Corrosion behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy in dilute NaCl solutions

The corrosion behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy in dilute NaCl solutions was studied using electrochemical measurements, whereby a corrosion map in terms of electrode potential and chloride concentration [Cl⁻] was obtained. AZ91 alloy exhibited the corrosion and passivation zones in dilute NaCl solutions. The passivation zone became narrow with increasing [Cl⁻]. The values of open-circuit potential were in the passivation zone when the [Cl⁻] was less than 0.5 mol/L. XRD patterns showed the presence of the Mg(OH)₂, Mg₅(CO₃)₄(OH)₂·8H₂O and MgO phases in the corrosion product, whereas the latter two phases found in the passive film.     

消失模铸造AZ91镁合金的研究

研究了ZA91镁合金消失模铸造时铸件的厚度,位置和真空度对铸件质量,组织及力学性能的影响,真空度是决定铸件质量的一个关键的工艺因素,无真空时浇注铸件易产生浇不足缺陷,但真空度过大又会导致形成粘砂和气孔等缺陷,真空浇注射明显细化组织,但真空度进一步增大时细化效果野 不明显,铸件显微组织具有很大的壁厚效应,然 位置对组织的影响与是否采用抽真空措施有关,铸件壁厚较小时,铸件的力学性能总体较差,断裂源自Mg/Mg17Al12界面、且主要是以解决理形式的脆性断裂。     

Simulation and experimental investigation of FSP of AZ91 magnesium alloy

A thermo-mechanical simulation of the friction stir processing (FSP), using the DEFORM 3D software based on Lagrangian implicit, was developed and verified by the experimental results. Simulation can successfully predict the temperature and effective strain distributions. Material flow around the tool pin was examined using the point tracking. It was found that the major part of material flow occurs at the advancing side, and consequently, stirred zone (SZ) stretches toward the advancing side. However, material at the retreating side moves slightly in backward direction. The material deformation and the peak temperature influence on the microstructural characters and can determine the width of SZ. Based on the simulation, effective strain and temperature histories of material around the tool pin were also calculated. The amount of effective strain and peak temperature required for recrystallization at the advancing and retreating sides as well as at the bottom of SZ was determined. Therefore, the width of SZ can be predicted by the simulation.     

AZ91D镁合金化学镀Ni-P/Ni-W-P双层镀层研究

为了提高镁合金的耐磨耐蚀性,研究了一种镁合金直接化学镀Ni-P/Ni-W-P双层镀层的方法.采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X-射线衍分析射仪(XRD)分析了镀层的微观结构.对镀层进行了极化曲线分析,并进行了盐酸腐蚀试验和结合力试验.结果表明,该复合镀层组织致密无孔,具有较高的显微硬度和高耐蚀性.镀层硬度可达622HKV,试样在10%的HCl溶液中可保持近3h不腐蚀基体,对镁合金起到很好的保护作用.     

AZ91D镁合金托弹板半固态触变模锻研究

为了掌握半固态触变模锻中工艺参数对成形零件的微观组织和力学性能的影响规律,借助拉伸试验机和金相显微镜对AZ91D镁合金托弹板的半固态触变模锻过程进行了研究.AZ91D镁合金半固态坯料分别采用传统SIMA法和新SIMA法制备.结果表明:压力对托弹板零件的充型过程有很大影响,当压力为500 kN,托弹板零件充型不满;当压力为2000 kN,托弹板零件充型良好.坯料加热温度和保温时间对托弹板零件的力学性能有一定影响.当压力为2000 kN,模具预热温度为450 ℃,坯料在545 ℃保温20 min时,新SIMA法制备的半固态坯半固态触变模锻成形的托弹板零件获得最佳的力学性能.与传统SIMA法相比,新SIMA法制备的半固态坯成形的托弹板零件的室温力学性能和100℃的高温力学性有很大提高.     

