Al-Ti、Al-Ti-C中间合金对AZ91D镁合金组织和性能的影响

研究了Al-5Ti、Al-5Ti-0．25C和Al-8Ti-2C中间合金对AZ91D镁合金的组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,添加Al-5Ti中间合金使晶粒粗化,而添加Al-5Ti-0．25C和Al-8Ti-2C中间合金使晶粒细化,Al-8Ti-2C中间舍金的细化效果明显且细化后组织细小均匀;添加Al-5Ti中间合金使合金的力学性能降低,而添加Al-5Ti-0．25C和Al-8Ti-2C中间合金均使合金的拉伸强度和伸长率得到了提高;添加Al-5Ti、Al-5Ti-0．25C和Al-8Ti-2C中间合金均使合金的耐腐蚀性能得到了改善。对于AZ91D合金而言,Al-8Ti-2C中间合金是一种良好的晶粒细化剂。     

微合金化元素La对亚共晶Al-Si合金凝固组织与力学性能的影响

利用DTA、OM、SEM、TEM、EPMA以及拉伸实验等方法研究了在添加α-Al晶粒细化剂Al-Ti-B中间合金和共晶Si变质剂Sr条件下,微合金化元素La对亚共晶Al-Si合金凝固组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加微量稀土La能进一步细化α-Al,变质共晶Si,显著提高合金的塑性。分析表明:微量La能降低α-Al晶核与TiB2的润湿角,减小α-Al的形核过冷度,促进α-Al的进一步细化;La能诱发交错孪晶的形成,增大共晶Si的孪晶密度,改变Si相的长大行为,进一步改变共晶Si的形貌。当La的添加量达到0.10%时,LaAlSi金属间化合物在凝固过程的共晶反应阶段形成,该化合物的形成将降低合金的塑性。     

Al-5Ti-1B和Al-P中间合金对Al-Si合金的联合变质作用

研究了Al-5Ti-1B和Al-P中间合金对Al-Si活塞合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明，加入0．2％Al-5Ti-1B中间合金能使经Al-P中间合金变质过的ZL109合金的共晶团和初晶硅进一步细化，抗拉强度也明显提高。随着Al-5Ti-1B加入的增加这种细化作用逐渐减小，当Al-5Ti-1B的加入量为2％时甚至使ZL109中的初晶硅变粗，抗拉强度也随之降低。     

Microstructure and refinement performance of Al-Ti-C master alloy: Effect of excess Ti on the growth and nucleating ability of TiC particles

Al-5Ti-0.2C, Al-0.8Ti-0.2C, Al-8Ti-2C, and Al-10Ti master alloys were prepared and used to investigate the influence of excess Ti on the growth of TiC particles and its ability to nucleate Al-grains. The results of a microstructure analysis of TiC-containing alloys and refined CPAl were interrelated to the results of a refinement test. It was found that the presence of excess Ti is essential at the stage of master alloy preparation, as it facilitates the growth and uniform distribution of TiC within the structure. In Al-5Ti-0.2C alloy containing excess Ti, carbide particles grow faster and to a higher extent (from 0.29 μm to 0.44 μm) compared to Al-0.8Ti-0.2C alloy produced without excess Ti (from 0.29 μm to 0.32 μm). The results support the “Ti-transition zone theory” as the mechanism of grain refinement by TiC-containing master alloys. The refinement performance of Al-5Ti-0.2C is superior compared to the one achieved by adding Al-8Ti-2C and Al-10Ti master alloys in corresponding concentrations. For the TiC particles to become favourable nucleating sites, they must undergo certain interaction with excess Ti at the stage of master alloy preparation.     

Al-8Ti-2C对Al-P中间合金变质效果的促进作用

研究了自制Al-P中间合金对共晶及过共晶Al-Si的变质作用，发现该Al-P中间合金对共晶及过共晶Al-Si合金都具有优良的变质效果。同时还发现，当铝合金熔体中加入Al-8Ti-2C中间合金时，Al-P中间合金对两类Al-Si合金的变质效果会增强。当Al-24Si合金中TiC含量为0．03％(以Al-8Ti-2C中间合金方式)时，初晶Si的平均尺寸由原来的47μm细化为41μm，最大尺寸由原来的75μm降为55μm；加入Al-P中间合金和TiC颗粒50min后，就可以出现变质效果，时间再延长，变质效果也不会有更大的提高。当Al-12Si合金中TiC含量为0．03％时，初晶Si的平均尺寸由原来的50μm变为30μm。     

