基于．Net平台的Petri网建模和分析软件的设计与实现

应用面向对象思想和采用C#语言在．NET可视化编程平台下开发了图形化的Petri网建模软件,该软件作为一个计算机辅助设计和分析工具,使用户可在交互式的计算机图形方式下进行Petri网模型的建立、移动和存储。并可通过运行Petri网生成可达树,可达图来分析Petri网基本特性以及系统性能指标。     

基于着色Petri网仿真模型的安全协议分析

采取形式化方法验证协议的安全性,Petri网是有效的方法之一,但传统Petri网分析过程中经常会出现状态空间爆炸问题。该文采用了基于着色Petri网建立安全协议及入侵者攻击的仿真模型方法,从而获得仿真数据。该方法利用逆向状态分析和Petri网可达性分析,能有效地发现协议中的安全漏洞。并且,如果能恰当地控制好状态空间,则能有效地克服Petri网分析过程中的状态空间爆炸问题。该文给出的利用着色Petri网建立安全协议仿真模型分析的一般方法,实例说明该方法具有普适性,并且方便利用Petri网自动化分析工具实现自动化分析。     

Hierarchical Reachability Graph Generation for Petri Nets

Reachability analysis is the most general approach to the analysis of Petri nets. Due to the well-known problem of state-space explosion, generation of the reachability set and reachability graph with the known approaches often becomes intractable even for moderately sized nets. This paper presents a new method to generate and represent the reachability set and reachability graph of large Petri nets in a compositional and hierarchical way. The representation is related to previously known Kronecker-based representations, and contains the complete information about reachable markings and possible transitions. Consequently, all properties that it is possible for the reachability graph to decide can be decided using the Kronecker representation. The central idea of the new technique is a divide and conquer approach. Based on net-level results, nets are decomposed, and reachability graphs for parts are generated and combined. The whole approach can be realized in a completely automated way and has been integrated in a Petri net-based analysis tool.     

时间Petri网分析工具的实现

时间Petri网是非常适合描述实时系统的模型工具,由于时间的复杂性因素使得它的可达性分析变得非常困难。该文在分析了基于全局时间变量的时间Petri网的可达性算法的基础上,采用OOP技术,实现了一个时间petri网的分析工具。     

An Improved Approach to Test Diagnosability of Bounded Petri Nets

For bounded Petri nets, Cabasino et al. propose a diagnosability test method that is based on the analysis of a modified basis reachability graph and a basis reachability diagnoser. However, its complexity is exponential in the number of nodes of the basis reachability diagnoser. In order to reduce the complexity of their method, this paper presents a new diagnosability test approach for bounded Petri nets. We present the concept of an extended basis reachability graph and prove that our approach is of polynomial complexity in the number of nodes of extended basis reachability graphs. An example is given to illustrate the application of the presented approach.      

Hierarchical reachability graph of bounded Petri nets forconcurrent-software analysis

Petri nets have been proposed as a promising tool for modeling and analyzing concurrent-software systems such as Ada programs and communication protocol software. Among analysis techniques available for Petri nets, the most general approach is to generate all possible states (markings) of the system in a form of a so-called reachability graph. However, this conventional reachability graph approach is inefficient or intractable, even for a bounded Petri net, due to state explosion in many practical applications. To cope with this problem, this paper proposes a method for constructing a hierarchically organized state space called the hierarchical reachability graph (HRG). Using the HRG, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for reachability and deadlock, as well as algorithms to test whether a given state or marking is reachable from the initial state and whether there is a deadlock state (a state with no successor states)     

Detection of Ada static deadlocks using Petri net invariants

A method is presented for detecting deadlocks in Ada tasking programs using structural; and dynamic analysis of Petri nets. Algorithmic translation of the Ada programs into Petri nets which preserve control-flow and message-flow properties is described. Properties of these Petri nets are discussed, and algorithms are given to analyze the nets to obtain information about static deadlocks that can occur in the original programs. Petri net invariants are used by the algorithms to reduce the time and space complexities associated with dynamic Petri net analysis (i.e. reachability graph generation)     