AZ91D镁合金超疏水膜层的制备及其表征

采用简单易行的化学刻蚀方法,通过硝酸刻蚀、化学镀银和硬脂酸自组装改性处理,在AZ91D镁合金表面上成功制备出了超疏水膜层,进一步解释了该制备工艺的化学反应机理。利用扫描电子显微镜和视频光学接触角测量仪对AZ91D镁合金表面超疏水膜层的微观形貌和润湿性能进行了表征,利用能谱仪和光谱仪测定了膜层的表面化学组成。结果显示,釆用上述方法处理后的AZ91D镁合金表面呈现出良好的疏水性,水滴在试样表面的表观接触角为153°,滚动角为4°。     

Effects of SiCp size and volume fraction on the high cycle fatigue behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy composites

High cycle fatigue tests (i.e., stress-controlled, axial) were conducted on monolithic AZ91D and AZ91D magnesinm alloy composites processed via squeeze casting and extrusion to contain either 15 gm or 52 gm size SiC particles, at both the 20% and 25% volume fraction reinforcement level. The effects of changes in SiC particle size and volume fraction on the high cycle fatigue behavior have been determined. In addition, the number of cracked particles on the fatigue fracture surfaces, as well as the level of damage beneath the fatigue fracture surfaces were quantified in order to determine the effects of particle size on the evolution of damage during fatigue and during overload failure. Commercial purity Mg specimens containing a large grain size were also tested in fatigue for comparison with the alloy and composite data.     

Experimental study on tensile property of AZ31B magnesium alloy at different high strain rates and temperatures

As the lightest metal material, magnesium alloy is widely used in the automobile and aviation industries. Due to the crashing of the automobile is a process of complicated and highly nonlinear deformation. The material deformation behavior has changed significantly compared with quasi-static, so the deformation characteristic of magnesium alloy material under the high strain rate has great significance in the automobile industry. In this paper, the tensile deformation behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy is studied over a large range of the strain rates, from 700 s⁻¹ to 3 × 10³ s⁻¹ and at different temperatures from 20 to 250 °C through a Split-Hopkinson Tensile Bar (SHTB) with heating equipment. Compared with the quasi-static tension, the tensile strength and fracture elongation under high strain rates is larger at room temperature, but when at the high strain rates, fracture elongation reduces with the increasing of the strain rate at room temperature, the adiabatic temperature rising can enhance the material plasticity. The morphology of fracture surfaces over wide range of strain rates and temperatures are observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The fracture appearance analysis indicates that the fracture pattern of AZ31B in the quasi-static tensile tests at room temperature is mainly quasi-cleavage pattern. However, the fracture morphology of AZ31B under high strain rates and high temperatures is mainly composed of the dimple pattern, which indicates ductile fracture pattern. The fracture mode is a transition from quasi-cleavage fracture to ductile fracture with the increasing of temperature, the reason for this phenomenon might be the softening effect under the high strain rates.     

An investigation on the tribological behavior of AZ91 and AZ91 + 3 wt% RE magnesium alloys at elevated temperatures

The wear behavior of AZ91 and AZ91 + 3 wt% RE magnesium alloys was investigated under a normal load of 20 N at the wear testing temperatures of 25–250 °C and sliding speeds of 0.4 and 1 m s⁻¹. As the sliding speed increased from 0.4 to 1 m s⁻¹ at the wear temperature of 25 °C, the wear rates of AZ91 and AZ91 + 3 wt% RE alloys decreased by about 8% and 60%, respectively. With an increase in the wear temperature to 100 °C, the wear rate of AZ91 alloy was reduced by 58% at a sliding speed of 0.4 m s⁻¹, while the wear rate was sharply increased at a sliding speed of 1 m s⁻¹. At higher wear temperatures, the wear of the AZ91 alloy at both sliding speeds soared as a result of the softening of β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase. However, the wear rate of AZ91 + 3 wt% RE alloy showed a minimum at the wear temperatures of 100 and 200 °C at sliding speeds of 1 and 0.4 m s⁻¹, respectively. Superior wear behavior of AZ91 + 3 wt% RE at the elevated temperatures could be attributed to its higher thermal stability and strength. Furthermore, a rise in sliding speed led to a 55% reduction in the wear rate of AZ91 + 3 wt% RE alloy at the wear temperature of 100 °C due to the formation of stable oxide layers on the wear surface.     

变形的AZ91D镁合金半固态等温压缩的力学行为

为了了解等径道角挤压(ECAE)的AZ91D镁合金在半固态压缩变形中的力学特征,利用半固态温压缩实验、Gleeble1500实验机和金相显微镜对其在半固态压缩变形中的力学行为进行了研究.结果表明:ECAE的AZ91D镁合金在半固态等温压缩中变形由固相晶粒本身的塑性变形、液相包围着固相晶粒的滑动和转动构成;该材料的真应力-真应变曲线由应力激增阶段、应力下降阶段、稳态阶段和应力增加阶段组成;随保温时间的增加或变形温度的升高,获得相同应变量的真应力明显下降,稳态应力和峰值应力也明显下降;随应变速率的增加,稳态应力增加.     

