反应高能球磨制备纳米WC/MgO复合粉末

将WO3、C和Mg粉末按摩尔比为1∶1∶3混合,在室温下用高能球磨法对其进行球磨,经XRD、SEM和TEM分析表明,在球磨到4.7 h时,WO3、石墨和镁之间发生氧化还原反应直接生成了WC和MgO粉末,之后随球磨时间的延长,粉末不断细化.球磨50 h后,得到WC晶粒度和颗粒度分别约为25 nm和100 nm的WC/MgO复合粉末.实验结果和热动力学分析表明,WC/MgO的合成是一个自蔓延反应过程,此反应可以在很短的时间内完成.     

磨球直径对机械合金化合成TiC反应过程的影响

使用机械合金化方法在卧式行星式球磨机上制备了TiC。利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对粉末的微观结构和形貌的变化进行了分析。讨论了在机械合金化制备TiC过程中磨球直径对于球磨效率、球磨能量的传递以及Ti+C→TiC发生机理的影响,对于TiC的不同形成机理作出了解释。结果表明:在机械合金化制备TiC的过程中,磨球直径对于反应发生的速率和反应机理有着明显的影响,即当磨球直径较小时,Ti+C→TiC反应是以机械诱发扩散反应(MRD)的形式逐步进行的;当磨球直径较大时,反应是以自蔓燃反应(SHS)的形式快速进行的。     

氧化锆球体上的铝膜机械球磨法制备及工艺研究

在氧化锆球体上用机械球磨法制备铝膜,采用SEM和EDS观察铝膜的显微形貌及成分,分析了铝涂层的形成过程,运用L9（3^4）正交试验研究了球磨时间、球磨转速和球料比等工艺参数对膜厚的影响规律。结果表明：球磨转速、球磨时间、球料比影响膜厚的极差依次减小;以球磨时间10h、转速250r／min、球料比7：1参数制备的铝膜最厚,达到了50μm,且铝膜结构较致密,含氧量低、纯度高,与氧化锆球体机械结合良好。     

Reaction Sintering of Fe-Al Powder Mechanically Activated

The mixture of Fe and Al powder was mechanically activated and sintered to study a non-melting methodof producing the intermetallics Fe3Al. High-energy ball milling was used as an activation method, X-ray diffractionand SEM were chosen to analyze the materials variation before and after activation and sintering, and hot press ofFe-Al powder was inveshgated to compare mechanical activation with sintering. The results show that combiningmechanical activation with reaction sintering can complete the transformation from pure Fe and Al powder to intermetallics. It is difficult to do the transformation by either mechanical activation or hot press.     

Novel spin glasses by mechanical milling

Novel spin-glass alloys were synthesized by milling intermetallic compounds and also by milling mixtures of crystalline elemental powder in a high-energy ball mill.Spin glass behaviour was found in amorphous Co2Ge,which was amorphised by milling in mechanically disordered crystalline GdAl2 in ball-milled crystalline and amorphous CoZr,and in mechanically alloyed Co-Cu,which formed a supersaturated f.c.c.solid solution.All these materials are binary alloys and tlie concentration of the magnetic element is high,which makes them novel types of spin glasses.It is shown that ball milling may not only lead to structural metallic glasses,but can also generate the magnetic pendant of a structural glass,namely the spin glass.     

Experiment Study on Shock Induced Reaction Process of Ti+Si Reactive Powder

A phenomenon of shock wave reacceleration was studied when Ti+Si reactive powder is loaded by a high-speed flyer. The self-propagating reaction in the Ti+Si reactive powder was triggered by the high speed impaction of the flyer launched by a two-stage gas gun. In the process of self-propagating reaction, a strand of optical fiber and the electric pins were used to measure the velocity of shock wave propagation. The experimental results showed that the initial velocity of shock wave in the reactive powder was a few hundred meters per second, and then it decreased obviously with the increase of propagation distance. This phenomenon was also verified in the process of a pure Si powder loaded by a shock, while the phenomenon of shock wave reacceleration was not observed in the Ti+Si reactive powder.     

