小波变换在X射线图像边缘检测中的应用

分析了X射线探伤图像的特点,将小波变换技术应用到X射线图像的边缘检测中,提出了基于小波变换的模极大值边缘检测算法,利用二次B样条小波,采用Mallat快速算法进行小波分解,采用分块阈值选取方法确定模极大值点,给出缺陷边缘。实验结果表明,该方法去噪效果好,检测出的缺陷边缘具有较强的连续性。     

3D depth estimation for visual inspection using wavelet transform modulus maxima

A vision based approach for calculating accurate 3D models of the objects is presented. Generally industrial visual inspection systems capable of accurate 3D depth estimation rely on extra hardware tools like laser scanners or light pattern projectors. These tools improve the accuracy of depth estimation but also make the vision system costly and cumbersome. In the proposed algorithm, depth and dimensional accuracy of the produced 3D depth model depends on the existing reference model instead of the information from extra hardware tools. The proposed algorithm is a simple and cost effective software based approach to achieve accurate 3D depth estimation with minimal hardware involvement. The matching process uses the well-known coarse to fine strategy, involving the calculation of matching points at the coarsest level with consequent refinement up to the finest level. Vector coefficients of the wavelet transform-modulus are used as matching features, where wavelet transform-modulus maxima defines the shift invariant high-level features with phase pointing to the normal of the feature surface. The technique addresses the estimation of optimal corresponding points and the corresponding 2D disparity maps leading to the creation of accurate depth perception model.     

A new iterative algorithm for reconstructing a signal from its dyadic wavelet transform modulus maxima

A new algorithm for reconstructing a signal from its wavelet transform modulus maxima is presented based on an iterative method for solutions to monotone operator equations in Hilbert spaces. The algorithm's convergence is proved. Numerical simulations for different types of signals are given. The results indicate that compared with Mallat's alternate projection method, the proposed algorithm is simpler, faster and more effective.     

基于小波的小尺寸物体的图像边缘提取方法

基于小波变换的“多分辨”特性，采用一种利用小波模极大值，找到图像中的边界点，从而实现对灰度图像的边界检测的方法，通过分析图像中是否有灰度突变特征，来判断边界的存在。在进行边界检测之前。首先要滤除原图像的寄生噪声的干扰。实验结果表明：基于小波变换的边界检测方法可对图像边界进行敏锐提取，从而得到小尺寸物体的图像的细微特征。     

基于小波域影响锥的小波萎缩去噪算法

信号的奇异点和不规则结构往往携带了一些重要的信息,而小波变换是检测信号奇异点和跳变沿的一种有效的工具。为了更好地从噪声污染的信号中消除干扰和保留信号原始特征,根据奇异点影响锥的范围和小波域模极大值线传播特性,提出了一种新的算法来寻找奇异点影响锥内的小波系数,并进行去噪处理。仿真实验表明：与传统的阈值去噪方法相比,该算法实现简单并且有着更好的滤波性能。     

基于层叠模型的网络流量异常检测方法*

进行网络流量异常检测,需要对正常流量行为建立准确的模型,根据异常流量与正常模型间的偏离程度作出判断。针对现有网络流量模型中自相似模型与多分形模型无法全面刻画流量特征的不足,提出了一种基于流量层叠模型分析的异常检测算法,采用层叠模型对整个时间尺度上的流量特征进行更准确的描述,并运用小波变换对流量的层叠模型进行估计,分析异常流量对模型估计的影响,提出统计累计偏离量进行异常流量检测的方法。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效检测出基于自相似Hurst系数方法不能检测的弱异常以及未明显影响Hurst系数变化的异常流。     

基于小波变换的心电信号综合检测算法研究

目前小波分析已经用于心电信号（ECG）的R波峰点检测,但是对QRS波群的具体形态和起止点位置的检测研究较少,P波和T波的分析也是心电图计算机自动分析的难点.为解决心电信号各波形成分的综合检测问题,基于小波变换技术构建一系列检测方法、检测准则和阈值参数,检测和识别QRS波群、P波、T波的具体形态和位置.实验结果表明,所提出的综合检测算法具有较好的鲁棒性,能够较好地抑止或消除基线漂移、高频干扰等外部因素,以及大T波、大S波、高U波、波形融合等自身病态因素对波形综合检测产生的影响.     

