Validation of pulse compression techniques for meteorologicalfunctions

A major technology barrier to the application of pulse compression techniques in meteorological radar is the presence of range sidelobes which mask and corrupt observations of weak weather phenomena in areas of strong extended meteorological scatterers or point target returns. Techniques for suppressing range sidelobes are well known, but without prior knowledge of the scattering medium's velocity distribution their performance degrades rapidly in the presence of doppler. Recent investigations have presented a “doppler tolerant” range sidelobe suppression technique. The thrust of the work described in this article is the extension of previous simulations to the transmission of dispersed/coded waveform pulses using the ELDORA X-Band weather research radar located at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Foothills Laboratory. This study shows that the use of Barker coded pulses along with pulse compression and doppler tolerant range sidelobe suppression provides: (1) increased sensitivity over a simple pulse of the same peak power, and nominal receive bandwidth by a factor equal to the time-bandwidth product, and (2) accurate spectral moment estimates     

Effective CLEAN algorithms for performance-enhanced detection of binary coding radar signals

With binary coding waveform as radar pulse compression signal, the sidelobe of the matched processing result of the received signals is a serious interference to the effective detection of multiple targets. In this paper, the CLEAN algorithms are introduced to eliminate such sidelobes and significantly improve the target detection performance of binary coding radar signals. A novel modified CLEAN algorithm is proposed to remove the sidelobe interferences in formulating target range profile when wideband binary coding signals are used. The effectiveness of the CLEAN algorithms is demonstrated through the processing results.     

一种新的低旁瓣LFM噪声雷达波形设计方法

针对LFM噪声雷达波形旁瓣功率水平高的问题,该文将低旁瓣波形设计方法和LFM噪声雷达波形设计方法相结合,提出一种新的低旁瓣LFM噪声雷达波形设计方法。该方法首先建立低旁瓣LFM噪声雷达波形设计目标函数,将确定性二次相位和随机相位的组合关系转化为优化问题的约束条件,然后通过该文提出的修正循环算法(MCAN)迭代求解,使得设计的恒模LFM噪声波形同时具有低旁瓣和高多普勒容忍性。最后,仿真结果表明该算法能够降低波形模糊函数的距离-多普勒2维旁瓣,对静止目标和运动目标均能够起到较好的效果,且保证了波形的低截获概率性能。     

Noise radar using random phase and frequency modulation

Pulse compression radar is used in a great number of applications. Excellent range resolution and high electronic counter-countermeasures performance is achieved by wideband long pulses, which spread out the transmitted energy in frequency and time. By using a random noise waveform, the range ambiguity is suppressed as well. In most applications, the random signal is transmitted directly from a noise-generating microwave source. A sine wave, which is phase or frequency modulated by random noise, is an alternative, and in this paper, the ambiguity function and the statistical characteristics of the correlation output for the latter configuration are further analyzed. Range resolution is then improved because the noise bandwidth of the modulated carrier is wider than that of the modulating signal, and the range sidelobes are also further suppressed. Random biphase modulation gives a 4-dB (/spl pi//sup 2//4) improvement, but much higher sidelobe suppression could be achieved using continuous phase/frequency modulation. Due to the randomness of the waveform, the output correlation integral is accompanied by a noise floor, which limits the possible sidelobe suppression as determined by the time-bandwidth product. In synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications with distributed targets, this product should be large compared with the number of resolution elements inside the antenna main beam. The advantages of low range sidelobes and enhanced range resolution make frequency/phase-modulated noise radar attractive for many applications, including SAR mapping, surveillance, altimetry, and scatterometry. Computer algorithms for reference signal delay and compression are discussed as replacements for the classical delay line implementation.     