AZ91D镁合金锌系磷化膜成膜机理和生长过程的研究

以磷酸盐化学转化膜为研究体系,采用SEM、XRD、OCP等分析方法及检测手段,研究AZ91D镁合金系磷酸盐化学转化膜的成膜机理、膜层结构及生长过程。研究发现AZ91D镁合金在磷化液中成膜过程分5个阶段:初始成核(1～5s)、基体快速溶解(5～60s)、晶体快速生长(1～2min)、膜层稳态生长(2～10min)和膜层沉积溶解平衡阶段(10min以后)。AZ91D镁合金表面的磷酸盐晶核的形成并非在金属进入溶液的最初时刻一次形成,是分批形成。最先形成的晶核逐渐长大,新的晶核不断生成,磷酸盐晶粒对其表面的覆盖度逐渐增大,直至各个晶粒逐渐长大相互接界,将其表面完全覆盖,结晶过程结束。晶核的形成未优先发生在基体金属的晶界上,随着晶核的生长和外延而形成磷化膜。     

乙醇胺添加剂对AZ91D镁合金表面磷化膜耐蚀性能的影响研究

以磷酸盐化学转化膜为研究体系,采用动电位极化和交流阻抗分析方法及检测手段,研究乙醇胺添加剂及其浓度对AZ91D镁合金磷化膜耐蚀性能的影响.研究发现,(1)乙醇胺(MEA)作为添加剂可有效改善AZ91D镁合金表面磷化膜的耐蚀性能.在MEA添加量为1.2g/L时,磷化膜的耐蚀性最好.添加乙醇胺1.2g/L时制备的磷化膜,在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能比AZ91D镁合金基体提高了10倍;(2)MEA浓度在0.4～1.2g/L时,磷化膜的R_(ct)随MEA浓度增加成线性增长关系.MEA浓度1.2g/L时达到最大值.磷化膜的R_p在MEA浓度为1.2g/L时达到最高值.当MEA浓度继续增加时,R_p明显下降.MEA浓度控制在0.8＜C_(MEA)＜1.6g/L时获得的磷化膜的耐蚀性能最好.     

The effect of PVD coatings on the corrosion behaviour of AZ91 magnesium alloy

In this study, multilayered AlN (AlN + AlN + AlN) and AlN + TiN were coated on AZ91 magnesium alloy using physical vapour deposition (PVD) technique of DC magnetron sputtering, and the influence of the coatings on the corrosion behaviour of the AZ91 alloy was examined. A PVD system for coating processes, a potentiostat for electrochemical corrosion tests, X-ray difractometer for compositional analysis of the coatings, and scanning electron microscopy for surface examinations were used. It was determined that PVD coatings deposited on AZ91 magnesium alloy increased the corrosion resistance of the alloy, and AlN + AlN + AlN coating increased the corrosion resistance much more than AlN + TiN coating. However, it was observed that, in the coating layers, small structural defects e.g., pores, pinholes, cracks that could arise from the coating process or substrate and get the ability of protection from corrosion worsened were present.     

Spark plasma sintering and hot compression behaviour of AZ91 Mg alloy

Abstract

In the present investigation, the microstructural characterisation of the AZ91 Mg alloy produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS), as well as the evaluation of its hot compression behaviour, has been performed. Based on the differential scanning calorimetry analyses of the starting powders, three SPS cycles are investigated, using temperatures of 400 and 450°C, and at 450°C with previous solubilisation soaking at 420°C. Despite different microstructural and hardness characteristics, the three alloys display similar hot compression behaviour. At 200°C, the formation of an unstable crack, which propagates at 45° with respect to the loading axis, is observed after the occurrence of the peak load. At higher testing temperatures, after reaching the peak stress, the flow stress decreases slowly with increased strain of ～0·51. Such behaviour corresponds with the observation of an accelerated cracking due to the propagation of decohesions at the interparticle regions. Ultimately, SPS allowed for attainment of high relative density; however, the sintering degree of the materials was quite low.     

Superplasticity Enhanced by Two-stage Deformation in a Hot-extruded AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

A two-stage strain rate deformation method is proposed to enhance the superplasticity in a hot extruded AZ61 alloy. In the stage-one of deformation, a relatively high strain rate was applied in order to obtain fine grains through dynamic recrystallization. The optimum strain rate for DRX at 300℃ was identified as -5×10-3s-1. Stage-two is conducted at relatively low strain rate in order to utilize the fine grains refined by DRX during stage-one to make the grain boundary sliding operate more smoothly, which resulting in enhanced superplastic elongation from 350% to 440%.     