基于DWT低频系数的自适应盲水印算法

提出了一种基于小波变换低频系数的自适应数字水印算法。通过小波变换将图像分解成不同空间与频率的系数,这些系数之间存在着一种树状结构关系。利用这种树状结构关系将低频系数分成两类,一类对应图像的强纹理区域,一类对应图像的弱纹理区域;针对分类的结果将不同强度的水印分量嵌入到对应的低频小波系数中。该算法具有很好的不可感知性,实验结果表明该算法有较好抗JPEG压缩、低通滤波、剪切等各种攻击的能力。     

Fake finger-vein image detection based on Fourier and wavelet transforms

Recently, finger-vein recognition has received considerable attention. It is widely used in many applications because of its numerous advantages, such as the small capture device, high accuracy, and user convenience. Nevertheless, finger-vein recognition faces a number of challenges. One critical issue is the use of fake finger-vein images to carry out system attacks. To overcome this problem, we propose a new fake finger-vein image-detection method based on the analysis of finger-vein images in both the frequency and spatial domains.This research is novel in five key ways. First, very little research has been conducted to date on fake finger-vein image detection. We construct a variety of fake finger-vein images, printed on A4 paper, matte paper, and overhead projector film, with which we evaluate the performance of our system. Second, because our proposed method is based on a single captured image, rather than a series of successive images, the processing time is short, no additional image alignment is required, and it is very convenient for users. Third, our proposed method is software-based, and can thus be easily implemented in various finger-vein recognition systems without special hardware. Fourth, Fourier transform features in the frequency domain are used for the detection of fake finger-vein images; further, both spatial and frequency characteristics from Haar and Daubechies wavelet transforms are used for fake finger-vein image detection. Fifth, the detection accuracy of fake finger-vein images is enhanced by combining the features of the Fourier transform and Haar and Daubechies wavelet transforms based on support vector machines.Experimental results indicate that the equal error rate of fake finger-vein image detection with our proposed method is lower than that with a Fourier transform, wavelet transform, or other fusion methods.     

基于双树复小波的图像边缘检测

边缘检测在图像处理中具有非常重要的作用,它可以作为图像分割、模式识别及场景分析和图像检索的基础.经典的边缘检测算法相对比较简单,但方向适应性受到一定限制,尤其针对多方向的边缘,其检测结果明显不满足要求.在充分研究小波性能特点以及边缘检测的基础上,提出了方向选择性更强的双树复小波边缘检测算法.＃实验证明:该算法边缘定位效果好,边界相对清晰而且比较连续,同时能充分检测出图像细节部分的边缘.     

小波变换与二次谱相结合的基音检测法

噪声环境下的基音检测在语音信号分析和识别中占有重要地位。二次谱法是基于倒谱法的一种改进的基音检测方法。本文结合二次谱法和小波变换的去噪特性,提出了一种有效的噪声环境下的基音检测方法。实验表明,在信噪比较低的情况下,该法也能较精确的检测基音周期。     

Contourlet概率分布的遥感图像边缘检测方法

提出一种新的基于Contourlet概率分布的边缘检测算法, 首先,对图像Contourlet系数概率分布的混合高斯分布特性进行分析,并建立图像Contourlet 系数大小状态的概率模型,同时对基于该模型的图像线状奇异信号进行分离;其次,改进最大类间方差的阈值选取方法,提出一种基于类间距离和类内方差的阈值选取方法,在保证类间距离最大的同时提高了类内聚合度;最后,利用所选阈值对分离的图像线状奇异信号进行二值化处理,并对边缘信息进行提取。实验结果表明,与传统经典边缘检测方法相比,所提出的边缘检测方法在有效检测出遥感图像中光滑边缘的同时可以对图像中次要的奇异信息进行有效的屏蔽,具有很好的实用性。     

基于小波的纹理合成方法

将KL变换与小波变换相结合提出了一种新的纹理合成方法,利用KL变换克服了合成彩色图时存在的颜色失真;对样图进行二维小波分解使得最佳匹配块的搜索仅在原样图的低频部分进行,从而提高了合成速度。在搜索最佳匹配块时,使用多尺度小波变换后的小波系数的差异作为误差度量,并在比较匹配误差时增加高频系数的权重,突出了纹理结构的匹配。实验结果表明,该方法不仅得到了较好的合成质量,而且在很大程度上减少了合成时间。     

