基于销-盘材料互换试验的钴基合金摩擦磨损特性研究

以销-盘互换试验为基础,通过对比销-盘材料分别为42CrMoV-Stellite6和Stellite6-42CrMoV时,摩擦因数与磨损体积随速度、磨程的变化规律,研究钴基合金Stellite6的摩擦磨损性能。试验结果表明,Stellite6的摩擦因数随滑动速度的增大而减小,随磨程的增加逐渐增大之后达到稳定状态;磨损体积随速度和磨程的增大而增大,跑合阶段与稳定磨损阶段的分界点随速度的增大而减小。销-盘材料为42CrMoV-Stellite6较之销-盘材料为Stellite6-42CrMoV,摩擦因数与磨损体积差别很大,在工程应用中,需要根据实际工况,设计与之具有相同接触特征的试验以获得材料的摩擦磨损性能。     

销盘滑动磨损试验的仿真建模研究

以销盘滑动磨损为研究对象,建立了表面微凸体接触特性的物理模型和数学模型,由微凸体接触产生的磨屑推导出销盘滑动磨损仿真模型.采用有限元分析软件ANSYS对半球形微凸体接触应力和变形进行了仿真计算,并用销盘滑动磨损试验数据给予验证,证明了所建立的仿真模型是可行的.研究表明,利用ANSYS求解摩擦学接触问题是准确可靠的,建立正确的磨损仿真模型并辅以参数化设计方法是解决摩擦学仿真问题非常有效的方法.     

基于销盘试验的摩擦学数值仿真软件开发实现

利用数值仿真技术,以销盘磨损试验为研究对象,采用VB编程语言开发了一套包括接触应力仿真和磨损仿真模块的数值仿真软件.应力仿真模块中,销盘接触的各向应力仿真值与ANSYS有限元分析软件的计算结果比较,两者误差很小;销盘磨损仿真结果通过销盘滑动磨损试验给予了验证.仿真结果表明,该仿真软件在实现销盘接触应力和同工况下的磨损仿真计算是可行的.     

基于标准销—盘试验的石墨/硬质合金副滑动摩擦磨损特性研究

通过标准销—盘摩擦磨损试验对石墨与硬质合金副的滑动摩擦磨损特性进行深入研究。结果表明,硬质合金销表面有石墨转移膜形成,并发生了轻微的"抛光"磨粒磨损;提高法向载荷和滑动速度可增加石墨转移膜形成,从而降低摩擦因数;与石墨高速铣削试验的刀具磨损结果进行对比发现,标准销—盘摩擦磨损试验未能复制硬质合金刀具的严重磨损现象,说明该摩擦试验方法对于石墨切削摩擦行为的研究具有一定的局限性,需要进一步改进。     

销-盘试验的热-应力-磨损耦合模拟研究

销-盘磨损试验涉及复杂的热-应力-磨损耦合现象。基于广义Archard磨损模型和商用有限元软件ABAQUS,开发模拟销-盘磨损试验过程中热-应力-磨损耦合模拟分析的顺序耦合方法。分析销-盘试验的瞬态温度场,将温度场作为热载荷分析摩擦副的应力-磨损耦合问题;分析过程中考虑温度对摩擦副材料的力学和热学性能的影响以及广义Archard磨损系数和摩擦因数对温度和接触压力的依赖性。热传导分析考虑摩擦生热、销-盘接触传热、各个表面与空气之间的强制对流换热、自然对流换热以及热辐射。将该方法用于销-盘磨损试验的模拟,得到温度场、接触压力和磨损量的演变过程,揭示温度场对接触和磨损的影响规律,仿真结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

钴基合金-碳化钨复合涂层材料耐磨性能的研究

采用真空熔烧法制得钴基合金—碳化钨复合涂层材料,借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等先进的测试手段对涂层的组织结构和表面形貌进行观察分析。应用盘销式摩擦磨损试验机对不同碳化钨质量分数的复合涂层材料和淬火态45钢进行了磨损试验。结果表明:在相同试验条件下,复合涂层的耐磨性显著高于淬火钢,且其耐磨性随碳化钨质量分数的增加而提高:淬火钢的耐磨性随着载荷的增加迅速降低,而复合涂层的耐磨性则变化不大。     

散料滑动磨损模型及溜槽耐磨结构优化设计

基于冲蚀模型和SIEM磨损模型，文中建立针对散料颗粒与溜槽壁面滑动的磨损预测模型，利用滑动磨损试验标定模型参数，通过API接口嵌入EDEM软件，对比仿真与试验结果，验证所提出的磨损模型预测精度。面向溜槽转运散料过程，通过数值模拟预测溜槽磨损分布规律，优化转运溜槽耐磨结构设计。结果表明：导料板和台阶形仿生结构可有效提高溜槽耐磨性能。     

