涂层材料与几何尺寸对等离子喷涂残余应力的影响

在等离子喷涂过程中,由于基体与涂层的热膨胀系数的不匹配,在它们共同冷却的过程中,产生了不同的热变形。本文采用有限元瞬态热分析方法对等离子喷涂过程的温度场进行了分析。在此基础上,进一步计算了常用的Al2O3涂层与16MnR基体组成的喷涂系统的残余应力分布,并对计算结果进行了讨论。然后,针对不同的涂层尺寸、不同涂层材料(a相Al2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2、Al2O3-ZrO3)进行了残余应力计算,对涂层与基体内部的应力进行了分析,并且比较了不同的涂层尺寸以及材料性能对应力状态及分布的影响,对实际喷涂工艺有一定的指导意义。     

轴向送粉等离子喷涂制备TiB2/Al2O3复合陶瓷涂层

将Al2O3-30%(质量分数,下同)TiB2的复合粉与10%粒度为80～200 nm的Al2O3粉混合,喷雾干燥造粒制备成热喷涂喂料,采用三阴极轴向送粉等离子喷涂系统(Axial-Ⅲ)喷涂沉积TiB2/Al2O2涂层.用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪分析涂层物相组成、微观形貌,测试涂层表面显微硬度和Rockwell硬度.结果表明:涂层由α-Al2O3,γ-Al2O3,TiB2和少量TiO2组成;TiB2在涂层中主要以颗粒状形态存在.显微硬度为16.68 GPa;涂层表面Rockwell硬度平均值达52.9.     

NiCrAlY含量对NiCrAlY/Al2O3涂层机械性能及介电性能的影响

采用大气等离子喷涂技术,以镍基合金(NiCrAlY合金)粉为吸收剂、氧化铝(Al2O3)为基体,制备出NiCrAlY/Al2O3(NA)复合涂层.分析了复合涂层的相组成及显微结构,研究了 NiCrAlY含量变化对复合涂层的机械性能及介电性能的影响.结果表明:喷涂后的涂层中出现了刚玉、铬刚玉等非金属相及唯一的金属相Ni.随着NiCrAlY含量的增加,复合涂层的抗弯强度、断裂韧性逐渐增强;在8.2～12.4 GHz频率范围内,涂层的介电常数实部与虚部值都随着NiCrAlY含量的变化而明显变化,且在NiCrAlY含量为25％时达到最高值,这主要与喷涂过程中分离出金属Ni的含量、冷却后的形状及分布状态有关.     

纳米Al2O3–ZrO2涂层的制备与微观结构

用Al（NO3）3.9H2O、ZrOCl2.8H2O及NH4OH作为原料,采用溶胶–凝胶工艺制备出Al2O3–40%（质量分数）ZrO2纳米复合粉体。并以此粉体为原料,用等离子喷涂工艺在不锈钢基体上制备了Al2O3–40%ZrO2纳米涂层。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜及高分辨透射电子显微镜分析粉体及涂层的物相及微观结...     

等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的研究

研究等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的抗热震性能,分析并计算等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层和AlAl2O3涂层中的残余应力,得出了两种涂层的应力分布,测试了TiO2含量对Al2O3陶瓷涂层性能的影响,检验了影响涂层质量的工艺参数.     

等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-TiO2陶瓷涂层研究综述

本文从纳米结构喂料制备、纳米Al2O3-TiO2涂层结构特征及其形成机制、喷涂工艺及在线控制、纳米Al2O3-TiO2涂层性能4个方面论述了等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-TiO2涂层的研究进展。在此基础上,对等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-TiO2涂层的前景进行了展望。     

高温球阀喷涂Al2O3-TiO2和WC-Co涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能

采用激光等离子喷涂技术在已失效的高温球阀基体材料上制备Al2O3-TiO2与WC-Co金属陶瓷涂层,在摩擦磨损试验机上对涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能进行研究,利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜对涂层的显微组织结构、磨损表面及其相组进行分析,并采用维氏显微硬度计、WE-50型液压拉伸验机和箱式电热炉对涂层的显微硬度、结合强度及抗热震性进行测试.结果表明,Al2O3-TiO2金属陶瓷涂层的综合性能最好,可以用于失效高温球阀的再制造.     

