Accessing information sharing and information quality in supply chain management

This paper empirically examines the impact of environmental uncertainty, intra-organizational facilitators, and inter-organizational relationships on information sharing and information quality in supply chain management.Based on the data collected from 196 organizations, multiple regression analyses are used to test the factor impacting information sharing and information quality respectively. It is found that both information sharing and information quality are influenced positively by trust in supply chain partners and shared vision between supply chain partners, but negatively by supplier uncertainty. Top management has a positive impact on information sharing but has no impact on information quality. The results also show that information sharing and information quality are not impacted by customer uncertainty, technology uncertainty, commitment of supply chain partners, and IT enablers.Moreover, a discriminant analysis reveals that supplier uncertainty, shared vision between supply chain partners and commitment of supply chain partners are the three most important factors in discriminating between the organizations with high levels of information sharing and information quality and those with low levels of information sharing and information quality.     

Impact of information sharing on statistical quality control

With advances in information technology (IT), the research on and practice of information sharing is now having a significant impact on many aspects of supply chains. Nevertheless, few investigations focus on the impact of information sharing on product and process quality. Furthermore, it is still not clear how and what information should be shared or used, and how to quantify the benefits of information sharing in terms of quality improvement. In this research, a “matching problem” is used to demonstrate the impact of information sharing on quality. We quantify and compare the impact of different information-sharing strategies on process and product quality, and suggest that real-time information sharing may lead to dramatic quality improvement for an assembly process, the example here being a two-stage supply chain. The proposed approach to evaluate information sharing in terms of quality improvement can be extended to a more complex supply chain     

Effects of information technology alignment and information sharing on supply chain operational performance

The paper aims to investigate the effects of information technology (IT) alignment and information sharing on operational performance in the context of supply chain. Based on the resource-based view, this study identifies IT alignment and information sharing as specific resources/capabilities for supply chain partnership. Data from 141 Chinese manufacturers are collected to test the relationships among IT alignment, information sharing, and operational performance. The results show that (1) both IT alignment and information sharing have direct and positive effects on operational performance, (2) IT alignment has an indirect effect on operational performance through information sharing, and (3) IT alignment and information sharing have different emphases in operational performance improvement. The resource-capability-performance paradigm is extended to supply chain context in the emerging economy. Chinese managers may have different emphases on IT resource/information sharing capability deployment for operational efficiency and effectiveness.     

Self-concept,self-esteem,gender, race and information technology use

This research addressed two fundamental questions regarding self-concept, self-esteem, gender, race and information technology use. First, is technology use related to dimensions of self-concept and/or to self-esteem? Second, are there gender and/or race differences in self-concept, self-esteem and technology use? Approximately 500 youth, average age 12 years old, one-third of whom were African American and the remaining two-thirds were Caucasian American, completed multidimensional measures of self-concept, the Rosenberg (1965) self-esteem scale and measures of frequency of Internet use, Internet use for communication (email and instant messaging), videogame playing and cell phone use. Findings indicated that technology use predicted dimensions of selfconcept and self-esteem, with videogame playing having a negative influence, and Internet use having a positive influence on self-concept dimensions. Gender differences were observed on several self-concept dimensions but contrary to expectations not on the social self-concept dimension. Only one race difference was observed and this was in behavioral self-concept. Implications of the benefits and liabilities of youth’s current and future technology use are discussed.     

Australian managers'' perceptions, attitudes and use of information technology

Survey data collected from 268 managers were used to examine the direct application and importance of Information Technology (IT), specifically computer application systems, to the jobs and skills that they possessed. The results showed that the majority of participants had access to and used at least the traditional computer applications, namely word processing, spreadsheets and presentation graphics. The influence of a training exercise on participants' attitudes towards specific systems and concepts was also examined. The result demonstrated a favourable shift in attitude as an outcome of the management training program.     