Compositional schedulability analysis of real-time systems using time Petri nets

This paper presents an approach to the schedulability analysis of real-time systems modeled in time Petri nets by separating timing properties from other behavioral properties. The analysis of behavioral properties is conducted based on the reachability graph of the underlying Petri net, whereas timing constraints are checked in terms of absolute and relative firing domains. If a specific task execution is schedulable, we calculate the time span of the task execution, and pinpoint nonschedulable transitions to help adjust timing constraints. A technique for compositional timing analysis is also proposed to deal with complex task sequences, which not only improves efficiency but also facilitates the discussion of the reachability issue with regard to schedulability. We identified a class of well-structured time Petri nets such that their reachability can be easily analyzed.     

基于Time Petri Nets的UML时序图分析

引入一种称为Clock的变迁,用来改进TPNs,讨论了如何将时序图转换为基于Clock变迁的TPNs,使这种TPNs能正确反映时序图的流程和时间约束。最后,利用普通Petri网的可达性分析技术对时序图模型进行了分析和验证。     

移动网可达树

随着计算机技术和网络通信技术的高速发展,对于并发分布式系统,已经提出了进程代数以及Petri网等形式化分析方法。近年来由于移动互联网的出现和快速发展,通过在进程代数中增加移动性得到了pi演算,与此同时,Petri网领域也采用谓词/变迁网、颜色网等构建移动系统模型。但它们仍存在一些不足之处。在此基础上,A.Asperti和N.Busi提出了移动网这一系统模型。移动网是在Petri网的基础上增加了移动性并结合了进程代数的优势得到的,适用于描述和刻画移动计算系统。然而,目前并没有对于移动网相应分析方法的研究。为此开展了移动网模型分析方法的研究,给出了移动网可达树的构造算法,提供了移动网模型可达性分析方法,并对移动车辆电话通信系统实例进行了分析。     

State equation, controllability, and maximal matchings of petri nets

Petri nets are a versatile modeling device for studying the structure and control of concurrent systems. Petri nets and related graph models have been used for modeling a wide variety of systems from computers to social systems. In order to introduce this interesting modeling device to the researcher in control theory, this paper discusses Petri nets in the context of the state equation for a linear discrete-time system. The controllability concept of dynamic systems is applied to Petri nets for the first time. It is also shown that the controllability and reachability of a Petri net are related to maximal matchings of its bipartite graph.     

基于行为表达式的任意随机Petri网的品质分析

提出一种基于行为表达式的品质分析方法,可以做任意分布的有界或无界随机 Petri网的品质分析.该方法不仅拓广了分析范围,解决了文献[4]中没有解决的问题,而且 不必画出Petri网的可达标识图,使分析过程更为简洁.     

State space analysis of Petri nets with relation-algebraic methods

A large variety of systems can be modelled by Petri nets. Their formal semantics are based on linear algebra which in particular allows the calculation of a Petri net’s state space. Since state space explosion is still a serious problem, efficiently calculating, representing, and analysing the state space is mandatory. We propose a formal semantics of Petri nets based on executable relation-algebraic specifications. Thereupon, we suggest how to calculate the markings reachable from a given one simultaneously. We provide an efficient representation of reachability graphs and show in a correct-by-construction approach how to efficiently analyse their properties. Therewith we cover two aspects: modelling and model checking systems by means of one and the same logic-based approach. On a practical side, we explore the power and limits of relation-algebraic concepts for concurrent system analysis.     