基于网络综合法脉冲压缩信号的旁瓣抑制

脉冲压缩信号在雷达系统中有着广泛应用,而一直以来旁瓣抑制问题也备受关注。通常,时宽带宽积(BT)较大的线性调频信号可通过单一加窗实现较低旁瓣,但对于其它脉冲压缩信号效果甚微,文中提出的基于网络综合的旁瓣抑制的频域设计方法则适用于各种脉冲压缩信号。线性调频和二相编码混合信号兼备线性调频和相位编码信号的特点,因此文中以此信号为例进行了仿真,分析表明采用网络综合法进行旁瓣抑制,旁瓣效果理想且对多普勒频移不敏感。     

A pulse compression predistortion function for efficient sidelobe reduction in a high-power radar

The successful application of pulse compression techniques depends largely on reduction of the range sidelobes associated with the compressed pulse waveform. It is shown that the calculation of sidelobe levels in previously published data is not exact when low sidelobes are called for, since the effects of spectrum amplitude ripple in contributing to the range sidelobes have either been ignored or not stated. This paper presents more recent information on this subject, introducing a model of the Fresnel spectrum that permits a more accurate calculation of the compressed pulse sidelobe structure. Additional spectrum-associated paired-echo range sidelobes are predicted as a result of the model, and are observed in practice, having peak values up to 15 db larger than those derived on the basis of the idealized spectrum assumed in earlier studies. It is shown experimentally that elimination of the spectrum amplitude ripple results in removal of these paired-echo sidelobes, thus allowing more efficient use of the signal energy when low side-lobe levels are required. A predistorted linear FM pulse compression signal is presented as a realizable means for exerting control over the spectrum function. This new pulse compression technique does not require pulse envelope or rise-time shaping at the transmitter, and thus has application to high-power systems. Experimental waveforms illustrate the reduction of the spectrum-associated paired-echo sidelobes with the modified linear FM signal, and also show that the remaining range sidelobes do not appreciably increase as a function of Doppler shift.     

单脉冲脉内互补低距离旁瓣雷达波形设计

雷达脉冲压缩的距离旁瓣较高将会导致遮蔽效应的产生,已有的低旁瓣波形设计都是基于全脉冲相关进行处理。本文利用波形组合的方法进行波形设计,基于单脉冲脉内分段脉压信号处理方式和互补码自相关求和零旁瓣特征相结合,利用频域正交设计,将两个或多个互补序列调制至不同频点以子脉冲的形式分段合并为恒模单脉冲雷达波形。仿真试验表明,本文设计的单脉冲脉内互补低旁瓣波形脉压后的峰值旁瓣电平和积分旁瓣电平较低,分段脉压结合互补码零旁瓣特征的信号处理方式虽然会导致0.89 dB左右的信号处理增益损失和主瓣展宽,但却能够突破部分相位编码信号的峰值旁瓣电平下限。强弱目标场景仿真表明,与线性调频信号相比,本文提出的雷达波形不会导致强目标的副瓣对弱目标的遮掩。恒虚警检测仿真表明,在剔除强目标峰值后,本文所提波形对弱目标的检测概率要优于传统的线性调频信号。     

二相编码雷达信号的旁瓣抑制和扩展多普勒容限研究

着重研究二相编码长码长雷达信号的距离旁瓣抑制加权处理问题,阐述了一种从频域结构分析入手、运用于各种码长信号的设计最小峰值旁瓣滤波器的方法,并给出了190位码的计算机模拟结果。针对相位编码信号的多普勒频移灵敏问题,提出了频率分集处理和非相干型旁瓣抑制滤波器相结合的方法,以改善多普勒性能。模拟结果表明,频域分析法结合非相干加权方式设计出的最小峰值旁瓣滤波器,较好地满足了现代雷达系统的要求。     

基于Golay互补序列空时编码的MIMO雷达波形设计

针对多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达正交波形设计中数值优化方法所得波形脉冲压缩旁瓣较高的问题,该文提出一种基于Golay互补序列空时编码的设计方法。该方法利用Golay互补序列的互补性,并通过对序列构成的脉冲串进行扩展的空时编码,减小了波形的自相关旁瓣和互相关,从而降低了脉冲压缩波形的旁瓣;然后,为解决多普勒频移导致波形检测性能下降的问题,利用零空间向量加权法对脉冲压缩后波形进行多普勒补偿,显著提高了其目标检测能力。仿真结果验证了该文方法的有效性。     