Examining the role of information technology in cultivating firms’ dynamic marketing capabilities

Most prior research has investigated an organization's dynamic capabilities in general and overlooked their effect on critical business functions. Our study considered the role of IT in improving firm's dynamic marketing capabilities. We developed a model consisting of market orientation, IT infrastructure capabilities, and the use of IT in customer relationship management (CRM). With data collected from 135 manufacturing and service firms in Taiwan, our results supported most of our hypotheses. Our results showed important direct effects of a firm's market orientation, use of IT to support CRM, and the functionality of IT infrastructure capabilities on its dynamic marketing capabilities.     

A longitudinal experimental study on the interaction effects of persuasion quality, user training, and first-hand use on user perceptions of new information technology

While prior research has investigated the main effects of external factors on user perceptions of a new IT, little work has been into the interaction effect of external factors on user perceptions. In a longitudinal experimental study, we examined the effect of the quality of persuasive argument, user training, and first-hand use on user perceptions of the new technology over time. We found that the effect of argument quality on users’ perceived ease of use was greater when users had no training. However, we did not find the same effect occurred due to perceived usefulness. We also found that first-hand use changed users’ perceived usefulness more over time when users received high quality arguments or when they had no training. While we found that first-hand use changed users’ perceived ease of use more when users received high quality arguments, first-hand use did not change users’ perceived ease of use differently whether they had or had not received prior training.     

基于XML的电子病历系统及其院际信息共享技术研究

随着现代信息技术的良好发展,医院信息化也呈现出较好的状态,在国内外的医疗领域当中关于电子病历的研究和开发都已经成为了重点关注的对象。在这其中,最为关键的就是要能够利用一种标准、开放且易于扩展的技术和方法来实现电子病历的功能。可扩展标记语言(XML)采取一种自我描述的方式来对数据结构进行定义,这样就能够实现在描述数据的同时描述结构,基于这样一种特点,XML技术在电子病历及其他一些医疗领域当中已经得到了广泛的研究和应用。本文正是在这样一种背景条件下,对电子病历的基本定义、XML的基本原理、XML在电子病历系统当中的应用以及院际信息共享技术等内容进行了分析和探讨,希望对这样一种技术的进一步探究和深入有所帮助。     

基于GOOSE网络信息共享的煤矿供电保护技术

针对目前煤矿供电系统存在短路故障时出现越级跳闸现象和单相接地故障选线误动问题,提出了一种基于GOOSE网络信息共享的煤矿供电保护技术,即利用GOOSE网络传输闭锁信号防越级跳闸和传输零序全电流矢量信息实现单相接地保护选线。该技术利用煤矿千兆工业以太网,基于GOOSE高速实时通信机制,实现保护装置间故障信息共享,可有效防止越级跳闸现象并提高单相接地故障选线的准确性。     

基于质量信息的数字编码方法及实现技术

文章从产品质量信息的角度对数字信息编码方法进行了系统的分类，分析了其特点，并探讨了数字混合编码方法及信息编码实现技术。     

The use of information and communication technology in the sea fishing industry

The advent of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has profoundly altered relations between vessels and the shore. Thanks to ICTs, vessels are no longer cut off from land. The technologies in use in today's fisheries, however, remain fairly rudimentary. This article describes the use of ICTs aboard offshore fishing vessels. It relies on the concepts of ‘instruments’ and ‘usage scheme’ defined by Rabardel (Rabardel, P., 1995. Les hommes et les technologies. Paris: Armand Colin) and analyses the use of ICTs in terms of objectives, information sought and communication targets. It points to the prevalence of vessel-to-vessel interchange, and to a frequent use of ICTs to seek out and locate fish. It shows the existence of a ‘key instrument’, the Inmarsat standard C, and defines the way in which fishermen are organised in cognition-sharing networks.     

The interaction between the use of information technology and organizational culture

Abstract

The interaction between the use of information technology, (IT) in organizations and that organization's culture is examined. The interaction is considered from the early stages of specification through to the regular use of the systems. The changes in the technological artefacts which result from the use of IT are discussed. Some suggestions about control of the interaction are made.     

