基于Supply-Hub的供应物流协同运作研究综述与展望

分析Supply-Hub在供应物流协同运作中的实践情况,探讨Supply-Hub的基本概念;回顾基于Supply-Hub的供应物流协同运作模式的研究情况;从库存协同、供应商管理的库存(Vendor managed inventory,VMI)集成,准时制(Just in time,JIT)生产方式技术,生产和配送协同,其他运作模式和技术四个方面分析基于Supply-Hub的供应物流协同运作与优化研究进展;在此基础上,提出基于Supply-Hub的供应物流协同运作优化存在的主要问题;通过对已有研究成果的比较分析和制造企业的实践调查研究,阐述基于Supply-Hub的供应物流协同运作与优化研究趋势和方向。     

大规模定制环境下ATO供应链的混合补货策略

考虑按订单装配供应链由一个制造商和多个零部件供应商组成,按订单装配制造商对部分零部件采用准时制生产补货,其余零部件采用(Q,r)补货,建立了大规模定制环境下的按订单装配供应链零部件生产补货模型,研究了按订单装配制造商的混合补货策略和零部件供应商的生产策略,给出了制造商采用准时制生产补货方式的条件和供应链最优生产补货策略的寻优算法.理论和数值仿真分析表明,制造商应对采购价格较高、提前期较长或需求方差较大的零部件采用准时制生产补货方式,能够降低供应链库存成本,提高供应链利润.     

供求不确定下的通用零部件供应商协同研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对供应链中零部件供应和产品需求的不确定性,构建了通用零部件供应商与多个专用零部件供应商之间的横向协同供应机制。考虑了专用零部件分散决策、通用零部件分散决策和通用零部件协同供应三种模型,通过数学推导和Monte Carlo模拟仿真,比较了三种模型的最优期望利润及差异。结果显示:协同供应能够减少或消除核心制造商的库存成本浪费、提高利润,但协同的价值和效果明显依赖于协同努力成本。     

基于ASP平台的供应链协同运作模式研究

激烈的市场竞争环境给供应链管理模式下的制造企业提出了新的发展要求,供应链协同是改进消费者服务,减少库存,减少供应链成本,提升竞争力,提高消费者忠诚度的一条途径.为了实现供应链协同运作的目的,需要在跨平台、跨应用方面达成协同并实现协同管理.通过研究开发网络化制造环境下供应链协同的企业动态联盟运作模式,建立基于应用服务供应商(ASP)的供应链协同运作平台,实现集成企业中采购、库存生产计划等业务过程的管理协同和信息协同,增强对市场需求不确定性的快速反应能力,提高供应链的整体竞争力.     

协同供应下的库存控制及供应商选择

针对制造企业的多源采购问题,以协同技术为基础,研究单一产品多源供应情况下的库存优化控制和供应商选择.基于供应商的能力约束,以平均库存成本最低为优化目标,建立了非线性整数规划模型,并提供了一种混合求解策略,为企业的多源库存控制提供理论依据.     

基于时间的供应商管理库存整合补货模式下的牛鞭效应研究

为比较基于时间的供应商管理库存整合补货模式和传统补货模式对零售业供应链中牛鞭效应的影响,概述了供应商管理库存在零售业供应链中的应用情况,构建了两种补货模式的系统动力学模型。通过仿真,定量地比较了两种补货模式中供应商和零售商对泊松流随机需求输入的订单响应率的波动。另外,为了比较基于时间的供应商管理库存整合补货模式下补货周期对牛鞭效应的影响,通过改变参数设置模拟了不同补货周期下供应商和零售商的订单响应率波动。结果显示,与传统模式相比,基于时间的供应商管理库存整合补货对牛鞭效应有明显的改善;供应商管理库存整合补货的补货周期对牛鞭效应存在明显的影响,较长周期下的牛鞭效应相对于较短周期要严重。     

一对多供应链在传统、信息共享和供应商管理库存模式下的绩效比较

比较分析了一对多两阶段供应链在传统、信息共享和供应商管理库存三种供应链管理模式下的供应链绩效,其中绩效指标选取为平均成本.针对三种模式分别构建了供应商、零售商以及供应链整体的运作模型,给出了其成本的解析表达式,最后通过数值实验的方法,比较了三种模式下的供应链绩效.结果表明,对于零售商和整个供应链而言,信息共享模式优于传统模式,并且供应商管理库存模式优于信息共享模式;而对于供应商而言,信息共享和供应商管理库存模式均优于传统模式,但供应商管理库存模式与信息共享模式相比,在一定条件下,有可能带来供应商成本的增加.     

