酰胺基烷基膦酸钠的表面性质

系统地研究了四种酰胺基烷基膦酸二钠新型表面活性剂的表面性质(γ,cmc和Г_∞等),结果表明,这类表面活性剂具有较高的表面活性,是一类具有单链型疏水基的表面活性剂。测定了表面活性剂-庚烷-戊醇-水的拟三元微乳液相图,并用ATR-IR研究了该微乳液在碳钢表面的吸附作用,表明该微乳液在碳钢表面形成了致密的吸附膜,此吸附膜的组成类似于微乳液的界面膜的组成。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(ⅩⅤ)——开关型表面活性剂的合成研究进展

介绍了开关型表面活性剂的分类,详细阐述了电化学开关型、光开关型、酸碱开关型、CO2开关型及温度开关型等表面活性剂的合成进展,分析了各类开关型表面活性剂合成发展的制约因素,并展望了发展趋势和研究方向。     

两性表面活性剂的合成路线概述

重点介绍了国内新型两性表面活性剂的合成研究概况。咪唑啉型表面活性剂的合成主要是利用了咪唑啉中间体羟基的反应活性,通过酯化或磺化合成出了硼酸酯、硫酸酯和磺酸盐型咪唑啉两性表面活性剂;以二乙醇胺为原料合成两性表面活性剂时,先与脂肪酸或卤代烷反应合成出叔胺,叔胺再与各种季铵化剂反应制备各种两性表面活性剂;甜菜碱型两性表面活性剂的原料可以是脂肪酸、脂肪醇或脂肪伯胺。氨基酸型两性表面活性剂以伯胺为原料,合成出分子中引入了其他原子或基团。对这些两性表面活性剂的性能测定表明,它们的性能优良。     

双烷基咪唑啉季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂在酸洗液中对碳钢缓蚀作用的研究(英文)

利用动电位极化技术、腐蚀失重法、自制酸雾测定装置对烷基咪唑啉季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂在盐酸酸洗液中对A3 钢的缓蚀、抑雾性能进行了研究。探讨了缓蚀剂浓度、酸洗温度等因素对缓蚀率、抑雾率的影响、烷基咪唑啉季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂在碳钢表面的吸附规律 ,发现该阳离子表面活性剂在碳钢表面的吸附符合Frumkin吸附等温式。提出了该阳离子表面活性剂的缓蚀、抑雾机理。结果表明 ,烷基咪唑啉季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂具有缓蚀效率高 (缓蚀率可达99 6 %以上 )、抑雾作用强 (抑雾率可达 85 %以上 )、酸洗耗酸量低 ,说明季铵化烷基咪唑啉阳离子表面活性剂可做为一种多功能的酸洗缓蚀抑雾剂 ,在酸洗工业中具有广阔的应用前景     

聚氧乙烯醚型表面活性剂疏水链结构对低阶煤表面润湿性及可浮性的影响

为探究聚氧乙烯醚型表面活性剂疏水链结构对低阶煤表面润湿性及可浮性的影响,选取了两种具有相同亲水基不同疏水尾链的聚氧乙烯醚型表面活性剂月桂酸聚氧乙烯醚(LAE-9)和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-9),测定了LAE-9和OP-9在煤及矸石表面吸附量和润湿热,并进行了红外光谱分析以及不同表面活性剂添加方式的浮选实验.结果表明:随...     

松香基表面活性剂研究进展

松香是一类产量丰富、价格低廉的可再生林产资源,被广泛地应用于食品、农业、橡胶、油墨、涂料等领域。松香的三环二萜结构具有超强的疏水性,通过催化异构、Diels-Alder加成等手段引入亲水基团可制备高附加值、易生物降解的绿色表面活性剂。本文从阴离子、阳离子、非离子和两性离子表面活性剂4个大类对松香基表面活性剂应用的文献及专利进行综述,重点分析了羧酸盐、磺酸盐、硫酸盐和磷酸盐4种阴离子型表面活性剂和季铵盐阳离子型表面活性剂,多元醇型和聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂,以及甜菜碱型和氧化胺型两性离子表面活性剂。剖析松香基表面活性剂产业化开发的新技术及新产品概况,提出松香基表面活性剂替代传统表面活性剂的潜在应用领域。同时,对松香基表面活性剂的研究发展与产业化发展进行了评价与展望。     

连续流动分析仪测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的方法研究

采用SKALAR SAN++型连续流动分析仪测定水中的阴离子表面活性剂,通过对仪器测定方法的线性相关性、检出限、精密度、准确度和回收率进行分析研究,结果表明连续流动分析仪测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的各项技术指标均满足水质监测分析质量要求。     