采用神经网络的断路器传动机构磨损预测

针对某大型断路器机构系统磨损试验成本高的特点,通过建立磨损预测模型,对其传动机构危险关节的磨损量进行了预测分析。基于2种典型的预测模型建立方法,采用销盘磨损实验数据,分别建立磨损预测模型。对比分析表明Elman网络模型的预测精度较高,可准确的反映磨损率与接触压力、相对滑动速度和材料硬度之间的规律。考虑运动副间隙的存在,基于非线性弹簧阻尼模型,利用ADAMS软件仿真获得传动机构危险关节的动力学参数。基于Hertz接触理论对动力学参数进行变换,并将其作为预测模型的输入信息,对关节的磨损进行预测计算。通过迭代分析,发现随着断路器开断次数的增加,轴套表面一些特定位置的磨损越来越严重。对比采用固定系数下的Archard模型,表明预测模型计算的结果对磨损失效判定更具参考价值。     

磨粒特征随滑动磨损进程的变化规律

为提高基于磨粒的机器状态监测的准确性,研究了磨粒特征随滑动磨损进程的变化规律.在球一盘磨损试验机上模拟可靠润滑和润滑不足2种工况下的摩擦磨损试验,分析了磨损过程中不同磨损阶段的磨粒尺寸分布和磨粒表面粗糙度,探讨了磨损进程中磨粒尺寸分布与磨粒表面粗糙度之间的关系.研究结果表明磨损进程中的磨粒特征的变化对机器状态监测极为有效.     

基于Archard磨损理论的滑动导轨磨损率预测模型研究

以机床滑动导轨副典型工况下的载荷和速度为变量因素,采用正交实验设计方法,进行销盘磨损实验,研究滑动导轨副在干摩擦条件下的磨损规律。参照经典的Archard磨损公式对实验数据进行回归并修正,得出相应的磨损率的回归公式。将该回归公式和Archard公式计算结果与实验数据进行对比,得出该回归公式能更好地预测导轨副的磨损率。     

A boundary element formulation for three-dimensional sliding wear simulation

In this paper a boundary element formulation for three-dimensional sliding wear problems is presented. In the proposed formulation, the wear problem is described by modified boundary integral equations to include sliding wear. A linear wear law is used to model wear and an incremental sliding technique is adopted to solve the non-linear wear problem. Both cases, of one and both bodies losing material are investigated. The proposed method is validated initially by analysing the classic problem of pin-on-disc wear experiment and is subsequently applied to a total hip arthroplasty wear problem.The analysis demonstrates that the proposed boundary element formulation is efficient for solving sliding wear problems and particularly for cases involving complicated geometries, such as the artificial hip joint. Due to the boundary only modelling requirement, the computational effort remains low. In case of incrementing the sliding distance in advance, some optimization of the increment size must be carried out for the total CPU time to remain low and the final geometries of the bodies to be smooth. Using an optimum increment formulation, the solution speeds up as the sliding increments increase without great loss of accuracy.     

载流条件下铬青铜/3D碳/碳复合材料摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能

以3D碳/碳复合材料为销试样、铬青铜QCr0.5为盘试样进行了载流条件下的干滑动摩擦磨损试验。通过对有、无电流条件下销试样磨损量大小和摩擦因数影响度的比较,以及对销试样摩擦表面进行的微观形貌分析,结果表明,电流对铬青铜/3D碳/碳复合材料摩擦副的干摩擦行为具有显著的影响,并且由于电场、摩擦热、电弧热的共同作用,在销试样表层发生了磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。     

有无电流工况下钢铝复合轨/受电靴的摩擦磨损特性

利用改进设计的销盘摩擦磨损试验机,研究了用于地铁供电的钢铝复合轨与受电靴在有无电工况下的滑动摩擦磨损性能,对比了磨损量与摩擦因数的变化,观察和分析了微观磨损形貌,分析了其摩擦磨损机制。试验表明:电流对摩擦副的干摩擦滑动行为具有显著的影响,随着电流的增加,钢铝复合轨和受电靴的磨损质量增加,摩擦因数减小,摩擦表面出现粘着磨损、电弧烧蚀、磨粒磨损、疲劳剥落特性。     

Influence of Combined Addition of Boron and Strontium on High-Temperature Wear Behavior of A356 Alloy

In the present study, the effect of the combined addition of boron (B) and strontium (Sr) on the high-temperature dry sliding wear behavior of A356 alloy has been investigated using a pin-on-disc wear testing machine attached with a furnace. During wear studies, the effect of alloy composition, normal pressure, sliding speed, and sliding distance on A356 alloy at four temperatures, namely, room temperature and 100, 200, and 300°C, have been investigated. Further, the cast alloys and worn surfaces of A356 alloy with and without B and Sr were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis. Results indicate that the combined addition of B and Sr to A356 alloy has led to improvements in wear properties. This is due to a change in microstructure, improvement in mechanical properties, and the formation of an oxide layer between the mating surfaces during the sliding wear process.     

