醇烃化精制工艺在我公司合成氨装置的应用

我公司氨醇新系统于2006年5月1日投产,一次开车成功.该装置氨醇生产能力180 kt/a,采用湖南安淳公司设计制造的的醇烃化精制工艺.新系统投入运行1 a来,生产稳定,气体净化度高,节能降耗明显,环保效果非常好,比传统的精制工艺有明显的优点.以下就醇烃化精制工艺在我公司的应用做一介绍,供同行参考.     

低压醇烃化系统运行过程中的典型问题和解决方案

安化公司有2套合成氨、尿素系统,2010年合成氨新系统采用低压醇烃化系统替代原甲烷化系统进行气体精制后,运行过程中存在管道、设备结蜡严重的情况,对蒸发冷的换热效果影响较大,同时还造成醇烃洗涤分离器带液及醇烃洗涤分离器结蜡等问题,导致精制气中夹带较多烃化物,对氢氮气压缩机五段入口气阀以及氨合成催化剂造成危害。在不对低温甲醇洗工艺等进行改造的情况下,以不把大量烃化物带入到后系统为目标,基于目前的工艺、设备配置,用最小的投入进行技术改造,通过新增除蜡器、醇烃洗涤分离器及更新烃化蒸发冷等,有效降低了精制气中烃化物的带入量,实现了为氨合成反应提供优质精制气的目的,并延长了氢氮气压缩机五段入口气阀和氨合成催化剂的使用寿命。     

对合成氨原料气双甲和醇烃化精制新工艺的认识

简述了双甲精制与醇烃化精制的工艺原理与应用情况.     

醇烃化原料气精制工艺的运行及认识

介绍了醇烃化原料气精制工艺的特点、催化剂升温还原及实际运行情况，并对该工艺的认识进行了探讨。     

醇烃化精制工艺的工业应用

主要介绍了醇烃化精制工艺的可行性、经济性、以及环保的优越性。     

醇烃化精制工艺的生产运行及几点看法

山西晋城化工有限公司的1套220kt／a合成氨醇烃化原料气精制工艺生产系统自2000年投入生产以来已运行多年。目前实际生产能力总氨850t／d、尿素≥1300t／d，已超过设计能力。系统运行以来，醇烃化原料气精制工艺已突出体现了生产成本低、环保质量高、气体净化稳定、微量（CO＋CO2）波动小的优点，较传统的铜洗工艺具有显著的优势，为企业增加经济效益作出了贡献，而醇烃化精制工艺在生产应用中亦不断完善和提高，发展的前景将会更加宽广。     

醇烃化工段节能技术改造设计和运行小结

阐述了醇烃化精制工艺流程;介绍醇化塔内件设计思想;总结了醇烃化工艺在河南心连心化学工业集团股份有限公司合成氨生产中的应用及效果。对生产运行中存在的问题进行了相应的改进,并对此次技术改造设计进行了技术创新总结和节能效益评价。     

醇烃化精制工艺在合成氨装置中的应用

介绍了醇烃化精制工艺的流程及特点,以及在合成氨装置应用中应注意的一些问题,并提出了相应的解决办法.     

醇烃化精制新工艺在合成氨生产中的应用

介绍了醇烃化精制新工艺替代甲烷化工艺在合成氨厂的应用情况。实践证明,利用闲置的高压设备进行醇烃化技术改造,不仅投资省,而且操作弹性大、设备维护工作量小,具有明显的经济效益和环保效益。     

氨合成醇烃化工艺在联碱厂的应用

论述了原料气醇烃化精制工艺在联碱合成氨装置的应用效果,介绍了醇烃化工艺的反应原理和工艺流程,从运行方式、气体成分、气量、各点温度等方面对装置的运行工况进行了阐述,分析了醇化塔、烃化塔以及催化剂的使用特性。     

The effect of steam and hydrogen in promoting the oxidation of carbon monoxide over a platinum on alumina catalyst

Steam- and hydrogen-induced effects on carbon monoxide oxidation at temperatures below 200°C were studied over an alumina-supported Pt catalyst. These studies were complemented by measurements of rate expressions and IR spectroscopy. CO oxidation activity over alumina-supported Pt, Pd and Rh catalysts was found to be strongly promoted by the presence of steam and H₂ in the feed gas. The promotion effect decreased in the order Pi>Pd> Rh. The water-gas shift reaction did not occur under these experimental conditions. The steam and H₂ enhancement effects are attributed to the weakening of self-poisoning by CO.     

一氧化碳对乙烯工业的影响

文章论述乙烯联合装置中一氧化碳(CO)的产生过程和控制方法、Co对乙烯装置、汽油加氢装置、聚内烯装置和全密度聚乙烯的影响、Co在乙烯联合装置的脱除方法以及Co变化对碳二加氢系统、甲烷化系统的操作方法.     