不确定条件下的多供应商—单制造商同步供货模型研究

装配式生产系统尽管已经在汽车、电子等众多行业中得到了广泛应用,但如何协调供应商之间及时、同步地供货依然是这类系统中存在的一个难题。以装配系统为研究对象,建立两供应商对单制造商的准时供货模型。在制造商采取货齐付款方式的前提下,考虑当每个供应商的供货时间均不确定时,供应商和制造商应如何进行相应的生产及要货时间决策。通过与系统在集中模式下的决策进行对比,找到供应链协同运作的必要条件。研究不仅考虑供应商与制造商之间的纵向博弈问题,而且研究供应商之间的横向博弈问题。研究结果表明,在货齐付款的结算方式下,供应商和制造商能采取最优的时间决策以最小化自身成本,并且供应链整体服务水平无论在集中决策还是分散决策下均保持不变。     

JIT方式在德国引起争议

JIT(Just in Time)方式目前正处于普及阶段。但是,在德国对JIT持批判态度的趋势正在发展。JIT的基本思想是通过缩短零件的供应周期,避免或减少零件库存。但是,就现实情况而言,汽车制造企业搞JIT只不过是将零件库存形式从总厂转移到了下属企     

常熟纺机借ERP改造生产供应链

常熟纺织机械厂有限公司(下文简称"纺机厂")是中国最大的生产各类有梭织机和无梭织机用多臂装置、提花装置的专业制造厂.企业生产的"长方牌"织机开口装置驰名国内外,市场占有率高达80%,深受纺织业界的欢迎.随着企业规模的扩大,纺机厂的生产模式由原来的"大而全"转变为"星型制造",即由本厂(核心企业)加工主关键件,其他所有零部件由外协厂商加工,最后由本厂装配成成品.生产模式的转变让一系列管理问题凸显出来.如何让供应链上数百家零部件外协厂商按照本厂统一的生产计划进行协调生产和物流控制?如何通过本厂的装配需求拉动其下层所有零部件加工的同步流动,使其在装配时同步供货到位?如何降低整个供应链的库存成本?如何实现对众多外协厂商的质量监控?产品交货期     

Design for speed: a supply chain perspective on design for manufacturability

Developing fast operations involves integration with the production systems of critical suppliers. This is a slow and demanding process. However, by accommodating product design, process technology and operations management perspectives, it is possible to achieve the benefits of JIT supply with more suppliers. The principle is to reduce variety in the inbound flow of materials and to create variety Just-in-Time close to assembly. The problem is not variety in itself; the issue is where and when variety is created. The benefits of taking account of supply chain considerations in the design and process engineering stages are illustrated with a case study from the automotive industry. A means for moving the formation of variety downstream in the value adding process is provided by options-based product modelling. In this way, a direct control link may be created between the options chosen by the customer and the variety producing processes.     

Economical delivery strategies of products in a JIT system under a global supply chain

This study supplies an optimal total cost model, including approach I and approach II, to manufacturers with several assemblers in the same area to decide the most economical product delivery strategy in the global just-in-time (JIT) system. In approach II, manufacturers deliver products to downstream assemblers via a JIT system with third party logistics (3PL) support. There is a distinction between approach I and approach II according to whether or not the delivery quantity is limited to economical delivery lot size. A case study analysis is used to illustrate the proposed models, in which the following conclusions can be obtained. Firstly, the JIT product delivery strategy according to economical delivery lot size can be obtained to achieve a cost-effective global supply chain. Second, upstream manufacturers can apply a JIT system under a global supply chain to downstream manufacturers with lower cost through support from 3PL with economical delivery lot size.     

Supply coordination based on bonus policy in assembly under uncertain delivery time

The existing research of supply coordination under uncertain delivery time mainly focuses on the collaboration between the supplier and the manufacturer, which aim at minimizing the total cost of each side and finding comparative optimal solutions under decentralized decision. In the supply coordination, the collaboration between suppliers in assembly system is usually not considered. As a result, the manufacturer’s production is often delayed due to mismatching delivery of components between suppliers. Therefore, to ensure supply coordination in assembly system, collaboration between suppliers should be taken into consideration. In this paper, an assembly system with two suppliers and one manufacturer under uncertain delivery time is considered. The model is established and optimal solution is given under decentralized decision. Furthermore, the cost functions of two suppliers are both convex, and a unique Nash equilibrium exists between two suppliers. Then the optimal decision under supply coordination is analyzed, which is regarded as a benchmark for supply coordination. Additionally, the total cost of the assembly system is jointly convex in agreed delivery time. To achieve supply coordination a bonus policy is explored in the assembly system under uncertain delivery time, and the total cost under bonus policy must be lower than under decentralized decision. Finally the numerical and sensitivity analysis shows the cost of assembly system under bonus policy equals that under supply coordination, and the cost of each side in assembly system under bonus policy is lower compared to that under decentralized decision. The proposed research minimizes the total cost of each side with bonus policy in assembly system, ensures the supply coordination between suppliers and the manufacturer, and improves the competiveness of the whole supply chain.     

