增塑剂改性聚乙烯醇复合材料的非等温结晶动力学研究

通过加入特殊增塑剂改性聚乙烯醇(PVA),实现了聚乙烯醇的熔融加工。采用DSC并运用Jeziorny修正的Avrami方程研究了不同用量增塑剂改性聚乙烯醇的非等温结晶特点。结果表明,增塑剂可以提高聚乙烯醇的结晶速率和结晶完善度,并且使微晶尺寸变小,增塑剂有异相成核作用。     

热塑性共聚改性聚乙烯醇的结晶动力学

以丙三醇为增塑剂，通过双螺杆熔融挤出热塑化加工工艺，制备了丙三醇热塑化的热塑性共聚改性聚乙烯醇（TCPVA）。采用差示扫描量热法对TCPVA和热塑性常规聚乙烯醇（TPVA）的结晶行为进行了研究与对比，并利用莫志深方程和Avrami方程分别分析非等温结晶动力学和等温结晶动力学。结果表明：TCPVA的结晶温度、结晶速率、结晶活化能、结晶度、晶粒粒径较TPVA低，说明共聚改性基团会破坏分子链的规整性，即TCPVA不易结晶。     

硝酸钙/甘油协同增塑淀粉/聚乙烯醇复合材料

采用溶液成膜法制备了增塑改性的淀粉/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合薄膜,并研究了硝酸钙,甘油和硝酸钙/甘油复合增塑剂对淀粉/聚乙烯醇复合薄膜的增塑改性效果。采用傅里叶变化红外光谱研究了硝酸钙,甘油和硝酸钙/甘油复合增塑剂和淀粉/PVA之间的相互作用,采用X射线衍射,热重分析和拉伸测试研究了不同改性剂对淀粉/PVA的结晶性能,热性能和机械性能的影响。研究结果表明:硝酸钙对淀粉/PVA有很强的结晶破坏效果。采用15%硝酸钙和15%甘油复合改性后,淀粉/PVA的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到17 MPa和399%。     

聚乙烯醇增塑改性研究

本文以聚乙烯醇为基材,甘油、甘露醇及季戊四醇为增塑剂,通过熔融挤出的方法制备了改性聚乙烯醇样品,采用熔融指数仪、电子拉力机及冲击试验机对样品的加工流动性、拉伸性能及冲击性能进行了研究。结果表明,当增塑剂的含量为30%时,甘油改性聚乙烯醇样品的断裂伸长率及冲击强度值最大;甘露醇改性聚乙烯醇样品的熔融指数最高;季戊四醇改性聚乙烯醇样品的拉伸强度最大;季戊四醇和甘露醇复配改性的聚乙烯醇样品具有较好的综合性能。     

尿素/甲酰胺增塑PVA的性能研究

采用流延成膜法制备了以尿素/甲酰胺为复配增塑剂改性的聚乙烯醇(PVA)改性薄膜。采用FTIR研究了复配增塑剂尿素/甲酰胺和PVA之间的相互作用,采用XRD、DSC、TGA和拉伸性能测定对改性后的PVA膜性能进行了测试表征。结果表明,尿素/甲酰胺能与PVA形成氢键作用,破坏PVA的结晶结构,降低PVA膜的结晶度。尿素/甲酰胺的加入降低了PVA的熔点,提高了PVA的热分解温度。改性后的PVA膜的拉伸强度降低,断裂伸长率提高。     

改性聚乙烯醇的力学性能

主要用增塑剂和润滑剂对聚乙烯醇进行改性,并通过拉伸性能和弯曲性能测试研究改性剂对聚乙烯醇的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和断裂伸长率的影响.结果表明:改性后的聚乙烯醇力学性能得到明显改善,并通过分析实验数据,得到改性聚乙烯醇的最佳改性配方体系.     

复配增塑剂改性聚乙烯醇的热塑加工性能研究

以甘油/二缩三乙二醇(GP)为主增塑剂,N-甲基吡咯烷(NMP)辅助增塑剂,对聚乙烯醇(PVA)进行增塑改性,研究了增塑剂类别和配比对PVA的增塑效果。通过红外光谱分析(FTIR)研究了复配增塑剂与PVA间的相互作用,采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)表征了改性PVA的结晶性能和热性能,采用熔融指数仪和转矩流变仪研究了改性后PVA的热塑加工性能。结果表明:复配增塑剂能有效地破坏PVA自身的氢键,降低PVA的熔融温度和结晶度,改善PVA的热塑加工性能,并成功实现了改性PVA的注塑成型。通过注塑成型的PVA具有较好的力学性能,拉伸强度为28.6 MPa,断裂伸长率为534%。     