Al-5Ti-1B对AZ31合金组织与性能的影响

研究了Al-5Ti-1B中间合金不同添加量对AZ31镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在AZ31镁合金中添加Al-5Ti-1B中间合金有利于组织性能的改善。在试验中,添加量控制在0.5%为佳,此时,合金晶粒尺寸达到最小,约为170μm,是AZ31镁合金未添加细化剂时晶粒尺寸的30%,抗拉强度及伸长率分别达到最大。AZ31镁合金组织性能的变化主要与Al-5Ti-1B中间合金中的游离Ti和TiB2有关。     

A novel fading-resistant Al-3Ti-3B grain refiner for Al-Si alloys

Al-Ti-B refiners with excess-Ti perform adequately for wrought aluminum alloys but inefficiently in the case of foundry alloys. The high content of silicon in the latter, which forms silicides with Ti and severely impairs the refining potency of the nuclei, is known to be responsible for the poor performance. Hence, new grain refiners, such as Al-3B and Al-3Ti-3B master alloys with excess-B have been developed with well documented advantages for Al-Si alloys. It is very desirable to involve TiAl₃ particles in the Al-3Ti-3B master alloy to maximize its grain refining efficiency. However, fading phenomenon is a key drawback for application of the TiAl₃-containing refiners in aluminum foundry. In the present work, new Al-3Ti-3B grain refiners, containing TiB₂, AlB₁₂ and TiAl₃ particles were developed with an aim to prolong the acting time after inoculation. The results showed that inoculation of Al-7Si alloy with thus meliorated Al-3Ti-3B grain refiner has produced a fine grain structure which was approximately maintained up to 30 min.     

细化变质处理对铸造Al-7.5Si-4Cu合金力学性能和组织的影响(英文)

研究了单一和复合Al-5Ti-B、RE和Al-10Sr细化变质剂对砂型铸造Al-7.5Si-4Cu合金力学性能、显微组织、细化变质效果及其金属间化合物变化的影响。结果表明:与单一细化变质处理以及铸态相比,经过添加质量分数为0.8%的Al-5Ti-B、0.1%的RE和0.1%的Al-10Sr细化变质剂复合细化变质处理后铸造Al-7.5Si-4Cu合金的力学性能和显微组织都得到了显著改善。对于单一细化变质处理,加入0.8%的Al-5Ti-B中间合金后,合金的抗拉强度和布氏硬度得到大幅度提高,并且细化了α(Al)相。加入0.1%的RE中间合金后,合金的伸长率得到了最大程度的提高。这是因为RE的加入使铝合金熔液而得到净化,同时改变了金属间化合物的形状。而加入0.1%的Al-10Sr变质剂后,合金的屈服强度得到改善,但其他性能的改善有限。Al-10Sr变质剂对共晶硅具有较强的变质作用,但使得铝合金熔体含气量增加并形成严重的柱状晶组织。利用硅相的平均面积和长宽比描述细化变质效果得到的结论与力学性能和组织分析的结果相同。     

Al-5Ti-1B对Al-Si合金磷变质行为影响机理的研究

研究了熔炼条件及Al-5Ti-1B中间合金加入量对P变质ZL109合金凝固组织的影响，并着重对其影响机理进行了探讨。结果发现在中频感应炉熔炼条件下，加入适量Al-5Ti-1B对初晶硅有明显的细化作用，而在静置炉（电阻炉）熔炼条件下，这种作用却不明显；同时发现，无论是在电阻炉还是感应炉熔炼条件下，加入过量的Al-5Ti-1B都会使合金中的初晶硅粗化。EPMA分析发现，加入Al-5Ti-1B后合金的初晶硅中心有Ti元素富集。分析认为Al-5Ti-1B中的TiB：粒子对AlP质点具有吸附作用，从而对Al-P中间合金的变质效果产生影响。     

Effects of strontium and boron interactions in Al-7Si alloys

Effects of boron and strontium combined treatment on the microstructure of hypoeutectic Al-7Si alloy have been studied.Experimental results show that strontium has no significant effect on the grain refinement efficiency of boron and the eutectic silicon modification efficiency is not only related to the strontium content but also related to the boron content in the Al-7Si alloy melt.There is a negative interaction between boron and strontium that results in the formation of a strontium-boron-aluminum containing compound,which reduces the effective strontium level and decreases the eutectic silicon modification efficiency substantially.The refinement and modification mechanisms remain unchanged after the combined addition of strontium and boron,Based on the experimental results,a model for assessing the modification level in the Al-Si alloy melts after combined addition of boron and strontium was presented.     