风电整机厂商的供应商评估与选择

供应商评估与选择是风电整机制造厂商供应链管理的关键环节,对提高风力发电机组的质量,缩减制造成本起着不容忽视的作用。当今风电行业竞争的焦点正逐步由企业间的竞争转化供应链之间的竞争,为了提高零部件供应商的可靠性,整机制造厂商需要对零部件供应商进行科学、客观地评估,以便做出正确的供应商选择决策。     

CONCURRENT PRODUCT PORTFOLIO PLANNING AND MIXED PRODUCT ASSEMBLY LINE BALANCING

Reconfigurable products and manufacturing systems have enabled manufacturers to provide "cost effective" variety to the market. In spite of these new technologies, the expense of manufacturing makes it infeasible to supply all the possible variants to the market for some industries. Therefore, the determination of the right number of product variants to offer in the product portfolios becomes an important consideration. The product portfolio planning problem had been independently well studied from marketing and engineering perspectives. However, advantages can be gained from using a concurrent marketing and engineering approach. Concurrent product development strategies specifically for reconfigurable products and manufacturing systems can allow manufacturers to select best product portfolios from marketing, product design and manufacturing perspectives. A methodology for the concurrent design of a product portfolio and assembly system is presented. The objective of the concurrent product portfolio planning and assembly system design problem is to obtain the product variants that will make up the product portfolio such that oversupply of optional modules is minimized and the assembly line efficiency is maximized. Explicit design of the assembly system is obtained during the solution of the problem. It is assumed that the demand for optional modules and the assembly times for these modules are known a priori. A genetic algorithm is used in the solution of the problem. The basic premise of this methodology is that the selected product portfolio has a significant impact on the solution of the assembly line balancing problem. An example is used to validate this hypothesis. The example is then further developed to demonstrate how the methodology can be used to obtain the optimal product portfolio. This approach is intended for use by manufacturers during the early design stages of product family design.     

The future of selling

There is no doubt that manufacturers of all sizes have gained efficiencies from speeding up the supply chain, by improving communication with suppliers and customers. But many are just beginning to see the real benefits of not just exchanging data, but sharing online information more effectively with partners. The author looks at EDI and other technologies, and sees some signs of how their use will change over the next few years     

熵在供应链复杂性研究中的应用

供应链的网状结构决定了其在复杂多变的市场中将不可避免要面对诸多不确定因素。本文把熵论应用到供应链复杂性的研究中 ,提出了量化分析模型与方法。通过量化分析 ,可以清楚地看到供应链各节点之间复杂性产生的原因以及复杂性沿供应链在上下游合作伙伴之间的传递过程 ,并且可以将复杂性比较准确地加以量化 ,为进一步有效地控制降低整个供应链的复杂性奠定基础     

履带挖掘机装配流水线设计及仿真

以某重工企业履带挖掘机装配线设计项目为基础,研究了用相对位置加权顺位法划分装配线的工作站,规划了装配车间的平面布局图,运用Simio仿真软件研究设计了挖掘机装配流水线模型,置JIT供货方法于生产系统中,分析了装配线的年生产能力、员工作业效率以及装配工位缓冲库存量的控制变化过程,在系统的设计挖掘机装配线方面具有一定的创新性。     

供应商产出随机下基于风险共享的供应链协同模型

为降低供应链上游的供应风险,研究了供应商随机产出下两供应商-单制造商系统在溢出库存惩罚下的风险共享协同模型。分析了集中决策下供应链系统最优批量决策,以及溢出库存惩罚下供应商和制造商各自的最优批量决策;证明了在存在溢出库存惩罚下,供应商和供应商、供应商和制造商之间存在纳什均衡,且纳什均衡下供应链利润不大于供应链系统的最优利润值。为达到供应链系统的最优利润,提出了溢出库存惩罚下基于风险共享的供应链协同模型。通过案例分析说明,制造商通过调整满足一定关系的订货量、制造商风险共享系数和供应商风险共享系数,能使得独立决策下供应链达到集中决策下的供应链利润。