钛铁矿的机械活化及其浸出动力学

对攀枝花钛铁矿的机械活化及其浸出动力学进行了研究。结果表明：活化矿的浸出速率控制步骤随浸出的进行而发生变化，在浸出前期为液膜扩散和表面化学反应混合控制，而在浸出后期则为表面化学反应控制。这说明钛铁矿的机械活化过程是由颗粒外层向内层逐步推进的，存在一个未活化的芯层，而且在活性层中活性由表至里下降。对活化层进行了估算，其厚度约为40nm。     

Formation mechanism of Ti5Si3 powder by mechanical alloying

The formation mechanism of stoichiometry Ti5Si3 by mechanical alloying (MA) from elemental powders has been investigated. The results of XRD and SEM analyses of the powder show that Ti5Si3 can be synthesized by MA in a planetary mill with two different formation mechanisms. Ti5Si3 was formed gradually with the mechanical collusion reaction (MCR) mechanism under a lower impact energy, and the Ti5Si3 was formed abruptly with the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) formation mecha-nism under a higher impact energy.     

钙基添加剂对机械化学法降解二恶英的影响

将废弃鸡蛋壳/碳酸钙作为钙基添加剂,进行飞灰中二恶英的机械化学无害化处理.研究球磨时间、球磨转速对二恶英质量分数和毒性当量降解的影响.利用扫描电镜(SEM)对球磨后样品的结构、尺寸进行分析和表征.实验结果表明,蛋壳作为添加剂可以有效地降解飞灰中的二恶英,通过8h以上的球磨,二恶英的质量分数和毒性当量都降低到50%以下.相同条件下,球磨转速越高,二恶英的降解率也越高.对于规模化的应用,选取转速为300～400r/min较为合理.脱氯反应以及分解反应是机械化学法降解二恶英的主要途径.     

纳米金属粒子/有机物复合材料组织结构的探讨

采用高能球磨法制备了纳米金属粒子/有机物复合材料,运用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM) 和X射线衍射仪对复合材料的微观形貌特征和结构进行了分析研究,并探讨了球磨时间对复合材料微观形貌特征的影响.研究结果表明,经过超声振动后复合颗粒分布较均匀,100 h球磨后锌粒的粒径大约为100 nm左右,呈层片状分布,聚氯乙烯与锌复合后,均匀地包覆在锌粒的表面.球磨50 h、80 h、100 h和120 h铜粒的粒径分别为300 nm、140 nm、70 nm和30 nm左右,近似圆球状,石蜡可以完全包覆纳米铜粒子.     

机械合金化法制备W-Cu合金粉末的研究

将W80Cu20（n（W）：n（Cu）=4：1）混合粉末在QM-BP式行星式高能球磨机中球磨进行机械合金化,研究了不同球磨时间对W-Cu混合粉末组织的影响.采用XRD和SEM对不同球磨时间的粉末进行分析,结果显示随着球磨时间的增加,混合粉末产生合金化效果不断增强,Cu固溶于W中,并且晶粒尺寸得到一定的细化.     

(Fe-Al)/Al_2O_3复合纳米粉体的机械球磨特性

采用机械球磨的方法制备(Fe Al)/Al2O3复合纳米粉体,通过对粉体的X衍射分析研究其机械球磨特性.结果表明:Al2O3阻碍球磨过程中的Fe、Al合金化,有利于粉末的纳米化和机械活化,并大幅提高出粉率.这对机械活化烧结FeAl基Al2O3弥散型块体复合纳米材料,提高机械球磨效率具有重要意义.     

Microstructural evolution during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of Ti-Al system

In order to investigate the microstructural evolution during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis （SHS） of Ti-Al powder mixture with an atomic ratio of Ti： Al=1：1, a combustion front quenching method （CFQM） was used for extinguishing the propagating combustion wave, and the microstructures on the quenched sample were observed with scanning electron microscope （SEM） and analyzed with energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS）. In addition, the combustion temperature of the reaction was measured, and the phase constituent of the synthesized product was inspected by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results showed that the combustion reaction started from melting of the Al particles, and the melting resulted in dissolving of the Ti particles and forming of Al3Ti grains. As the Al liquid was depleted, the combustion reaction proceeded through solid-state diffusion between the solid Al3Ti and the solid Ti. This led to the forming of TiAl and Ti3Al diffusing layers. In addition, the combustion reaction is incomplete besides TiAl, there are a large amount of Ti3Al and TiAl3 and a small amount of Ti in the final product. This incompleteness chiefly results from the using of coarser Ti powder.     

