Lightwave system using microwave subcarrier multiplexing

We present a demonstration of subcarrier multiplexing in a lightwave multiple-access network. Three 44 Mbit/s digital signals are transmitted along a single-mode fibre bus by intensity-modulating two 1.3 ?-wavelength, multimode laser diodes with FSK subcarriers, at frequencics between 3.5 and 4.0 GHz. Intermodulation distotion, generated when two or more subcarriers are transmitted by the same laser, does not degrade the tranmission quality.     

Mode-partition noise in microwave subcarrier transmission systems

A simple model describing the change in mode-partition noise as a function of modulating frequency, modulation depth, and dispersion in a microwave SCM, fiber optic transmission system is presented with experimental verification. The effects of temperature on laser intensity and mode-partition noise are also explored. Longitudinal mode distribution associated with low and high noise levels are identified     

高副载波复用光纤CATV系统的优化设计

高副载波复用（ＳＭＣＭ）ＡＭ－ＶＳＢ ＣＡＴＶ系统在国内正日渐引起人们的关注。本文提出了采用掺饵光纤放大器（ＥＤＦＡ）和线性化外调制器在系统中进行优化,以实现高副载波复用。并首次采用定量的无约束数值优化法,即单纯形法,对全系统中一些关键参数进行优化,从而为ＭＳＣＭ ＡＭ－ＶＳＢ ＣＡＴＶ系统的优化提供了一种有实际意义的通用方法。     

Progress in externally modulated AM CATV transmission systems

Recent advances in electronic linearization of AM CATV transmitters based on externally modulated diode pumped Nd:YAG lasers are presented. The theoretical principles and practical issues related to the methods of feedforward and predistortion linearization, the factors affecting system performance and the emerging devices, circuits, subsystems, and systems architectures are reviewed. In experiments based on a predistortion linearized system, transmission over two fibers of 30 km each, wherein each fiber carries 80 NTSC channels, is now routinely achieved with a CNR>50 dBc, a CTB<-65 dBc, and a CSO of typically -70 dBc. As the number of channels broadcast over each fiber is reduced from 80 to 60, CNR increases to 52 dBc. The fiber links served by the system under test each have 12-dB link budget, and include four connectors per fiber, with no degradation observed in one link when the connectors were opened on the other link     

Optical coherent broad-band transmission for long-haul anddistribution systems using subcarrier multiplexing

Signal multiplexing techniques for coherent optical transmission are compared, and appropriate application for a coherent subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) system is discussed. Optical frequency modulation (FM) using direct modulation of a distributed-feedback laser diode (DFB-LD) and a heterodyne detection is shown to be feasible. A transmission system using a local laser in the transmitter is unaffected by polarization and is cost effective. Phase noise can be suppressed by a phase-noise-canceling circuit (PNC) in a heterodyne receiver. This circuit can also effectively compensate for the frequency of instability of light sources. A theoretical simulation of a coherent SCM system showed that 100 channels of 30-MHz FM signal or 15 channels of 155-Mb/s signal can be distributed to 10000 subscribers using single-stage or double-stage optical amplifiers     

Impact of Reflection Induced Noise on AM-VSB CATV Lightwave Systems

1 Introduction The lightwave CATV systems recently can provide the extremely high-fidelity transmission required by the AM-VSB video format. These systems can also provide the satisfactory performance of CNR, CSO and CTB. Such performance has been realize…     

Impact of Reflection Induced Noise on AM-VSB CATV Lightwave Systems

The effect of reflection on the performance of AM-VSB CATV lightwave systems is analyzed. Usually, there are three kinds of reflection existing in the AM-VSB CATV lightwave systems: multipath interference (MPI), double Rayleigh backscattering (DRB) and external optical feedback. The MPI and external optical feedback can be neglected owing to using the FC/APC connectors and isolated DFB lasers in the system link. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the DRB is the limitation of the noise induced by reflection.     

Chirped Fiber Gratings for Dispersion Compensation in Lightwave CATV Systems

The scheme of using linearly chirped fiber gratings to equalize dispersion which would produce nonlinear distortion in long trunk lines lightwave CATV systems has been put forward. The results of the numerical computations show that the CSO is significantly reduced when the grating parameters have been properly designed, and the optical transmission distance can be prolonged effectively.     

Frequency-dependent distortions of composite triple beat inlightwave CATV transmission systems

The frequency-dependent distortion of composite triple beat (CTB) for analog AM multichannel lightwave transmission systems is studied. A modified circuit model which takes into account the small signal behavior of the leakage path is developed, and it is shown that it is adequate to describe the measured frequency-dependent behavior of CTB in a 42-channel load lightwave CATV (cable television) transmission system using a cap-mesa buried-heterostructure (CMBH) distributed-feedback (DFB) laser inside the transmitter module     

Lightwave systems with optical amplifiers

Fiber-optic communication systems using semiconductor laser amplifiers are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The noise and bit-error-rate characteristics of lightwave systems with optical amplifiers are calculated and the dependence of system performance on amplifier characteristics such as optical bandwidth, noise figure, gain, etc., is shown. Experimental results for both a 4-Gb/s optical preamplifier as well as coherent and direct detection systems with four inline amplifiers are presented     