Microstructure and Thermal Shock Resistance of Cr2O3 Ceramic Coatings Deposited by Supersonic Atmosphere Plasma Spraying

为了研制一种新型连铸结晶器材料,采用高效能超音速等离子喷涂技术在纯铜基体上制备了 Cr2O3陶瓷涂层。使用 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、图形软件、彩色 3D 激光显微镜和显微硬度计对涂层进行了表征及分析,分别在 450 ℃和 600 ℃对涂层进行了热震试验。结果表明,涂层继承了起始粉末的物相,但是 Cr2O3的结晶度有所差异;陶瓷涂层表面为良好熔化区和部分熔融颗粒组成的双态组织,涂层断口形貌为典型的片层状组织,涂层截面可见均匀分布的富铬带。涂层孔隙率为 1.2%,表面粗糙度为 4.763 μm,Vickers 显微硬度为 1 628 MPa。试样在 450 ℃和 600 ℃分别经历了均值为 127.4 和 58.6 次热震循环后,其半球顶端出现大面积剥落,但圆柱主体部分完好,表明 Cr2O3陶瓷涂层具备良好的抗热疲劳性能,超音速等离子喷涂适合于结晶器铜板表面涂层的制备。     

超音速等离子喷涂制备Cr_2O_3涂层的显微组织及抗热震性能(英文)

为了研制一种新型连铸结晶器材料,采用高效能超音速等离子喷涂技术在纯铜基体上制备了Cr2O3陶瓷涂层。使用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、图形软件、彩色3D激光显微镜和显微硬度计对涂层进行了表征及分析,分别在450℃和600℃对涂层进行了热震试验。结果表明,涂层继承了起始粉末的物相,但是Cr2O3的结晶度有所差异;陶瓷涂层表面为良好熔化区和部分熔融颗粒组成的双态组织,涂层断口形貌为典型的片层状组织,涂层截面可见均匀分布的富铬带。涂层孔隙率为1.2%,表面粗糙度为4.763μm,Vickers显微硬度为1 628 MPa。试样在450℃和600℃分别经历了均值为127.4和58.6次热震循环后,其半球顶端出现大面积剥落,但圆柱主体部分完好,表明Cr2O3陶瓷涂层具备良好的抗热疲劳性能,超音速等离子喷涂适合于结晶器铜板表面涂层的制备。     

等离子喷涂制备TiC＋（A12O3／TiC）＋A12O3自愈合涂层

采用大气等离子喷涂方法在马氏体钢基体上制备TiC＋（Al2O3/TiC）＋Al2O3复合涂层。对涂层的抗热冲击性能、热氧化处理前后截面形貌及成分进行了分析,利用电化学方法测量涂层的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,这种复合涂层在高温下具有良好的自愈合能力及抗热冲击性能,涂层样品在800、700、600℃和500℃下的抗热冲击次数分别达到了157、125、95次和83次;在600℃经过30 h热氧化处理之后,涂层的耐腐蚀性能提高了近1个数量级,孔隙率下降了90%以上。能谱分析表明,涂层中TiC在高温下的氧化产物填充并愈合了涂层中的裂纹与孔隙,起到了自愈合的作用     

Microstructure and properties of niobium carbide composite coatings prepared by plasma spraying

Niobium carbide composite coatings were prepared on titanium alloy surface by plasma spraying NbC–Al₂O₃, Nb–SiC and Nb–SiC–Al composite powders, respectively. The phase composition, microstructure and formation mechanism of the three composite coatings were analyzed and their microhardness, toughness and scratch resistance were compared. The phases of the NbC–Al₂O₃ system did not change during the plasma spraying process, and new phases (Nb₂C, NbC and Nb₃Si) were formed in the Nb–SiC and Nb–SiC–Al systems. TEM results of the Nb–SiC composite coating indicate that the new phases nanocrystalline Nb₂C, submicron NbC and nanocrystalline Nb₃Si were formed during the plasma spraying process. Compared with the NbC–Al₂O₃ composite coating, the microstructure of the Nb–SiC and the Nb–SiC–Al composite coatings were uniform, and the porosity were relatively low, and the hardness was higher. The Nb–SiC–Al composite coating was denser than the Nb–SiC composite coating, the lamellar structure was obvious and the number of pores in the coating was the least, which is attributed to the better molten state of the composite powder by the addition of the Al to the Nb–SiC system. The Nb–SiC–Al composite coating had better toughness and scratch resistance.     

Al2O3-CoCrAlY 复合陶瓷激光熔覆层的组织与性能

研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＣｏＣｒＡｌＹ复合陶瓷涂层的组织结构、成分分布及其耐磨性能。结果表明：等离子喷涂层的组织呈层片状,面层由α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和少量的γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３组成,层间为机械结合界面,涂层平均硬度为８９７ＨＶ０．２。经激光重熔后的组织为单一的α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３柱状晶,在ＣｏＣｒＡｌＹ与基体间有界面相形成,其界面为冶金结合,层间存在着平缓的成分过渡;Ａｌ２Ｏ３与ＣｏＣｒＡｌＹ间的界面结合状况得到了明显的     

铝元素对锌镀层耐蚀性的影响

研究了用复合电沉积法制备的锌铝镀层在微酸性腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性。试验结果证明,氢氧化铝也能改善镀层的耐蚀性,但不如铝粉的作用显著。EPMA和ICP显示含氢氧化铝和含铝粉镀层中的铝呈均匀分布状态,但前者铝的含量为50ppm,后者为0.15wt％。x-射线衍射法揭示溶液中的氢氧化铝能使镀层的结晶细致,晶面择优取向程度增加。当镀液中含有铝粉时,所得镀层的结晶晶面的择优程度更大,结构则成为层状的。因此,氢氧化铝和铝粉是通过提高镀层的晶面择优取向程度,从而改善了其耐蚀性能。     

金属基表面Al2O3-SiO2涂层耐腐蚀性能的研究

由溶胶完全混合后再制备的Al2O3-SiO2复合涂层在碱性、酸性介质中都表现出更好的耐腐蚀性.     