基于组合逻辑的故障诊断方法

针对复杂系统故障传播和故障分析的模糊性和不确定性,首先,在逻辑Petri网和模糊Petri网的理论基础上,根据逻辑Petri网的传值不确定性以及模糊Petri网对模糊信息的表示和推理能力的特点,提出模糊逻辑Petri网的概念及推理规则,考虑不同故障源对故障的影响程度,将概率信息引入模糊逻辑Petri网,对故障源赋予置信度,使故障诊断过程更符合实际。其次,利用模糊逻辑Petri网对故障诊断系统进行建模,用模糊逻辑Petri网描述了系统故障状态组合的逻辑关系,并进一步简化了系统模型的表达形式,具有良好的封装性、重构性和可维护性,在一定程度上缓解了状态组合空间爆炸问题。针对故障的传播性,采用可达性分析方法对故障信息的传播路径进行模拟论证,提高了故障诊断效率。最后,通过离心式压缩机故障诊断过程实例分析,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性,提高了故障诊断过程的准确性和高效性。     

On Reachability and Spatial Reachability in Fragments of BioAmbients

BioAmbients is a powerful model for representing various aspects of living cells. The model provides a rich set of operations for the movement and interaction of molecules. The richness of the language motivates the study of dialects of the full model and the comparison with other computational models. In this paper we investigate the limit between decidability and undecidability of two decision problems, namely reachability and spatial reachability, for semantic and syntactic fragments of BioAmbients providing movement capabilities and merge. Our results illustrate the power of merge with respect to the other movement operations of BA for properties like reachability. Furthermore, they establish an interesting connection between BioAmbients and other computational models like associative-commutative term rewriting and Petri nets with transfer arcs.     

Decidability and complexity of Petri nets with unordered data

We prove several decidability and undecidability results for ν-PN, an extension of P/T nets with pure name creation and name management. We give a simple proof of undecidability of reachability, by reducing reachability in nets with inhibitor arcs to it. Thus, the expressive power of ν-PN strictly surpasses that of P/T nets. We encode ν-PN into Petri Data Nets, so that coverability, termination and boundedness are decidable. Moreover, we obtain Ackermann-hardness results for all our decidable decision problems. Then we consider two properties, width-boundedness and depth-boundedness, that factorize boundedness. Width-boundedness has already been proven to be decidable. Here we prove that its complexity is also non-primitive recursive. Then we prove undecidability of depth-boundedness. Finally, we prove that the corresponding “place version” of all the boundedness problems is undecidable for ν-PN. These results carry over to Petri Data Nets.     

时间Petri网的ECS-class可达性分析方法

时间Petri网(TPNs)是实时系统时间特性常用的描述和验证的Petri网模型,可达性分析是Petri网模型最基本分析方法.基于"状态类(State-class)"的可达性分析方法不能正确计算并发情况下的时间延迟,而基于"带时间戳的状态类(CS-class)"的可达性分析方法不能正确处理冲突情况下的事件调度,因此提出了"扩展的带时间戳的状态类(ECS-class)"可达性分析方法.它不仅正确的计算时间延迟,而且合理地调度事件.并对一个时间Petri网模型进行可达性分析验证.     

Behavioral Petri nets: a model for diagnostic knowledgerepresentation and reasoning

Some of the most popular approaches to model-based diagnosis consist of reasoning about a model of the behaviour of the system to be diagnosed by considering a set of observations about such a system and by explaining it in terms of a set of initial causes. This process has been widely modeled via logical formalisms essentially taking into account declarative aspects. In this paper, a new approach is proposed, where the diagnostic process is captured within a framework based on the formalism of Petri nets. We introduce a particular net model, called Behavioral Petri Net (BPN), We show how the formalization of the diagnostic process can be obtained in terms of reachability in a BPN and can be implemented by exploiting classical analysis techniques of Petri nets like reachability graph analysis and P-invariant computation. Advantages of the proposed methods, like suitability to parallel processing and exploitation of linear algebra techniques, are then pointed out.     

基于Petri网的Web服务流语言(WSFL)建模与分析

描述了Web服务流语言(WSFL)的Petri网建模方法，利用网结构描述商业流程基本结构。在对WSFL的语法元素进行分析的基础上，有效地对WSFL所描述的商业流程进行了Petri网建模。在此基础上，结合Petri网的可达图分析技术，分析和验证了商业流程的可达性和活性等性质。