Fenton试剂氧化法对染料中间体废水的深度处理

以实际染料中间体废水经铁催化内电解、水解酸化、好氧生化组合工艺处理后的出水为研究对象,考察了Fenton试剂氧化法深度处理染料中间体废水的效果和影响因素。当进水CODcr为187．5mg／L、色度为1085倍时,出水CODcr下降到59．2mg／L,去除率为68．4％;色度下降到129倍,去除率为88．1％。     

破乳+Fenton试剂法处理高浓度废乳化液的研究

采用破乳-Fenton试剂法对机械厂磨床车间废乳化液进行处理(原水CODcr=290000mg／L，BOD5=28000mg／L)。结果表明：使用合适的破乳药剂，破乳后废水的CODcr去除率达到97．8％；之后投加适量的Fenton试剂进行氧化处理，最终出水CODcr为684mg／L；BOD5／COD由0．094增至0．47，可生化性大大提高。     

UV／Fenton处理苯酚废水的研究

采用UV／Fenton联合体系降解苯酚模拟废水,苯酚的初始质量浓度为300mg／L,COD。的初始质量浓度为760mg／L。探讨了pH值、H202（30％）和FeSO4·7H2O投加量、反应时间等因素对苯酚和CODcr去除率的影响。结果表明,UV／Fenton联合体系降解苯酚废水的最佳工艺条件是：溶液pH值为3、H2O2投加量为2．5mL／L、FeS04·7H20投加量为0．020g／L、反应时间为90min。此时,苯酚的去除率为95％,CODcr的去除率为90％。UV／Fenton联合体系能较好地处理苯酚废水。     

电-Fenton法处理苯酚废水影响因素的研究

采用电-Fenton法对含苯酚废水进行处理,以石墨为阴极、铁为阳极,并向阴极不断通入空气,电解过程产生的H2O2与阳极溶解的Fez＋形成Fenton试剂,Fenton试剂在电解过程中产生大量活性羟基自由基,能够很好地氧化降解废水中的苯酚。实验结果表明：影响苯酚去除率的因素主次顺序为pH值、电解质浓度、电解电压、电解时间、进水苯酚浓度。单因素分析得出电．Fenton法处理苯酚模拟废水的最优反应条件：pH值控制在2左右,反应时间为60min,电解电压选10V,Na2SO4的浓度为30g／L,进水苯酚浓度为150mg／L。在最优条件下苯酚的去除率为82％。     

内电解、Fenton试剂处理腈纶废水

利用单因素优化方法研究了不同反应条件对内电解、Fenton试剂处理腈纶废水的影响。研究结果表明内电解和Fenton试剂处理腈纶废水的最佳操作条件分别是：进水pH值为3、反应时间2h、Fe／C为1、不曝气和反应pH值为3、反应时间2h、Fe^2＋浓度为600mg·L^-1、H2O2浓度为1500mg·L^-1。在各自最佳操作条件下内电解和Fenton试剂对腈纶废水的COD处理效果分别达到了40％和50％,两者联合总的去除率达到了70％以上,最终出水COD小于400mg·L^-1,达到了后续生物处理的要求。     

江汉油田钻井废水处理实验研究

以油田钻井废水为处理对象研究了预处理和类Fenton试剂催化氧化法深度处理工艺，考察了Fenton试剂投加量、反应条件、反应时间等单因数对处理效果的影响。确定了该处理工艺的最佳操作条件为：H202（30％）投加量为3mL／L，Fe2SO4·7H2O为900mg／L，H2O2／Fe^2＋（摩尔比）=9，pH值为3，反应时间为90min。废水中的主要污染物指标CODcr的去除率大于97％。     

Fenton试剂对偶氮染料活性黑5的脱色研究

以活性黑5染料溶液为研究对象,通过匹交实验确定了Fenton反应中各影响因子的最佳操作条件为：染料初殆浓度=50mg／L,pH=4,H2O2浓度=5．78mg／L,Fe^2＋浓度=9．52mg／L。同时考察了反应时间、溶液pH值、H2O2浓度、Fe^2＋浓度、染料初始浓度对脱色效率的影响。实验表明脱包反应在15min内基本完成,Fenton试剂能在较宽的pH范围内保持较好的脱色效果。增加H202浓度可以提高活性黑5溶液脱色率,但超过5．78mg／L后效果捉高不明显。在6.16～16．24mg／L的范围内,Fe^2＋浓度对脱色效果的影响不显著。染料脱色率随染料初始浓度的升高而降低。     

土霉素生产废水的处理试验

根据土霉素制药废水的水质特征，进行了“Fenton-接触氧化”工艺处理制药废水的试验，结果表明：Fenton反应可有效地降低废水的有机物浓度，提高了废水的可生化性，BOD5与CODcr的质量比由0．19提高到0．47，有利于后续好氧生物反应：该工艺的平均CODcr，平均BOD5去除率分别达到98％和96％，出水CODcr、BOD5的质量浓度分别不高于132mg／L、52mg／L。     

电Fenton法处理染料废水的研究

采用电Fenton法预处理染料废水,对影响COD及色度去除率的各种因素,包括内电解反应的初始pH值、铁的投加量、铁炭投加比,Fenton试剂氧化处理过程中初始pH值、H2O2的投加量及投加方式、反应时间等进行了研究。结果表明,内电解反应的最佳条件为：pH值为3．0,铁的投加量为25g/L,Fe／C为1：1．3;Fenton试剂氧化处理染料废水的最佳条件为：H2O2投加量为30mmol／L,pH值为内电解出水pH值（4．0左右）,反应时间为50min。COD去除率可达58％,色度去除率可达95％以上,B／C的值也由原来的0．08提高到0．36左右。     

低剂量Fenton试剂法处理2-羟基-3-萘甲酸生产废水的工程实践

2－羟基－3－萘甲酸生产废水,在pH值为1.8、CODcr值为1710mg／L时,采用低剂量Fenton试剂－混凝－过滤－稳定塘处理工艺,当每吨废水投加H_2O_2 2 L、FeSO_4·7H_2O 100g时,可使处理后排水的CODcr＜100mg／L。该处理工艺适合中、小型2－羟基－3－萘甲酸生产厂的综合废水处理。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.