两相滴定法测定甜菜碱两性表面活性剂活性物含量研究

两性表面活性剂在酸性条件下呈现阳离子性质,因此可在酸性条件下加入过量的阴离子表面活性剂,再用阳离子表面活性剂海明进行滴定。采用亚甲基蓝-百里香酚蓝混合指示剂测定甜菜碱型两性表面活性剂活性物含量并研究表面活性剂复配时其他复配剂(如非离子表面活性剂、聚合物以及无机盐)对测定结果的影响。实验结果表明该法可以快速测定甜菜碱型两性表面活性剂的活性物含量并且准确度较高,现象比较明显,易于判断滴定终点,一定浓度范围的复配剂及无机盐对测定结果有一定程度的影响。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(ⅩⅣ)——手性表面活性剂的研究进展

综述了手性表面活性剂的研究进展,重点介绍了胆汁盐、毛地黄皂苷、皂苷等天然手性表面活性剂和氨基酸型、烷基糖苷型、酒石酸型、季铵盐型、聚合型等合成手性表面活性剂的研究现状,介绍了其在手性分离、不对称催化、手性介孔无机材料合成等方面的应用,并展望了手性表面活性剂的发展前景。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(Ⅺ)——Bola型表面活性剂的应用进展

简要介绍了决定bola型表面活性剂性能和应用的两个主要性质;重点综述了bola型表面活性剂的应用.着重从生物膜模拟、生物科学、新型材料、信息科学等方面论述了bola型表面活性剂优越的应用价值和潜力,并对今后的bola型表面活性剂的发展趋势作了展望.     

非离子表面活性剂缔合结构的物理化学性能研究进展

从浊点，表面张力表面吸附、胶束形成热力上行为、与离子表面活性剂的复配，与聚合物的相互作用，微乳液的热力学性质，在非水体系中的物化性能等方面总结了近年来国内外应用现代实验技术对非离子表面活性剂缔合结构物理化学性能的研究现状况，得到了许多有益的规律和结论，并对各个研究领域进行了展望。这地丰富表面活性剂的基础理论和进一步开发利用非离子表面活性剂具有重要意义。     

纳米二氧化锰的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

利用微乳液还原法,用甲苯还原KMnO4制得纳米MnO2。借助傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对其结构性质进行了表征。通过吸附试验研究了溶液pH、煅烧温度、染料初始质量浓度对纳米MnO2吸附亚甲基蓝效果的影响。结果表明,所得纳米MnO2为球型颗粒,其粒径范围为50～80 nm,比表面积大,表面存在大量活性-OH基团,对亚甲基蓝有较强的吸附作用及较强的催化氧化降解能力;在酸性环境下,纳米MnO2对亚甲基蓝的去除能力随pH增大、煅烧温度的升高而呈现减弱趋势。pH=3时,未经煅烧的纳米MnO2对亚甲基蓝去除率高达98.4%,符合Langmuir模型。     

Structure, thermal-stability and reducibility of Si-doped Ce–Zr–O solid solution

The Si-doped Ce–Zr–O solid solutions have been prepared by the reverse microemulsion method. The effects of Si and its content on the structure characters, thermal-stability and reducibility of the Ce–Zr–O solid solution have been studied by N₂ adsorption, XRD, laser Raman (LR), TPR, FT-IR, NMR and XPS methods. The results indicate that, there are the bonds of Si–O–M (Ce or Zr) in the Ce–Zr–Si–O solid solutions, and the presence of Si can increase obviously the surface area, thermal-stability, crystal lattice distortion rate, and reducibility of the solid solution. The surface area of the sample with 20 wt.% Si reaches 153 m² g⁻¹ after being calcined at 900 °C for 6 h. The Ce–Zr–O solid solution with 5.2–10 wt.% Si shows excellent thermal-stability and reducibility.     

Preparation, characterization and photoactivity of TiO2 obtained by a reverse microemulsion route

TiO₂ was synthesized by a reverse microemulsion route. By using different water contents in the reverse microemulsion, we obtained three different materials named R = 10, R = 20 and R = 30. The reverse microemulsion synthesis has the advantage that the kind of the crystalline titania structure obtained may be changed by simply modifying the water content in the microemulsion.The synthesized materials were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Methylene blue (MB) was used as testing dye; we studied the pH effect and catalyst dosage in the MB photodegradation. The degradation kinetics was also studied.     