氯化锂增塑改性聚乙烯醇的研究

以氯化锂(LiCl)为增塑剂,采用流延法制备增塑改性聚乙烯醇,通过红外光谱(FTIR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析仪(TGA)和电子万能试验机研究氯化锂对改性聚乙烯醇分子间作用、热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,氯化锂与PVA分子间相互作用,破坏PVA的结晶度和结晶结构,降低改性PVA体系的熔点。部分氯化锂可以增加PVA的热稳定性。随着氯化锂含量的增加,改性PVA体系塑性增加,拉伸强度逐渐降低,断裂伸长率逐渐增加。     

高熔点多元醇增塑聚乙烯醇的制备与性能

以高熔点多元醇季戊四醇(TMM)为主增塑剂、辅以相容剂和润滑剂形成复配增塑剂,对聚乙烯醇(PVA)进行增塑改性,以增大温度加工窗口,提高其热稳定性,实现改性PVA的熔融加工成型。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析仪(TGA)、熔体指数仪测试了改性PVA的热性能和流动性能;采用扫描X射线衍射(XRD)、电子显微镜(SEM)对其结晶结构与形貌进行了测试与观察;然后进行了力学性能测试。结果表明,高熔点多元醇增塑剂用于增塑PVA,具备降低PVA的熔点,提高分解温度,增加流动性,使改性PVA具有良好的熔融加工性能,可用于注塑与挤出加工,制品具备良好的力学性能。     

新型增塑剂对热塑性聚氨酯的结晶性能的影响评价及实验研究

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)以及红外光谱分析研究了Hyper C100和Hyper hpN_202两种新型增塑剂,以及GMS、硬脂酰胺传统增塑剂对TPU体系的结晶改性效果及其各自体系的氢键密度变化。两种新型增塑剂对TPU体系的结晶改性更为显著。氢键密度变化引起的体系硬段结晶相占连续相的比例变化是影响结晶性能的关键因素,增塑剂对TPU体系氢键密度的影响与DSC结果对应。     

Evaporation behaviour of water and its plasticizing effect in modified poly(vinyl alcohol) systems

Several modified poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) systems with various plasticizers were prepared and their melt‐processing was successfully realized. This paper focuses on the study of the evaporation behaviour of water in these modified PVA systems, exploring its plasticizing mechanism by using differential scanning calorimetry. The evaporation characteristics of bulk water, water in aqueous solutions of the plasticizers, and the thermal properties of PVA were also studied. The experimental results show that water in aqueous solutions of glycerol and/or caprolactam evaporates at a lower temperature than bulk water, but water in the PVA/water system evaporates at a higher temperature, with a wider DSC peak due to the interaction between water and PVA. Incorporation of glycerol, caprolactam or their mixtures further strengthens the interactions between water and the other components, retarding water evaporation. During the processing, the less closely associated water has the plasticizing effect through molecule movement, while the strongly bound water, which breaks the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of PVA and decreases its intermolecular interaction, is more beneficial to the melt‐processing of PVA. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

低分子量PVA对PVA共混体系熔融结晶行为的影响

通过熔融挤出制备了低分子量PVA(PVA0599)改性PVA(PVA1799)共混材料,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)和偏光显微镜(PLM)研究了PVA0599对PVA共混体系熔融结晶行为的影响,结果表明:低分子量PVA的加入降低了共混材料的熔点和结晶度,且随低分子量PVA含量的增加,共混材料的结晶速率先增加后减小,当加入20%的PVA0599时,结晶速率达最大。共混材料的球晶尺寸随低分子量PVA含量增加逐渐减小,低分子量PVA在一定程度上降低了PVA的结晶能力,抑制了其结晶。     

纳米SiO_2对聚乙烯醇/淀粉熔融吹塑薄膜性能的影响

用甘油和水为增塑剂对高醇解度聚乙烯醇和玉米淀粉复配增塑改性,并选用不同的纳米SiO2,对聚乙烯醇/玉米淀粉基体进行纳米改性,熔融吹塑制备聚乙烯醇/玉米淀粉/纳米SiO2薄膜。结果表明:加入纳米SiO2后,聚乙烯醇/玉米淀粉/纳米SiO2薄膜的拉伸性能显著提高,热性能也发生了较明显的变化;探讨了纳米SiO2对薄膜性能影响的机理。     

淀粉/PVA生物降解材料的热塑性研究

将聚乙烯醇(PVA)、淀粉、增塑剂在Hakke流变仪中共混制备了热塑性淀粉/PvA材料,研究了2种PVA-PVA1799、PVA1788,2种淀粉-玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉的热塑性情况;比较了甘油、乙二醇、乙酰胺3种增塑剂的增塑效果.结果表明:采用合适的增塑剂与适当的PVA、淀粉组合可以使PVA/淀粉共混体系在高温下热塑成型...     