基于5G信号的脉压加权相参积累方法

5G信号携带的通信信息导致脉压信号出现大量随机性起伏旁瓣,类似于噪声对脉压信号的干扰,影响了相参积累性能.针对该问题,本文将脉压信号幅度加权的方法应用到基于5G信号的外辐射源雷达系统中,在单发单收的雷达模型基础上,理论分析了5G信号特性及脉压旁瓣起伏性较大原因,推导了脉压幅度加权方法抑制随机性旁瓣的可行性.最后,通过建...     

基于序列优化的认知雷达稳健旁瓣抑制方法

距离旁瓣可能导致强目标掩盖弱目标以及大量虚假目标的出现,针对认知雷达旁瓣抑制问题,该文提出一种基于序列优化的方法。首先,将待测区域按距离单元进行划分,之后,基于最小均方误差准则,针对某距离单元进行发射-接收联合优化,所优化结果用于该距离单元散射点雷达截面积(RCS)的估计。上述过程在场景内各距离单元序贯进行,并将已获估计值用于后续距离单元距离旁瓣的抑制,各散射点RCS值依次以递归方式获得,并循环更新。所提方法构建了一个闭环系统,根据实时反馈的场景信息调整收发系统,提高雷达对环境的感知能力,从而改善旁瓣抑制性能,提高抗噪声稳健性。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

一种线性调频信号超低旁瓣脉冲压缩方法

雷达脉冲压缩希望具有超低距离旁瓣的特征,线性调频信号采用加窗方式可达到约-35 dB的距离旁瓣电平。基于超低旁瓣电平信号设计方法,在不考虑信噪比损失条件下,提出了一种新的超低旁瓣的脉冲压缩方法,基本思想是针对给定线性调频信号,频率滤波权值采用超低频旁瓣频域信号与线性调频信号频域的比值,可以将接收端旁瓣电平输出最低到-120 dB。同时,从理论上和数值结果中分析了信噪比损失、延迟敏感性等问题。     

基于CLEAN思想的互补码信号脉冲压缩算法

互补码信号具有理想的零旁瓣非周期自相关函数,特别适用于高频地波雷达。然而高频地波雷达常采用高占空比波形,近距离目标回波遮挡严重,遮挡时原互补码不再互补,脉压旁瓣很高。针对这一问题,提出基于CLEAN算法思想的互补码脉冲压缩方法,该算法利用互补码的子码互补特性,在不同遮挡程度使用不同长度的子码作为脉压系数;同时,引入了CLEAN算法的思想,由远距离段至近距离段依次进行脉压和CLEAN操作,在保留互补码零旁瓣特性的同时消除了不同子码段之间的相关性造成的距离栅瓣。多目标环境下的计算机仿真实验表明,这种算法在距离盲区内保持了互补码的零旁瓣特性,且无距离栅瓣。     

相控阵天气雷达脉压距离旁瓣抑制研究

针对所采用的脉冲压缩技术带来的距离旁瓣影响大气测量的问题,文中首先描述了脉冲压缩技术的特点和脉冲压缩技术的原理,使用MATLAB语言工具,仿真计算了线性调频、非线性调频和相位编码等波形脉冲压缩以后距离旁瓣的水平,并分析了这几种脉冲压缩波形对距离旁瓣抑制的效果,给出了适合相控阵天气雷达大气探测使用的波形.     