高能球磨时间对钨铜复合材料性能的影响

将W-15wt%Cu粉在行星式高能球磨机中进行球磨,并将球磨粉末加压烧结成型。研究了不同球磨时间对钨铜复合材料性能的影响。采用XRD、SEM对所制备的球磨粉末及烧结合金分别进行物相分析和组织形貌观察,并测定了烧结合金的相对致密度。结果表明,随着球磨时间的增加,钨铜球磨粉末晶粒尺寸得到细化,且有不饱和固溶体产生;烧结合金晶粒尺寸长大,孔洞减少,相对密度增大接近全致密。     

矿浆流变特性对钢球磨损规律的影响

探讨了湿式磨矿过程中矿浆流变特性对钢球磨损的影响规律.研究结果表明,矿浆粘度随矿浆体积分数的增大而增大,当矿浆体积分数大于50%时,矿浆粘度急剧增大.矿浆粘度是影响钢球磨损率的主要流变学因素,当矿浆粘度介于500～1 000 mPa .s 时,钢球的磨损率出现最大值.当矿浆体积分数较高时,添加化学助剂NaNO2,钢球的磨损率降低,磨矿效率提高.控制磨矿条件能改善矿浆的流变学特性,使钢球表面的罩盖层厚度处于最佳值,从而提高磨矿效率,降低钢球的磨损率.     

相转移催化合成2,2-二甲基-1,3-环氧丙烷

研究了2,2-二甲基-3-氯丙醇在相转移催化作用下进行环氧化反应合成2,2-二甲基-1,3-环氧丙烷的影响因素和反应动力学,并提出在十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(DTAC)作用下的相转移催化环氧化反应机理。通过考察不同相转移催化剂、氢氧化钠用量及其浓度等因素对环氧化反应的影响,得出的较佳反应条件为:相转移催化剂十二烷基三甲基氯化铵用量为2,2-二甲基-3-氯丙醇质量的3%,氢氧化钠与2,2-二甲基-3-氯丙醇的物质的量的比为1.4:1,氢氧化钠质量分数为45%,在此条件下环氧化反应产物收率为91%以上。研究表明相转移催化下的环氧化反应动力学为拟一级反应,活化能为1 603.41J.mol-1,指前因子为14.39×10-2 min-1。     

自蔓延高温反应合成NiCuZn铁氧体粉料的研究

以碳粉作为SHS反应的燃料合成(Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.6O)1.02(Fe2O3)0.98铁氧体粉料,通过XRD、SEM和VSM等检测手段,研究了C粉含量和氧气压力对NiCuZn铁氧体烧结样品的物相、形貌及磁性能的关系.研究表明,当氧气压力为0.2 MPa时,C质量分数为5%时,可获得铁氧体化较完全的铁氧体料粉,其饱和磁化强度为45.5 Am2/kg;随着C含量增加,产物中有ZnO相的出现,饱和磁化强度降低.当C质量分数为15%时,随着氧气压力的增大,铁氧体尖晶石相的衍射峰逐渐变锐,晶形转变趋于完整.     

机械诱发自蔓延反应合成Ti3AlC2的机理研究

以3Ti／Al／2C粉体为原料,采用机械合金化的方法以合成Ti3AlC2材料。研究结果表明,在机械合金化过程中诱发自蔓延反应,反应会产生大量坚硬的小块体颗粒,大小约为0．2-11mm。粉体的组成相为TiC、Ti3AlC2、Ti2AlC,而块体仅含有TiC和Ti3AlC2。获得的粉体和块体产物中Ti3AlC2含量分别约为63wt％和84．8wt％。提出了一个机械诱发自蔓延反应合成Ti3AlC2的反应机制,即Ti3AlC2是从固相TiC与Ti-Al液相中形核并长大。     

卡拉胶-聚乙烯醇固定化酿酒酵母条件研究

利用卡拉胶聚乙烯醇混合胶体固定化酿酒酵母可以制备出机械强度高,传质效果好的凝胶颗粒,其最佳的固定化条件为:聚乙烯醇浓度8%,卡拉胶浓度0.5%,菌体添加量0.1 g/mL,固定化时间24 h.固定化小球能连续反应60 h以上,腺苷三磷酸产量达297.1 mg/L,可用作腺苷三磷酸再生体系.     

冰球凝固过程的传热规律研究

着重讨论冰球蓄冷系统在结冰过程中的传热规律。分析了冰球在凝固过程中的传热机理，建立了传热方程及相面能量方程，用摄动方法求得了方程的近似分析解。得到温度、凝固时间等参数随时间的一致有效分布