The interaction between the use of information technology and organizational culture

The interaction between the use of information technology, (IT) in organizations and that organization's culture is examined. The interaction is considered from the early stages of specification through to the regular use of the systems. The changes in the technological artefacts which result from the use of IT are discussed. Some suggestions about control of the interaction are made.     

Technology acceptance model for the use of information technology in universities

The problem described in this research is to identify which factors influence on engineering students about their acceptance of an academic administrative information system in private universities in Lima, Peru. The objective is to identify factors by proposing a Technology Acceptance Model of an Academic and Administrative Information System. University population is described, both private and public. The investigation is based on two private universities. The results show the relationship between the selected variables. Finally, recommendations are given to act on the variables that determine the acceptance of information technology.     

The use of information technology among young adults--experience, attitudes and health beliefs

The aim of this study was to explore attitudes, coherence and health beliefs among young adults, related to their use and experience of information technology (IT). A qualitative approach was used and the data were collected through individual thematised interviews with 25 young IT users, aged 18–24. The interviews were analysed in line with the grounded theory method with a constructivist approach. The main findings were the young adults’ experience of the two sides of being social, efficient and independent here and now. They described almost unlimited opportunities in connection with IT, but they also had misgivings, and perceived risks regarding IT use. Feelings of freedom and being efficient were countered by feelings of restrictions on living space and of intangibility. Knowledge concerning these attitudes, coherence and health beliefs can be considered when designing epidemiological and ergonomic studies aimed at risk identification.     

Human resource development,domains of information technology use,and levels of economic prosperity

We report on a research model that was developed and tested to empirically investigate the associations of education quality, on-the-job training, the maturity of information and communications technology (ICT) use by individuals, businesses and governments, and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita across 122 countries. Overall, the findings indicate that education quality is positively associated with GDP per capita, while on-the-job training is not. Education quality is positively associated with ICT use by individuals and governments, but weakly with ICT use by business. On-the-job training, however, is positively associated with all three domains of ICT use. We then separately analyze countries with higher and lower levels of GDP per capita and find both similarities and differences. Healthy composite reliabilities and R²s are obtained in all analyses. The research model, its analysis, and discussion of the results are presented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

SMEs,co-opetition and knowledge sharing: the role of information systems

Co-opetition, simultaneous cooperation and competition, is a recent phenomenon. Co-opetition entails sharing knowledge that may be a key source of competitive advantage. Yet, the knowledge gained by cooperation may also be used for competition. However, there is little investigation of how this problem may be modelled and, hence, managed. A game–theoretic framework for analysing interorganisational knowledge sharing under co-opetition and guidelines for the management of explicit knowledge predicated on coordination and control theory has been proposed, but remains untested. This research empirically investigates these issues in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs provide an interesting setting as they are knowledge generators, but are poor at knowledge exploitation. The paper uses data from U.K. SMEs to investigate co-opetition, management of knowledge sharing and the role of IS.     

Expanding the concept of simulator fidelity: the use of technology and collaborative activities in training maritime officers

The theoretical contribution of this paper lies in introducing the concept of social fidelity to bridge the gap between computer technology and collaborative learning activities in simulator-based training. The concept has usually been limited to the technological aspects of simulator training with an assumption that a high level of fidelity equals a high physical resemblance between a simulator and the real work environment. The objective of this article is to expand the prevailing understanding of the concept of simulator fidelity and explore social factors that may influence perceived training quality among professional maritime officers. This qualitative study aims to broaden the scope from technological aspects to an emphasis on task and collaborative factors. The empirical material used is based on observations of two different simulator programs for professional maritime officers and focused interviews with bridge officers participating in the sampled training. The research aims to deepen the knowledge on how learning unfolds in a simulator-based training context characterised by extensive use of advanced computer technology and collaborative activities. The research demonstrates how trainer–trainee interactions, task factors and simulator technology may influence perceived level of fidelity and training quality. The article is concluded by offering a set of recommendations for future design of maritime simulator-based training.