应用双头电导探针技术测量 气液两相泡状流局部参数

本文研究应用双头电导探针技术测量气泡局部参数,从而揭示了气液两相泡状流的内部流动规律。成功地设计了一种能够快速可靠测量气泡局部统计参数,包括空隙率、气泡速度、气泡尺寸、界面浓度等的电导探针系统。发现探针尖部的导通距离、沿流动方向两探针间的距离和两个探针针尖的间隙是设计电导探针的关键尺寸。     

电导探针测量气液两相流持液率的研究

文章主要对气液两相流的持液率进行了试验研究,介绍了环状和双平行电导探针的制作、标定和应用特点。试验结果表明,应用环状探针测量气液两相流持液率比双平行探针的测量效果好。并利用电导探针测量系统研究了不同流型下气液两相流的持液率随时间变化的特点、气液两相流的持液率随气、液量的变化特点以及持液率与压力的关系。     

应用双头电导探针技术测量气液两相泡状流局部参数

本研究应用双头电导探针技术测量气泡局部参数,从而揭示了气液两相泡状流的内部流动规律。     

工业管流电容测量技术中的电导效应及克服方法

本论述了用电容法测量液固两相流相浓度时电导效应的影响，从理论上推导出克服这种影响的方法，并介绍了作在纸浆浓度传感器研究中所采用的克服电导效应的措施。     

双锥流量计气液两相流空隙率测量研究

设计了一种结构简单、对加工工艺要求较低的双锥流量计,并用于气液两相流参数的测量.提取双锥流量计的差压波动信号的特征值,采用无量纲分析方法建立分相含率的测量模型,通过优化方法获得局部最佳的模型参数.在气液两相流实验装置上开展了实验研究.结果表明,所建立的分相含率测量模型可在一定的空隙率范围内对气液两相流含气率进行有效的测量.     

采用电导法测量液膜厚度的理论分析与实验修正

本文建立理论计算模型，研究了利用电导法测量液膜厚度时电极的几何结构对测量的影响。提出用修正电极的方法减少液体电导率、表面接触电阻等因素引起的误差     

微通道内气液两相流型的数值模拟

为了解微通道内气液两相流型对换热器热质传递的影响,建立了微通道内气液两相流型的数值模型。本文对微通道内气液两相波纹流、环状流和弹状流进行模拟,采用VOF界面追踪方法来描述气液相界面,并考虑了表面张力和重力的影响,并建立了预测微通道内气液两相流型的数值模型。通过与已有文献中的实验数据对比,验证了模型的可靠性。     

用探针法在线测量管道气液两相流平均截面含气率

本介绍用探针法测量管道气液两相流平均截面气含气率的可行性分析，依据班可夫变密度模型提出了在线测量的具体方法，给出了光导纤维探针对水一空气两相流和油－空气两相流的测试结果。     

基于子波分析的气液两相流中气含率的测量

用热膜风速仪以高于对应最小湍流时间尺度的分辨率精细测量环流反应器内不同空间位置的气液两相流瞬时速度信号,用子波分析的能量最大准则辨识气液两相流中的相.利用子波分析方法自动识别气液两相流中的相,从而获得测量气液两相流中气含率的切实可行的方法.     

基于阵列超声传感器的气液界面检测

利用超声波声束对两相流参数检测的优点,使用阵列超声传感器探究了气液界面下的超声波声束和液面的关系。实现了超声波声束对整个气液界面的参数检测,测量了静态气液界面高度,实现动态超声波声束对分层流气液界面的重构。并在河北大学多相流循环装置进行实验验证,实验结果表明,阵列超声波声束可以实现对气液界面高度检测,可分辨最小2mm气液界面高度;重构图像的截面含气率和高速相机拍摄得到的截面含气率误差不超过4%。     

Mass Transfer and Friction in Near-Wall Film Flows in Conditions of High-Velocity Co-Current Gas Flow

We present the experimental research on the interaction of co-current gas flow with near-wall liquid film for gas velocities up to 300 m/s. Local parameters of near-wall liquid film are measured by using capacity-type probes. It is shown that co-current gas flow has strong influence on near-wall liquid film, leading to intensive wave formation, detachment of droplets from the film surface and their entrainment by the gas flow. Thus it is shown that the relative amount of liquid carried away by co-current gas flow is well characterized by Weber number of gas flow. A model for the motion of a film with co-current flow, connecting a thickness and velocity of the film with value of shearing stress at gas-liquid boundary, is suggested. It is shown that intensive wave formation leads to essential increase of the interphase friction value.     

Quantitative analysis of low molecular weight polar compounds by continuous flow liquid secondary ion tandem mass spectrometry

Quantitative analyses of low molecular weight (100-200) polar compounds [1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+), 2-amino-3-(methylamino)propanoic acid (synonyms, beta-(methyl-amino)-L-alanine or BMAA), and tryptophan] were conducted on a triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer configured for continuous flow liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry ionization (CF L-SIMS). It is shown that quantification by CF L-SIMS at subnanogram sensitivity can be precise (correlation coefficients greater than 0.99), accurate, specific, and routine for compounds not measurable by static L-SIMS. Successful analyses, however, are strongly dependent upon the stability of the film formed by the mobile phase on the probe tip. In our system, film stability is affected by mobile phase composition and flow rate, ion source and probe tip temperature, probe-tip and capillary alignment, film thickness, and sample composition.     