乙醇胺添加剂对AZ91D镁合金表面磷化膜微观结构的影响研究

以锌系磷酸盐化学转化膜为研究体系,采用SEM,XRD分析方法及检测手段,研究乙醇胺(MEA)添加剂及其浓度对AZ91D镁合金锌系磷酸盐化学转化膜微观结构的影响.研究发现由于锌系磷化液中乙醇胺的添加:(1)改变了AZ91D镁合金锌系磷化膜晶体层的微观结构,促进了晶核的形成和晶粒细化,晶簇间隙中晶核的形成对晶体膜层完整性和致密度起着关键作用;(2)对(Zn_3(PO_4)_2·_4H_2O)晶体的取向有影响,有控制晶簇尺寸使磷化结晶组织更均匀的作用;(3)MEA在1.2g/L时磷化膜层平整致密、晶簇的尺寸均匀缺陷最少;(4)锌系磷化膜有两层结构:(Zn_3(PO_4)_2·_4H_2O)晶体外层和非晶态内层;(5)MEA的不同添加量对晶体层孔隙的影响有3种类型:表面浅孔(a型),晶簇间缝隙或微裂纹(b型),开放缺陷(c型).     

离心压力和冷却速度对AZ91镁合金凝固组织的影响

旨在优化AZ91镁合金凝固组织,通过OM和XRD设备研究了不同离心压力和冷却速度对AZ91镁合金凝固组织演变的影响,结果表明,随着离心压力的增大,合金晶粒尺寸细化,第二相β(Mg12Al17)析出量减少,不保温试样,β相形态由粗大连续网状向细小断续状转变,保温试样,β相为粒状弥散分布晶内,压力增大,颗粒数量减小,粒径细化.同等凝固压力下,增大冷速,一次β相析出量增多,二次β相析出量减少.XRD分析表明,增大离心压力β相峰值略微减弱,α-Mg的晶格常数减小.     

电轧AZ31镁合金在模拟海水中腐蚀行为研究

为对比研究高能电脉冲轧制工艺和冷轧工艺对AZ31镁合金腐蚀性能的影响,采用腐蚀形貌观察、动电位极化测试、电化学阻抗谱与腐蚀速度测试等方法系统地研究了高能电脉冲轧制和冷轧AZ31镁合金带材在模拟海水(3.5%NaCl)中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:在同样变形量下,与冷轧AZ31镁合金相比,电轧AZ31镁合金的耐腐蚀性略有提高.这与电轧AZ31镁合金再结晶比例大,位错密度小,具有较低能态的位错组态及能形成较稳定的腐蚀产物膜有关.     

电磁搅拌对半固态AZ91D镁合金组织的影响

研究了电磁搅拌参数对连续冷却条件下AZ91D镁合金组织的影响.结果表明:当电磁搅拌的频率达到或高于50 Hz时,半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料或坯料组织中的球状初生固相越来越多,越来越圆整;在电磁搅拌频率为200 Hz和冷却速率较低的条件下,搅拌的功率越大,半固态AZ91D镁合金组织中的球状初生固相越多,晶粒也越细小.在电磁搅拌条件下,AZ91D镁合金熔体的激烈流动导致较为均匀的温度场和溶质场、更加剧烈的温度起伏,促进了半固态AZ91D镁合金球状组织的形成.半固态重熔加热使半固态AZ91D镁合金坯料初生固相的形态发生进一步的球化.     

Compressive Deformation of Semi-Solid AZ91D Magnesium Alloy

The compression tests of semi-solid AZ91D Mg alloy have been conducted on a parallel-plate viscometer. The results are as follows. With increasing the compression temperature, the deformation rate or the strain rate of the specimens rises, but the compressive stress continuously decreases; the deformation strain is obviously linear with the compressive stress and independent on compression temperature under a given compression load. In the wake of the compression load being added, the compressive strain increases but the compressive stress decreases clearly; the deformation strain is obviously linear with the compressive stress under different compression load. The mathematical apparent viscosity model about the semi-solid compressed AZ91D Mg alloy has been established, i.e. ηapp=2004.2exp(15.61fs)γ1.317fs-1.3511.