基于语义特征抽取的文本聚类研究

基于向量空间模型(VSM)的文本聚类会出现向量维度过高以及缺乏语义信息的问题,导致聚类效果出现偏差。为解决以上问题,引入《知网》作为语义词典,并改进词语相似度算法的不足。利用改进的词语语义相似度算法对文本特征进行语义压缩,使所有特征词都是主题相关的,利用调整后的TF-IDF算法对特征项进行加权,完成文本特征抽取,降低文本表示模型的维度。在聚类中,将同一类的文本划分为同一个簇,利用簇中所有文本的特征词完成簇的语义特征抽取,簇的表示模型和文本的表示模型有着相同的形式。通过计算簇之间的语义相似度,将相似度大于阈值的簇合并,更新簇的特征,直到算法结束。通过实验验证,与基于K-Means和VSM的聚类算法相比,文中算法大幅降低了向量维度,聚类效果也有明显提升。     

一种基于《知网》的文本语义相似度的计算方法

论文提出一个基于语义的文本间的相似度算法,以文本的特征词相似度为基础,来计算文本间的相似度,利用聚类算法对文本簇进行聚类.实验结果证明基于知网的文本语义相似度方法在对文本相似度计算以及文本聚类方面,能有效提高聚类的效果.     

基于关联规则的文本聚类算法的研究*

K-均值聚类算法是目前一种较好的文本分类算法,算法中的相似度计算通常基于词频统计,小文档或简单句子由于词频过小,使用该算法聚类效果较差。为此,提出了一种基于词语关联度的相似度计算算法,对简单文档集执行关联规则算法,得出基于关键词的关联规则,并根据这些规则求得词语关联度矩阵,然后由权重对文本进行文本特征向量表示,最后借助于关联度矩阵和文本特征向量,并按一定算法计算出句子相似度。实验证明该算法可得到较好的聚类结果,且其不仅利用词频统计的方法而且考虑了词语间的关系。     

一种基于语义相似度的群智能文本聚类的新方法*

针对基于VSM(vector space model)的文本聚类算法忽略了词之间的语义信息和各维度之间的关系,导致文本的相似度计算不够精确,提出了一种基于语义相似度的群智能文本聚类的新方法。该方法融合了模拟退火算法的全局搜索和蚁群算法的正反馈能力。其思路是,首先从语义上分析文本,利用K-均值算法进行文本聚类,再根据K-均值算法的结果,使用蚁群和模拟退火算法进行调整聚类。测试结果表明这种算法能够提高聚类精度和召回率,也验证了混合算法的正确性。     

基于语义计算的聚类算法

该文提出了一种基于语义计算的聚类算法。通过计算词语的语义信息,从语义知识库获取词语的生成概率,构建文本的语义表征,将余弦夹角和相对熵等方法引入进行文本单元的语义相似度计算对比实验。实验结果表明,该文提出的算法效果较好。     

基于语义计算的聚类算法

该文提出了一种基于语义计算的聚类算法。通过计算词语的语义信息,从语义知识库获取词语的生成概率,构建文本的语义表征,将余弦夹角和相对熵等方法引入进行文本单元的语义相似度计算对比实验。实验结果表明,该文提出的算法效果较好。     

基于混合策略的中文短文本相似度计算

为提高中文短文本相似度计算的准确率,提出一种新的基于混合策略的中文短文本相似度计算方法。首先,根据词语的语义距离,利用层次聚类,构建短文本聚类二叉树,改进传统的向量空间模型（VSM）,计算关键词加权的文本相似度。然后,通过提取句子的主干成分对传统的基于语法语义模型的方法进行改进,得到文本主干的语义相似度;最后,对两种相似度进行加权,计算最终的文本相似度。实验结果表明,提出的方法在短文本相似度计算方面准确性更高,更加适合人们的主观判断。     

基于语义与最大匹配度的短文本分类研究

为了解决基于VSM方法在进行短文本分类时存在的严重数据稀疏问题,提出了基于语义与最大匹配度的短文本分类方法.以《知网》为知识源,设计了基于义原距离、义原深度与区域密度的义原相似度计算方法,实现基于词类的词语相似度计算;提出了基于语义与最大匹配度的方法计算短文本相似度,应用KNN算法进行短文本分类.实验结果表明,该方法与基于语义、基于AD_NB等方法相比,正确率、召回率和F值均得到了明显的提高.     

基于《知网》的词语语义相似度算法

词语语义相似度计算在信息检索、文本聚类、语义消歧等方面有着广泛的应用。基于《知网》提出一种词语语义相似度算法。设计一种义原分类,将义原分为第一基本义原、其他基本义原和间接义原3类。与以往义项相似度计算方法不同,根据不同类义原对义项相似度影响的大小,分别使用不同的义原相似度计算方法进行义项相似度的计算。利用词语之间第一基本义原相似度最高的义项组合进行词语语义相似度计算,剔除相似度较低的组合对词语语义相似度结果的影响。实验结果表明,该算法能有效提高运算效率和精确度。     

基于语义词典和词频信息的文本相似度计算

为了克服传统的文本相似算法缺乏综合考虑语义理解和词语出现频率的缺点,在基于语义词典的词语相似度计算的基础上,提出了一种基于语义词典和词频信息的文本相似度(TSSDWFI)算法。通过计算两文本词语间的扩展相似度,找出文本词语间最大的相似度配对,从而计算出文本间的相似度。这种相似度计算方法利用语义词典,既考虑了不同文本间词语的相似度关系,又考虑了词语在各自文本中的词频高低。实验结果表明,与传统的语义算法和基于空间向量的文本相似度计算方法相比,TSSDWFI算法计算的文本相似度的准确度有了进一步提高。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.