Evaporation heat and mass transfer in natural convection pipe flow

Abstract

A numerical analysis has been performed to examine film evaporation on natural convection heat and mass transfer in a vertical pipe. Coupled governing equations for liquid film and induced gas flow were simultaneously solved by the implicit finite difference method. Results for interfacial heat and mass transfer coefficients are specifically presented for ethanol film and water film vaporization. The predicted results indicate that the heat transfer from gas‐liquid interface to the gas flow is predominated by the transport of latent heat in association with film evaporation. The results are also contrasted with those of zero film thickness and show that the assumption of extremely thin film thickness made by Chang et al. [5] and Yan and Lin [19] is only valid for a system with a low liquid Reynolds number Re _l1. But as the liquid Reynolds number is high, the assumption becomes inappropriate.     

Nonlinear Wave Simulation on a Surface of Liquid Film Entrained by Turbulent Gas Flow at Weightlessness

The article considers the joint flow of a liquid film entrained by turbulent gas. Since liquid velocity is small in comparison with gas velocity, the problem is reduced to the calculation of pressure and shear stresses produced by the gas flowing over a wavy wall with small amplitude. Further, these data are used at the boundary conditions, when the flow of a liquid film is considered separately. As a result, we obtain a new system of equations for modeling the dynamics of long-wave perturbations on the surface of a viscous liquid film entrained by turbulent gas at microgravity. At small Reynolds numbers typical to the condition of microgravity, it was proved that this system is reduced to one evolution equation for the film thickness. Some numerical solutions of this equation have been received in this work.     

组合热膜探头热式气体流量计的研制

介绍了一种传热原理的组合热膜探头.在对该组合热膜探头的温度特性以及温度补偿性能进行实验研究的基础上,设计了具有温度补偿的气体流量计,并在音速喷嘴检定装置上对该流量计进行了流量检测实验.对实验结果的拟合和处理表明,该气体流量计的测量精度优于0.5%,流量范围度大于60:1.     

Asymmetric distribution of falling film solution flowing on hydrophilic horizontal round tube

A two-dimension two phase flow model was established to simulate the falling film flow of LiBr solution on a horizontal hydrophilic tube with different solution sprinkle density and tube surface wettability, and the latter has been an overlook factor. The transient characteristics of solution spreading as well as steady film thickness were analyzed. The results show that a continuous film can only be obtained at sufficiently greater sprinkle density with real surface wettability, the liquid coverage of tube surface increases with the increase of sprinkle density or the decrease of static contact angle. The obvious asymmetric distributions of film thickness and film velocity over the horizontal tube surface are demonstrated in a steady state. The thinnest film thickness or maximum film velocity takes place at circumferential angle around 120°. A modified Nusselt equation for predicting the film thickness is suggested and verified by available both simulation and experimental data.     

结霜工况下空温式翅片管气化器传热试验研究

为深入掌握低温液体在空温式翅片管汽化器内的气化情况以及其与翅片管表面霜层生长的相互影响规律,以液氮为介质进行了低温液体在空温式翅片管气化器内的气化试验。通过热电偶和刻度带分别对翅片管上不同位置的温度和霜层厚度进行了测量,并分析了翅片管表面霜层的生长规律及翅片管内低温液体的流动特性。结果表明:气化器表面结霜过程受冷表面温度影响较大,冷表面温度越低,结霜速率越大,霜层越厚。结霜工况下的气化器工作状态分预冷和稳态两种工作状态。预冷工作状态低温液体进入气化器后迅速气化,其过程包含气液两相和单气相两个换热段。稳态工作状态低温液体在气化器内气化经历单液相、气液两相、单气相三个换热段,单液相段翅片管表面结霜最为严重,单气相段翅片管表面无霜晶形成。因此认为,可通过分状态分段设计空温式翅片管气化器从而减弱结霜对翅片管传热的影响,提高气化器换热效率。     

Experimental study of the wave flow of a liquid film on a heated surface

The wave flow of a water film over the surface of a vertical plate with a 150×150-mm heater has been experimentally studied. The action of heat flux on the wave flow of the liquid film is manifested by the formation of periodic flowing rivulets separated by thin film regions. The thickness of the film between rivulets was measured using a fiber optical reflection probe. As the heat flux grows, the average film thickness h continuously decreases. However, when the thickness reaches h≈0.5 h₀, where h₀ is the value given by the Nusselt formula for a laminar liquid film, the film exhibits spontaneous rupture. It was found that, as the local flow rate decreases, the wave amplitude in the region between rivulets drops more rapidly than expected according to the laws of “cold hydrodynamics.”