Ultimate limits of subcarrier multiplexed lightwave transmission

An analysis of the fundamental limits in SCM lightwave transmission is presented. The system studied comprises an ideal overmodulated laser transmitter with nonsymmetrical threshold clipping and a shot-noise limited receiver. The power spectral density of the nonlinear distortion noise is evaluated and the optimum modulation index m/sub opt/ is determined. Results are given for the ultimate requirements for VSB-AM and FM SCM modulation formats.<>     

Adaptive subcarrier allocation and bit loading for voice/data transmission in multiuser OFDM systems

A new algorithm of adaptive subcarrier allocation and bit loading (A‐SABL) is proposed for simultaneous voice and data transmission in multiuser OFDM systems. The algorithm takes advantage of the frequency diversity and the voice/data transmission requirements to dynamically assign the number of subcarriers and bits/per symbol on each subcarrier for each user in a single cell. Due to the strict delay requirement of voice service, the subcarriers with low channel gains are assigned for voice transmission with a small number of bits per symbol to guarantee its required bit‐error‐rate (BER) and transmission rate. Based on the remaining subcarriers with high channel gains and the transmission power, the throughput of data transmission is then maximized by loading as many bits as possible on each subcarrier to achieve the required transmission bit rate and BER. Theoretical analysis and simulation on the proposed algorithm show that a better performance is obtained than previously reported schemes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Lightwave subscriber loop systems toward broad-band ISDN

The state-of-the-art of lightwave subscriber loop systems is reviewed. An approach is described for deriving an architecture for subscriber loop systems that can accommodate technological trends in broadband ISDN such as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and synchronous digital networks. Key component technology is discussed, namely, optical fibers and cables, splicing and connectors, and switching     

有光纤放大器的光纤调幅有线电视系统的非线性失真理论研究

本文从理论上研究了有掺铒光纤放大器的光纤调幅有线电视系统的非线性失真问题。提出了等效失真项的概念，并对６０个ＰＡＬ－Ｄ制频道的光纤调幅有线电视系统计算了等效二阶和等效三阶失真项分布。还推导出掺铒光纤放大器的增益斜率与光源调制频率啁啾相互作用产生的二阶和三阶非线性失真的表达式及其传播规律。对采用掺铒石英光纤放大器或掺铒氟光纤放大器二种情况下计算了系统的非线性失真，并相比较。     

Coherent subcarrier fiber-optic communication systems withphase-noise cancellation

A phase-noise-cancelled coherent subcarrier fiber-optic communication system that uses integrated-optic Mach-Zehnder waveguide modulators for frequency-pair encoding is introduced. Optical double-sideband suppressed-carrier signals with the same random phase noise and information encoded in the frequency separation of the two sidebands are generated by properly biasing the modulator. Phase noise is eliminated at the receiver by a nonlinear operation on the two sidebands. System performance analysis with numerical examples, taking into account the modulation index and laser normalized linewidth, is presented     

Fiber-optic subcarrier multiplexed CDMA local-area networks forsubband image transmission

This paper investigates the application of subcarrier multiplexed code-division-multiple-access (CDMA) techniques to image transmission over fiber-optic local-area networks (LANs). In the hybrid scheme, CDMA is used to suppress the interference caused by the laser nonlinearity in the subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) fiber-optic communication systems. Likewise, the SCM scheme is able to increase the channel data rate of CDMA systems. This hybrid system combines the advantages of both schemes and is particularly well suited to subband coding that divides the image information into multiple parallel data streams using an analysis filter bank, each of which is transmitted via a unique subcarrier-code pair, where the spreading code and subcarrier frequency correspond to the image and one of its subbands, respectively. This hybrid scheme also allows more than one image to be transmitted and be accessed simultaneously at the same channel bandwidth, in which each image is assigned a particular spreading code added to its digital data modulating the subcarrier. After transmission, each received signal is independently recovered at a high-Q surface acoustic wave (SAW) receiver with the matching subcarrier-code pair. Other concurrent signals are rejected by the SAW. Then, all the recovered subbands are reassembled by a synthesis filter bank into a close reproduction to the original image. The image quality of subband image transmission via CDMA/SCM fiber-optic channels is evaluated and examined     

Resonant p-i-n-FET receivers for lightwave subcarrier systems

A theoretical and experimental analysis of narrowband resonant direct-detection p-i-n-FET receivers for subcarrier multiple-access networks is described. It is shown how a small inductance can be used to optimize the coupling between the p-i-n and FET, over a range of microwave subcarrier frequencies, minimizing the frequency-dependent thermal noise and leaving shot-noise as the ultimate limitation. Shot-noise then establishes a fixed ratio of the total usable bandwidth to the minimum received power per channel, which for the binary FSK system considered is 6.1 GHz/μmW. A resonant p-i-n-FET receiver, designed to provide maximum sensitivity between 2.5 and 5.0 GHz, has been constructed. The measured signal-to-noise ratio is in excellent agreement with that predicted by the noise analysis     

Optical preamplifiers for subcarrier multiplexed lightwave systems

It is shown that optical preamplifiers used in conjunction with wideband 50 ohm microwave amplifiers make excellent receivers for subcarrier multiplexed lightwave systems.<>     

有线电视网双向传输系统

文章概述了有线电视网双向传输的几种接入技术，阐明了有线电视网双向传输光系统的特点，重点描述了光发射机、光放大器、光接收机和有线电视回传信道的应用。本文为某有线电视台双向网改造的实用实例，可为其他有线电视台的双向网改造提供参考。