Interaction of triton X-100 on silica: A relationship between surface characteristics and adsorption isotherms

Adsorption of Triton X-100 on various silica substrates has been investigated. A number of solids, including a natural quartz, this quartz washed with HCl acid and subsequently heated at 1273 K; two aerosils and one Kieselgel silicas were studied. These solids exhibit surface areas in the range of 5 to 430 m² g^?1. All the Triton adsorption isotherms display an S-shape at the adsorption temperatures studied (298 and 308 K). It has been found that the pretreatments of natural quartz (by water washing, impurities removed by acid and/or high temperature calcination) affect considerably the amounts of TX-100 adsorbed. Measurements of surface composition have been made by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with particular emphasis on the presence of impurities and on the number of OH groups at the surface of the samples. The nature of the surface hydroxyl has also been studied by infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the specific number of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the silica samples has been determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Finally an attempt to correlate solid surface characteristics with adsorption isotherms has been developed.     

吐温-80/正丁醇/环己烷/水系微乳液性能及对木材的渗透能力

考察了吐温-80/正丁醇/环己烷/水系微乳液各组分及其质量比对其形成的影响,通过电导率、表面张力和动态光散射(DLS)表征体系的物化性质。结果表明,以吐温-80为表面活性剂,正丁醇为助表面活性剂,环己烷为油相形成的微乳区较大。微乳体系的电导率随含水量的增加呈现规律性变化,可以判断微乳液的3种类型(油包水型、双连续型和水包油型);不同类型的微乳液均具有较低的表面张力(约24.6 mN/m)和粒径(小于100nm),且粒径随体系含水量的增加而增大。此外,采用液体吸收法考察了微乳液对木材的渗透能力,与普通溶剂相比,微乳液具有很强的渗透能力,特别是对于双连续型微乳液,10 min时,对马尾松和桉木的渗透能力分别达70%和50%。     

醇对乙草胺微乳液相图的影响

用拟三元相图法研究了醇醚糖苷（AEG）/醇醚羧酸盐（AEC）/醇/乙草胺/水体系的微乳液相行为,讨论了不同链长的醇对乙草胺微乳液拟三元相图相图的影响,并通过电导率测定研究了乙草胺微乳液的微观结构转变。结果表明：随着助表面活性剂醇碳链的增长,乙草胺微乳液的微乳区面积逐渐变小,而液晶区从无到有并逐渐增大;固定醇的种类为正丁醇时,醇的含量对微乳区面积有一个最佳值。     

ENHANCEMENT OF THE EXTRACTION RATE OF GALLIUM BY THE 7-)1-VINYL-3,3,5,5 TETRAMETHYLHEXYL(-8-QUIN0LIH0L USING A MICROEMULSION AS ORGANIC PHASE

ABSTRACT

The extraction rate of gallium from aqueous NaOH solutions vith the 7-(1-vinyl-3,3,5,5-tetramethylhexyl)-8-quinolinol into kerosene is increased when a vater-in-oil microemulsion is used as organic phase. This microemulsion is formed by adding a surfactant and an alcohol to the extraction system.

The efficiencies of sodium salts of long chain carboxylic acids and a fev other anionic surfactants have been compared. The effects of the alcohol and surfactant concentrations and of the length of the alcohol and carboxylate hydrocarbon chains have been studied.

An extraction mechanism has been proposed vhich is in good agreement vith experimental results. The rate limiting step is the complexation reaction vhich takes place at the macroscopic interface between the aqueous phase and the microemulsion. It emphasizes the role of extractant molecules adsorbed on the water droplets solubilized in the microemulsion.     

Adsorption of lead on activated carbons from olive stones

Studies on the adsorption of lead on activated carbons from aqueous solutions are described. Olive stones have been used as raw material to prepare the activated carbon samples. The porous texture and the chemical nature of the surface of the carbon samples were studied. The adsorption yield as a function of pH, salinity and presence of different cations has been investigated. The results obtained by using these activated carbons have been compared with those corresponding to a commercial activated carbon. All samples show a high adsorption capacity against lead ions.     

Effect of carbon-oxygen and carbon-sulphur surface complexes on the adsorption of mercuric chloride in aqueous solutions by activated carbons

Several activated carbons obtained from commercial sources have been tested for their ability to remove mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) from aqueous solutions. The chemical nature of the surface of the activated carbons was changed by introducing carbon-oxygen and carbon-sulphur surface complexes. The influence of these types of complexes on the adsorption of HgCl₂ by the activated carbons has been studied. It seems that the existence of hydroquinonic, phenolic and hydrosulphide groups on the surface of the carbon reduces Hg(II) to Hg(I). However, there was an increase in the adsorption of Hg(II) when sulphide or hydrosulphide groups were present on the surface of the carbon. The effect of the pH of the solutions on HgCl₂ adsorption was also studied; when the pH was changed from 1 to 7 there was an enhancement of the adsorption of HgCl₂ by the activated carbons.