Investigations on the influence of graphite filler on dry sliding wear and abrasive wear behaviour of carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composites

In this experimental study, the dry sliding wear and two-body abrasive wear behaviour of graphite filled carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composites were investigated. Carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composite was used as a reference material. Sliding wear experiments were conducted using a pin-on-disc wear tester under dry contact condition. Mass loss was determined as a function of sliding velocity for loads of 25, 50, 75, and 100 N at a constant sliding distance of 6000 m. Two-body abrasive wear experiments were performed under multi-pass condition using silicon carbide (SiC) of 150 and 320 grit abrasive papers. The effects of abrading distance and different loads have been studied. Abrasive wear volume and specific wear rate as a function of applied normal load and abrading distance were also determined.The results show that in dry sliding wear situations, for increased load and sliding velocity, higher wear loss was recorded. The excellent wear characteristics were obtained with carbon-epoxy containing graphite as filler. Especially, 10 wt.% of graphite in carbon-epoxy gave a low wear rate. A graphite surface film formed on the counterface was confirmed to be effective in improving the wear characteristics of graphite filled carbon-epoxy composites. In case of two-body abrasive wear, the wear volume increases with increasing load/abrading distance. Experimental results showed the type of counterface (hardened steel disc and SiC paper) material greatly influences the wear behaviour of the composites. Wear mechanisms of the composites were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Wear of carbon-epoxy composite was found to be mainly due to a microcracking and fiber fracture mechanisms. It was found that the microcracking mechanism had been caused by progressive surface damage. Further, it was also noticed that carbon-epoxy composite wear is reduced to a greater extent by addition of the graphite filler, in which wear was dominated by microplowing/microcutting mechanisms instead of microcracking.     

载流条件下的1Cr18Ni9Ti/浸金属碳摩擦磨损性能研究

在销-盘摩擦磨损试验机上试验了载荷、速度、电流对1Cr18Ni9Ti/浸金属碳对磨时的摩擦因数、磨损量及磨损形貌的影响。试验结果表明,载荷对1Cr18Ni9Ti/浸金属碳摩擦副的摩擦因数和销试样的磨损率有显著影响:载荷越大,摩擦因数越大,磨损率越低;摩擦因数、磨损率与速度的关系受载荷的制约。当低载时,以电流影响为主。销试样的磨损表面出现了粘着磨损,氧化磨损和电弧烧蚀。     

Sliding wear behaviour of Zinc–Nickel alloy electrodeposits

The sliding wear behaviour of zinc–nickel electrodeposited coatings on mild steel substrates was investigated using a spherical pin-on-disc apparatus. The pin materials were alumina and hardened steel. The composition of the coatings was the following: 86 wt% zinc–14 wt% nickel. The friction coefficient of zinc–nickel coating against alumina counter spheres was found to be higher than that against hardened steel counter spheres. The weight loss of zinc–nickel coating after sliding against hardened steel counter spheres was found to be lower than that against alumina counter spheres. The main wear mechanism of the zinc–nickel coating sliding against stainless steel was noted to be severe shearing of the surface layers of the coating due to the ploughing action of the steel pins. For the wear experiments of zinc–nickel coatings against alumina spheres, a surface delamination mechanism is proposed to be the predominant wear mechanism of the coatings.     

载流条件下铬青铜/纯铜摩擦副摩擦磨损性能研究

在自制的销盘摩擦磨损试验机上,对铬青铜/纯铜摩擦副进行载流条件下的干滑动模拟试验,研究了电流、速度、载荷对铬青铜/纯铜摩擦磨损性能的影响规律。试验结果表明:电流是影响摩擦副摩擦磨损性能最显著的因素,摩擦因数和磨损率都随着电流的增大而增大;速度和载荷对摩擦因数和磨损率也有显著影响;电流的存在,摩擦副间产生了比无电流时更严重的粘着磨损和塑性变形,同时增加了电化学腐蚀,使磨损更加严重。     

Effect of rare earth elements on tribological behaviour of magnesium alloys

Abstract

Present investigation deals with the wear behaviour of conventional cast Mg–5%Sn and Mg–5%Sn–2%Mm (Mm is misch metal) (wt.%) alloys studied through pin-on-disc wear experiments at four different loading conditions under ambient temperature. This study reports the effects of external applied load on the dry sliding wear rate and co-efficient of friction of both the alloys. It has been investigated that the volumetric wear loss increases with increasing applied load. It has also been found that the wear rate of Mg–5%Sn–2%Mm alloy is less than that of Mg–5%Sn alloy. The wear mechanism has also been studied through extensive scanning electron microscopy imaging. It has been investigated that wear occurs by delamination of flakes and ploughing (i.e., asperities).