CO2与CO在Fe-Zn-Zr/HY上的催化加氢

分别以Fe—Zn—Zr和Fe—Zn—Zr／HY为催化剂，以CO2，CO和H2为反应物，在340℃，5MPa的反应条件下，通过进行对比实验，研究和探讨了CO和CO2催化加氢反应越程的不同．结果表明，对于CO2加氢来说，CO2与CO之间的转化不是生成目的产物烃类的必要步骤；无论对于CO2还是CO加氢，异构烃主要在HY分子筛上生成．     

低温CO催化氧化负载型Pd催化剂研究进展

综述了低温CO催化氧化负载型Pd催化剂在制备方法、载体的选用和催化机理等方面的研究进展,并介绍了该类催化剂的最新进展.在文章末对该催化剂领域尚待深入研究的问题进行了探讨.     

CO、CO_2及其共存体系的甲烷化反应

介绍了甲烷化的反应体系,CO、CO2甲烷化反应的机理;比较了CO体系、CO2体系和CO、CO2共存体系的甲烷化反应特点以及三种反应体系对催化剂的要求;综述了适用于不同体系催化剂的研究进展,并重点介绍了多种催化剂的载体、助剂与活性组分之间的相互作用方式以及几种催化剂对碳氧化物甲烷化反应的催化机理;甲烷化反应的应用方向逐步从合成氨、合成气制天然气向燃料电池、焦炉煤气等方向扩展,对反应体系的研究也由CO甲烷化体系向CO2甲烷化体系和共存体系方向发展;复合载体负载的多金属催化剂成为现在甲烷化催化剂的主要研究方向,纳米颗粒催化剂、等离子体等技术开始应用于甲烷化催化剂。     

Effect of nonreacting gases on the desorption of reaction-created CO from graphite

Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) was used to determine whether inert gases influence the desorption step in the oxidation of carbon by CO₂. Surface oxides were formed on a graphite by reacting it at 1200 K with CO₂, and then quenching the reaction. The oxides then were removed by TPD to 1373 K, using He, Ar and Kr as carrier gases in separate desorptions. The oxides appeared as CO₂ and CO in the desorption carrier gases; some CO₂ was observed between 800 and 1050 K, but above 1050 K the product was almost entirely CO. The CO₂ desorption showed no effect from changing the carrier gas, but temperature of CO desorption peak and amount of CO desorbed by 1373 K both depended on which gas was used as a carrier. This shows that nonreactive gases affect the desorption step of the C-CO₂ reaction. Involved in the desorption step is movement of some surface oxide species to desorption sites; the nonreactive-gas influence occurs because the nonreactive gases affect this surface transport. In the presence of Ar and Kr, transport rates of surface oxides to desorption sites were higher than they were in the presence of He. Under reaction conditions this can result in greater CO desorption rates and faster overall reaction rates in the presence of Ar and Kr than occur in the presence of He.     

CO adsorption and oxidation on Au/TiO2

Preoxidized Au/TiO₂ showed no initial activity during a first heating stage up to 70°C, while prereduction yielded a high initial CO conversion at room temperature. With FTIRS, two different CO absorption bands were detected. One band is usually attributed to CO on an oxidic gold species (2151 cm^-1), the other one is characteristic of CO on metallic gold (2112 cm^-1). The presence of the first species appears to have a detrimental effect on the CO oxidation by O₂. The present results do not support a model in which the activity of supported gold catalysts in CO oxidation is ascribed to ionic Au particles. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

CO与CO2甲烷化反应研究进展

介绍了甲烷化反应的催化剂,尤其是Ni基催化剂的研究进展,综述了助剂、载体以及制备方法对甲烷化催化剂催化性能的影响,不同催化剂上CO和CO2甲烷化反应过程的机理。     

Catalytic liquefaction of various coals using a mixture of carbon monoxide and water

In a batch-autoclave, twenty coals were liquefied using a cobalt-molybdenum oxide catalyst with a mixture of CO and H₂0 at 400 °C with or without vehicle oil. Furthermore, lignite and peat were liquefied on tungsten oxide catalyst at 300 °C in the absence of CO. The reactivity of coal in this liquefaction is found to depend strongly on its rank. The vehicle oil significantly influences the extent of the water-gas shift reaction, especially when bituminous coals are liquefied, by dissolving such coals. Liquefaction of coal by this process is considered to take place via three routes: hydrogenolysis by the nascent hydrogen produced from the shift reaction; dissolution of coal into the vehicle oil which is an initial stage of hydrogenolysis; and a solvolytic reaction with H₂O, such as hydrolysis.     

AXIAL DISPERSION IN THE ANNULAR BED REACTOR

The objective of the present work was to study the effects of axial dispersion on the behavior of the annular bed reactor using the methanation of carbon monoxide as the test reaction. It was found that the reactor is nearly-isothermal with and without axial dispersion, but the concentration profiles differ significantly. The effects of dispersion on the behavior of the annular bed are similar to those in the conventional fixed bed reactor, but appear to be much stronger.