伪随机二相码码元选取及信号处理算法研究

相位编码信号是低截获概率雷达信号的主要形式之一,能够提高雷达的生存能力。本文阐述了随机二相码的选取原则,在通过计算机仿真选取了适合条件的一组码元的基础上,对数字正交、频域脉冲压缩、旁瓣抑制滤波器设计等信号处理算法及静止和运动目标情况下旁瓣的抑制效果进行了研究和仿真。仿真结果证明了文中分析的正确性。     

理想二相编码评述

由于二相编码序列的周期自相关和非周期自相关函数具有低的时间旁瓣，因此广泛应用于雷达信号中。降低偏码旁瓣的主要途径包括编码优选和旁瓣抑制，通过选择合适的编码及接收滤波器，可以完全消除旁瓣，这样的编码称为理想编码，它包括理想周期／奇周期序列和互补序列，本文综述了理想二相编码的研究历史，现状及可能的发展方向。     

Pulse compression with very low sidelobes in an airborne rainmapping radar

Pulse compression allows a substantial reduction in the peak transmitted power of a radar and is attractive for spaceborne remote sensing applications. In the case of a downward looking rain measuring radar, however, the range sidelobes associated with surface return can mask return from rain and must be kept to a minimum. The authors describe the pulse compression system for the NASA/JPL Airborne Rain Mapping Radar. This system uses time-domain weighting of the transmitted pulse and is able to achieve a range sidelobe level of -55 dB or better in flight tests. This is significantly lower than other values reported in the open literature     

基于动态交替投影的失配滤波器快速设计算法

雷达脉冲压缩处理中,通常需要使用匹配滤波器以获得最优的输出信噪比。然而,对于常用雷达波形,其匹配滤波器输出距离旁瓣较高,易产生目标遮蔽效应,而通过优化设计失配滤波器可以在牺牲一定输出信噪比的条件下有效抑制距离维旁瓣。另外,在实际应用中一般需要对系统失真进行周期性标校,进而根据经过系统失真后的雷达波形进行失配滤波器设计,所以需要高效率的失配滤波器设计算法。然而,现有的失配滤波器设计算法通常涉及矩阵求逆等复杂计算过程,其计算复杂度高且不利于硬件实现。本文提出一种基于动态交替投影的失配滤波器快速设计算法,可实现在最小峰值旁瓣值、积分旁瓣值、加权积分旁瓣值等准则下的距离维旁瓣抑制,且信噪比损失、主瓣展宽可控。本算法适用于多种脉冲压缩波形,算法过程仅需用到简单计算及快速傅里叶变换,适用于硬件的高效率设计与实现。      

基于窗函数的非均匀步进频信号设计

针对均匀步进频连续波信号脉冲压缩处理过程中加窗处理抑制旁瓣导致信噪比损失的问题,提出了一种基于窗函数的非均匀步进频信号设计方法。首先根据分辨率和最大作用距离要求设计了步进信号总带宽和步进脉冲数,然后根据旁瓣要求和选择的窗函数设计了非均匀频率步进,最后根据雷达作用范围设计了频率步进量化间隔。该步进频信号呈现中间脉冲步进频率间隔小,两边脉冲步进频率间隔大的特点,在非均匀傅里叶逆变换脉冲压缩处理过程中无须加窗处理即可获得较低旁瓣,避免了加窗处理导致的信噪比损失。点目标仿真结果和实测数据处理结果验证了该非均匀步进频信号设计方法的有效性。      

Complementary sequences with high sidelobe suppression factors forST/MST radar applications

Under ideal conditions, complementary code pairs produce no sidelobes. In practice, sidelobes are produced, among other things, when the period of the Doppler frequency shift as well as the time of coherence of clear air turbulence are comparable (or smaller) than the interpulse period. The intensity of sidelobes increases with the radar operating frequency and becomes a real problem in the upper VHF and UHF bands. In this paper, a new technique for reducing sidelobes originating from atmospheric characteristics for clear air radar systems using pulse coding is presented. For this, a generalized analytic expression for a sidelobe suppression factor applicable to any number of binary code sequences is first derived. This is then used to develop the technique, which in the case of complementary codes consists of manipulating the order of transmission of the code sequences. For such codes, improvements in sidelobe suppression of the order of 80 dB on the VHF frequency band are obtained. The modifications required to implement the technique into existing systems are very few and simple