Microstructural Evolution and Grain Refining Efficiency of Al-10Ti Master Alloy Improved by Copper Mold Die Casting

The microstructural evolution and grain refining efficiency of sub-rapidly solidified (SRS) Al-10Ti master alloy has been studied. The results show that the mean size of Al₃Ti particles in the SRS Al-10Ti master alloy decreased significantly and the morphology changed from strip-like to blocky and short rod-like compared with the conventional Al-10Ti master alloy. Grain refining experiments show that the SRS Al-10Ti master alloy is more effective than the conventional master alloy for refining Al-7Si alloy. The conversion rate of columnar to fine equiaxed grain structure in the Al-7Si alloy was promoted by the addition of SRS master alloy, and the microhardness of Al-7Si alloy increased. The mechanisms of grain refinement of aluminum by inoculation with improved Al-10Ti master alloy are discussed based on the solute theory. The decrease in size, increase in quantity, and change in morphology of Al₃Ti particles are considered as the reasons for the improvement of microstructure and microhardness.     

电磁搅拌与变质复合作用对Al-20Si合金初生硅相的影响

使用电磁搅拌、变质处理及其复合工艺分别成功制备了过共晶Al-20Si半固态浆料，研究了电磁搅拌和变质的复合作用对过共晶Al-20Si合金中初生Si长大和形貌的影响。研究结果表明：复合作用可以获得比单种变质处理和电磁搅拌的过共晶Al-20Si合金更加细小、更加圆整的初生Si组织。复合作用获得的初生硅比单一处理尺寸平均减小25．19％，圆整度平均提高8．40％。而且共晶Si组织也得到球化。复合作用细化组织的机理为：变质后施加旋转磁场，促进了变质剂的扩散，更多的初生Si与共晶Si组织相互打碎，深化了变质和电磁搅拌效果，细化显微组织。     

Effects of Al-10Sr master alloys on grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy

The effects of Al-10Sr master alloys on grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated, and the refinement efficiency of different Al-10Sr master alloys （commercial, solubilized, rolled and remelted＋rapidly cooled） was compared and analyzed. The results indicate that the morphology and size of Al4Sr phases in the microstructures of different Al-10Sr master alloys, are of great difference. For the commercial Al-10Sr master alloy, the Al4Sr phases evolve from coarse block shape to relatively fine block shape after being dissolved at 500 ℃ for 4 h and followed by water quenching; but after being rolled at 300 ℃ for 50% reduction or remelted and followed by rapid cooling, the Al4Sr phases mainly exhibit fine granule and fibre shapes. In addition, the different Al-10Sr master alloys can effectively reduce the grain size of AZ31 magnesium alloy, but their refinement efficiency is different. The refinement efficiency of the Al-10Sr master alloy obtained by remelting and rapid cooling is the best, then the rolled, solubilized and commercial Al-10Sr master alloys are in turn. The difference of refinement efficiency for different Al-10Sr master alloys may be related to the dissolution rates of Al4Sr phases with different morphologies and sizes in the melt of AZ31 magnesium alloy.     

United modification of Al-24Si alloy by Al-P and Al-Ti-C master alloys

The modification effect of a new type of Al-P master alloy on Al-24Si alloys was investigated.It is found that excellent modification effect can be obtained by the addition of this new type of Al-P master alloy into Al-24Si melt and the average primary Si grain size is decreased below 47μm from original 225μm.It is also found that the TiC particles in the melt coming from A18Ti2C can improve the modification ffect of the Al-P master alloy.When the content of TiC particles in the Al-24Si melt is 0.03%.the improvement reaches the maximum and keeps steady with increasing content of TiC particles.Modification effect occurs at 50 min after addition of the Al-P master alloy and TiC particles,and keeps stable with prolonging holding time.     

