制,建立了基于质最追溯的面向订单装配的供应链质量控制模型,并对模型进行了理论及数值仿真分析,得出了最终产品制造商的最优质量控制机制,包括零部件采购价格、供应商赔偿系数和利润转移最等.研究表明,当零部件供应商的保留收益较小时,最终产品制造商可以设计出合理的零部件采购价格和供应商赔偿系数,使供应商在自利行为驱使下按制造商设定的质量水平提供零部件;当零部件供应商的保留收益较大时,则需要设计利润转移机制,以修正质量控制机制,促使供应商自愿选择其要求的质量水平,最大化最终产品制造商的利润.     

Effects concerning quality level with the increase in production rate

In the case of the manufacturer?Csupplier relationship, suppliers are often advised to speedup their activities or expedite their operations. This leads to enhancing the production rate. In many cases, quality defects increase with an increase in production rate. In the absence of a suitable analytical tool, a supplier may become hesitant to decide in favor of this decision. In previous research by the author, a modification has been suggested concerning the flexibility in production rate. That formulation has been used with an inclusion of quality level to analyze the discussed case in this paper. Every company also faces this problem from time to time whether it is in supply chain relationship or independent. The proposed discussion is expected to be useful in many business/industrial situations.     

Analyzing the interaction of critical factors of supplier development using Interpretive Structural Modeling—an empirical study

In order to compete effectively in the global market, a company must have a network of competent suppliers. To create and maintain such a network and to improve various capabilities that are necessary for the buying organization to meet its increasing competitive challenges, the buying firms may engage in supplier development. To improve the supplier capabilities, the buying organizations have to consider various supplier development factors such as supplier base, communication with suppliers, direct involvement of suppliers, etc. Their significance and the role in supplier development process are also to be considered. These factors not only affect the supplier development process but also influence each other. However, the methodologies used in supplier development literature analyze the factors independently. This paper attempts to overcome the above, by analyzing the interrelationship between the supplier development factors. The Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach has employed to develop the structural relationship among supplier development factors and also tried to define the levels of different factors based on their driver/dependence power and their mutual relationships. Finally, the ISM result is compared with empirical study and a case study.     

基于供应链的汽车协配件供应商选择方法研究

针对供应链中汽车协配件供应商的评价和选择 ,分别从供应商的技术开发能力 ,产品的质量及质量保证能力 ,价格的合理性 ,供货能力、服务水平等方面构建了两层评价指标 ,同时考虑到有关数据和指标难免带有一定的模糊性和主观性 ,因此应用模糊综合评判方法建立了供应商选择的模糊多目标多层次综合模型 ,并以MFD载重车公司为例进行了实证研究。     

基于DM的供应商战略评估和选择的研究

数据仓库和数据挖掘技术已经在供应链的下游部分,即客户关系管理部分应用的比较成熟,但在供应链的上游部分,即供应商管理方面应用的还不是很成熟。如何对现有的供应商进行战略评估,选出优秀的供应商进行长期战略合作,淘汰不合格的供应商;如何从成千上万个新供应商中客观、准确地选出对自身最有价值的供应商,是企业非常关心的问题。本文将数据仓库和数据挖掘技术应用于供应商战略评估和选择,辅助采购决策者作出科学、合理的决策。     

利用作业成本法进行供应商的选择与评价

现代管理思想的采用和全球竞争的加剧,促使越来越多的企业将自己的非核心业务实行外包,并建立和维持长期稳固的采购供应商关系,采用科学的方法对供应商进行评价、选择和组合至关重要,传统的供应商评价和选择方法具有主观性过强等缺点,利用作业成本法可以有效地克服这些缺点,本文在简要叙述作业2成本法的基本概念的基础上,详细分析了对供应商进行评价和选择时采用作业成本法的一般模型,计算实例,分析了作业成本法在评价和选择供应商方面的适用条件;最后,分析了基于作业成本法的供应商评价和选择的决策支持系统的一般框架。