增塑剂改性聚乙烯醇的熔融加工性能研究

在聚乙烯醇(PVA)中加入二乙醇胺/一缩二乙二醇复合增塑剂,通过熔融挤出制备了PVA改性材料。采用傅里叶光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪等研究了复合增塑剂对PVA拉伸性能、熔体的流动速率、表观黏度及微晶尺寸的影响,结果表明:增塑剂用量在30 phr以上时,PVA的熔体流动速率大幅增加,表观黏度降低,氢键作用减弱,结晶度和熔点明显下降。     

Effect of urea and formamide plasticizers on starch/PVA bioblend sheets

The starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) bioblend sheets containing urea and formamide as plasticizers were prepared through melt processing in presence of water. The experiments indicated that urea and formamide plasticizers could form strong hydrogen bonds with starch/PVA molecules. Urea exhibited better plasticizing effect than formamide. Urea also could greatly destroy the crystal structures of PVA component in the blends, leading to the decreased crystallinity of the blends. Formamide was a good solvent for urea and could prevent urea separating from the blends, resulting in the improved stability of plasticizing systems. The blends exhibited good flexibility. Therefore, the incorporation of both urea and formamide into starch/PVA blends could exhibit synergistic effects to ensure the blends with both good plasticizing effect and the stability of the plasticizing systems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42311.     

Preparation and properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) films using carbohydrates as plasticizers

Three nontoxic carbohydrates (ribose, xylose, fructose) were used as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) plasticizers to prepare PVA films using a casting method. Fourier transform infrared spectra demonstrated that hydrogen bonds formed between the carbohydrate and PVA. The crystallinity of raw PVA and PVA film plasticized by carbohydrate was characterized by X‐ray diffraction. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that carbohydrate decreased the melting point (T_m) of PVA. The decomposition temperature of PVA increased with addition of carbohydrate. The thermal stability of PVA film plasticized by carbohydrate (CAPF) was higher than that of PVA film plasticized by glycerol (GLPF). The thermal processing window of CAPF was broader than that of GLPF. The water vapor resistance of CAPF was better than that of GLPF. The mechanical properties of PVA films stored at different relative humidity were studied. Generally, the tensile strength of CAPF was larger than that of GLPF, while the elongation at break of CAPF was close to that of GLPF. Our experimental results indicate that carbohydrates are effective plasticizers for PVA. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:E181–E187, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

发泡剂类型对聚乙烯醇发泡行为的影响

采用挤出发泡法制备了不同聚乙烯醇（PVA）发泡材料,利用差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜等研究了放热型、吸热型、热平衡型及反应型发泡剂对PVA发泡行为及性能的影响。结果表明,加入不同发泡剂提高了PVA的结晶度及起始结晶温度,但基体的热稳定性却有不同程度的降低,吸热型发泡剂对PVA基体热稳定性影响较低,反应型发泡剂制备的PVA发泡体系热稳定性最差;反应型发泡剂制备的PVA发泡体系泡孔均匀,密度远远低于其他发泡体系,但力学性能较差。     

可熔融加工聚乙烯醇的非等温结晶分析

通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测试了成核剂对可熔融加工改性聚乙烯醇(PVA)结晶行为的影响,并在DSC的基础上用Ozawa法、Jeziorny法以及莫志深方法分析了改性PVA以及改性PVA/成核剂两种材料的非等温结晶动力学。结果表明:结晶度、结晶峰温度、结晶半衰期、结晶速率对降温速率有很强的依赖性;随着降温速率的增加,结晶速率常数增大,结晶度提高;在相同的降温速率下,复合体系的结晶速率常数较大,即成核剂的加入使改性PVA的结晶速率增加,具有异相成核的作用;其中莫志深方法能够较好地解释改性PVA的非等温结晶过程。     

聚乙烯醇/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯共混物的热行为研究

采用熔融共混法制备了一种聚乙烯醇(PVA)/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)共混物膜,通过差示扫描量热仪研究了共混物膜的结晶和熔融行为。结果表明,随着共混物中PP-g-MAH含量（不超过50 %）的增加,PVA相的结晶和熔融温度升高,结晶度增加,结晶速率增加,而随着PVA含量（超过30 %）的增加,PP-g-MAH的结晶及熔融温度降低,结晶度降低,结晶速率增加。用Ozawa法对共混物中PVA相的非等温结晶动力学研究表明,共混物中PVA相在191~197 ℃开始主期结晶,在173~189 ℃进入次期结晶阶段。