不同加钛方法对6063合金细化的研究

加钛方式不同，钛含量不同，对铝及其合金的晶粒细化效果不同。对比研究了用电解低钛铝合金、加Al—5Ti中间合金、Al—5Ti—1B中间合金及电解低钛铝合金加Al—B中间合金4种加钛方式及不同钛含量对6063合金的晶粒细化效果。研究结果表明：不同的加钛方式对6063合金均有明显的细化效果，随着钛含量增加，晶粒逐渐变细；钛含量相同时，电解加钛的细化效果优于Al—5Ti中间合金的细化效果；当合金中含有硼时，钛含量相同时，电解加钛加Al—B中间合金的细化效果优于加Al—5Ti—1B的细化效果。     

Effects of Si Content and the Addition Amount of Al-3B Master Alloy on the Solidification Structures of Hypoeutectic Al-Si Alloys

Al-Si based cast alloys have become morewidely used in atomobile and aerospace indus-try due to their excellent proPerties, such as highstrength to density ratios, high castability andmachinability and much attention has been fo-cused on this area. Since the discovery [l1 thatAl-4B master alloy could be used to refine A356alloy effectively this phenomenon has arousedmuch attenton and discussion among many in-vestigators [2--13]. Wth resPect to the role thatAl-B tyPe master alloy has played …     

An Al-12Si/ZnS powder inoculant for eutectic silicon in Al-12Si alloy

To obtain high-performance Al-Si-based cast alloys,refinement and modification of Si phases are required.An Al-12Si/ZnS powder inoculant was designed and fabricated using a chemical bath deposition method.The efficiency of the inoculant for modifying the eutectic Si phase in as-cast Al-12Si alloy was studied.Results show that Al-12Si/ZnS powder can significantly refine the eutectic Si in Al-Si cast alloys.The best refinement effect for eutectic Si is achieved with 17.5wt.%Al-12Si/ZnS powder.Coarse long needle-shaped eutectic Si with a length of 18μm was modified into approximately spherical shape with a diameter of 6.53μm,which is evenly distributed throughout the alloy.The E2EM model calculation indicates that the inter-plane misfit(F_p)and inter-atomic spacing misfit(F_r)between ZnS and Si are all less than 0.5%,which confirms that ZnS is a potential nucleation site for Si phase.The hardness,tensile strength,and elongation of Al-12Si alloys modified with 17.5%Al-12Si/ZnS powder increase 6.30%,16.18%and 55.45%,respectively,compared to the unmodified Al-12Si alloy.The fracture behavior of the alloy with 17.5wt.%Al-12Si/ZnS powder is dominated by transgranular fracture supplemented by intergranular fracture.     

Grain refinement of Al-3.5FeNb-1.5C master alloy on pure Al and Al-9.8Si-3.4Cu alloy

The refinement potential of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy on pure aluminium and Al-9.8 Si-3.4 Cu alloy has been investigated. Different amounts of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy were added to estimate the optimal addition level. It was found that the addition of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C grain refiner can promote significantly the refinement of grains in the pure aluminium, particularly at 0.1 wt.%, with the mean primary aluminium α-grain size reducing to 187±3 μm from about 1-3 mm. Similarly, the microstructural study of the Al-9.8 Si-3.4 Cu alloy die casting at different weight percentages(viz. 0.0 wt.%, 0.1 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%) of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy shows that the Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy as a grain refiner is also acceptable for Al-Si cast alloys when the silicon content is more than 4 wt.%. As a result of inoculation with Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy, the average grain size of α-Al is reduced to 22±3 μm from about 71±3 μm and grain refining efficiency is not characterized by any visible poisoning effect, which is the major limitation in the grain refinement of Al-Si cast alloys by applying Al-Ti-B ternary master alloys. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are significantly improved by 9.6% and 9.7%, respectively.     

中间合金对A356.2合金细化的效果

采用铝业协会制订的TP-1型标准测试法,对Al-10RE、Al-5Ti-1B、Al-5Ti-1B-10RE等中间合金对A356.2合金的细化效果进行评价,以优化铝合金轮毂制造过程中合金熔体细化处理工艺。结果表明, Al-5Ti-1B-10RE中间合金中的RE不仅可以有效抑制晶粒尺寸的衰退,而且在一定程度上改善Ti、B、Sr对A356.2合金显微组织的细化和变质效果;TP-1型晶粒度检测法是一种简单、直观、准确的中间合金细化效果在线评价方法。