基于小波变换模极大值的煤矿岩层图像边缘检测处理

针对煤矿井下岩层监视监控系统中图像边缘检测的问题,提出了采用小波变换进行煤矿井下岩层图像的边缘检测处理.综述图像边缘检测的方法,分析了基于小波变换模极大值的图像边缘检测方法.即首先将图像进行多尺度分解,以获得对图像不同结构特征的描述,进而在各个尺度下通过观测其小波系数模的变化规律检测出不同细节成分的边缘特征.研究结果表明,基于小波变换的图像边缘检测算法能够较好地检测煤矿井下锚杆钻孔内图像中的细节特征,取得了明显的效果.     

Fast conflict detection using probability flow

Probabilistic conflict detection has recently attracted much attention from researchers due to its importance in safe automated transport systems; however, current methods struggle to accurately calculate in real-time the probability of conflict for complex vehicle maneuvers in cluttered environments. We present a formulation for the general probabilistic conflict detection problem using the flow rate of conflict probability at the boundary of a conflict zone. For Gaussian distributed vehicle states, we then derive a tight upper bound for the probability of conflict over a time period, which can be calculated in real-time using adaptive numerical integration techniques. We present two examples to illustrate the performance of this method: the first example shows that this method is very efficient for simple environments and the second example shows that this method can calculate the conflict probability upper bound in real-time even for complex vehicle maneuvers in cluttered environments.     

信号奇异点的分步检测法

针对两种常见的信号奇异点：脉冲型奇异点和阶跃型奇异点,证明信号的奇异点与信号小波变换的最值有关,如果适当选择小波基函数,那么信号的脉冲奇异点将对应于小波基函数的最值点,而信号的阶跃奇异点将对应于小波基函数的原函数的最值点。据此,设计了一个新的基于小波变换的信号奇异点分步检测法（Hierarchical Singular Point Detection based on Wavelet Transform,HSPDWT）,该方法的特点是根据脉冲奇异点和阶跃奇异点的不同特征分两步从信号中提取奇异点。仿真及真实信号上的实验证明了HSPDWT的可行性和有效性。     

基于小波变换和LS-SVM的事件检测算法

根据高速公路有事件发生时交通流将产生突变这一原理,提出一种基于小波变换和最小二乘支持向量机的事件自动检测算法。首先用小波变换提取特征数据,然后用最小二乘支持向量机进行分类,仿真实验表明该算法具有检测时间短、检测率高和误报率低的优点,它为事件检测提供了一种切实可行的新思路。     

基于离散小波变换的织物疵点检测方法

提出了一种基于离散小波变换的织物疵点检测新方法。首先通过对采集织物图像进行小波变换,然后把子图分割为相互连接、互不交叠的子窗口,计算每个子窗口小波系数的标准差作为特征值,最后对这些特征值再次计算标准差与极差,以此作为依据与正常织物进行比较,实现对织物疵点的检测。通过对不同疵点进行检测实验,证明了该算法是可行有效的,检测的正确率平均可达90%以上。     

基于小波模极大值的混合立体匹配算法的仿真

该文提出一种新的,利用小波模极大值的基于特征和区域的混合立体匹配算法。首先详细地叙述了如何利用小波模极大值提取图像边缘,并用该点的小波模极大值和幅角作为这些边缘点的特征描述。并在图像边缘立体匹配的过程中,将以前用于图像灰度域的互相关函数应用于小波域,边缘点的视差仿真图显示,该边缘匹配算法取得了很好的效果。然后,在基于区域的匹配中,利用边缘匹配的结果,减少了匹配互相关的搜索的范围,大大减少了计算量,增加了正确率。最后,将两个视差图结合起来,就得到了最终的稠密的视差图。     

基于二维小波变换的车牌边缘检测的研究

在Matlab环境下运用基于二维小波变换边缘检测方法提取车牌信息的边缘。实验证明这种方法对车牌边缘信息提取的效果比传统的边缘提取算子提取车牌信息边缘的效果要好,特别是对伪边缘和图片噪声的过滤作用比较明显。