Effects of tailored nitriding layers on comprehensive properties of duplex plasma-treated AlTiN coatings

Duplex-treated AlTiN coatings were deposited by advanced plasma assisted arc (APA-Arc) technology on pre-plasma nitrided AISI-H13 steel substrates using different N₂/H₂ flow ratios. The microstructures and properties of the AlTiN coatings were comprehensively characterized and analyzed. The results show that the N₂/H₂ flow ratios can tailor the thickness of compound layer during plasma nitriding process and the bright nitriding layer without compound layer is achieved. The properties of duplex-treated AlTiN coatings are well improved compared with monolayer AlTiN coating. The adhesion of the AlTiN coating is well enhanced by duplex treatment process, and adhesion grade increases from HF3-4 for monolayer AlTiN coating to HF1 for composite coatings. Moreover, the composite coatings with various thickness compound layers show different load-bearing capacities, and the interfacial adhesion force of the composite coating without compound layer reaches 61 N. The hardness of AlTiN coating is also enhanced by duplex treatment with the highest hardness of 2935 HV_0.05. Meanwhile, tribological properties of AlTiN coatings are also slightly improved by duplex treatments.     

Influence of Al content and post-annealing on synthesis and mechanical properties of plasma sprayed Cr–Al–C composite coatings

Due to ultra-high temperature and short reaction time, it was very challenging to produce high purity MAX phase by plasma spraying. In this study, Cr–Al-graphite agglomerated powders with different Al additions (x = 0.2–1.5) was used to prepare Cr–Al–C composite coatings by atmospheric plasma spraying followed with annealing. Results showed that the as-sprayed coatings displayed typical lamellar structure, mainly composed of Cr–C binary carbides (Cr₇C₃ and Cr₂₃C₆) and residual Al. After annealing at 700 °C, the newly formed Cr₂AlC phase increased significantly in the coatings. The higher addition of Al, the more Cr₂AlC phase formed after annealing. The enhanced atomic diffusion, sufficient Al source and existence of (Cr, Al)C_x contributed to the formation of Cr₂AlC under annealing. Annealing treatment improved the hardness of the coating, but with the increase of Cr₂AlC phase content, the hardness decreased slightly. The Al content and post-annealing had a synergistic effect on the formation of Cr₂AlC phase in the sprayed coatings. This provided an effective route to control the Cr₂AlC content in sprayed Cr–Al–C composite coatings.     

Synthesis and characterization of MAX phase Cr2AlC based composite coatings by plasma spraying and post annealing

In this work, a simple two-step method was developed to produce thick Cr₂AlC based coatings. Firstly, atmosphere plasma spraying was employed to deposit Cr-A-C coatings with Cr/Al/graphite mixtures. Then Ar-annealing treatment was conducted on as-sprayed coatings to in situ achieve Cr₂AlC. Microstructure evolution and mechanical performance of composite coatings was investigated. The as-sprayed coating exhibited a lamellar feature with mainly Cr₇C₃ and residual Al. With increasing temperature, the residual Al decreased and the newly formed Cr₂AlC phase increased. Especially, high temperature annealing (>700 °C) led to remarkable increasing amount of Cr₂AlC phase due to the enhanced atom diffusion. The annealing treatment enhanced both of hardness and fracture toughness of coatings due to the formation of Cr₂AlC. However, the increasing amount of Cr₂AlC phase resulted in slight decrease of hardness. Thus, the content of Cr₂AlC phase played a significant role in mechanical performance of composite coatings, which was adjusted by post-annealing.     

金属表面Ni/Al-13wt%TiO2/Al2O3梯度复合陶瓷涂层的腐蚀行为

为了解决陶瓷涂层中的通孔问题，把复合材料与梯度材料的主应用到陶瓷涂层，采用等离子喷涂技术在Q235钢表面形成Ni/Al-13wt％TiO2/Al2O3梯度复合陶瓷涂层，对其在沸腾的5％HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明，Ni/Al-13wt%TiO2/Al2O3梯度复合陶瓷涂层中的通孔率较单一层Al2O3陶瓷涂层显著降低，带有该梯度复合陶瓷涂层试样的耐蚀性明显提高，该涂层腐蚀14天仍未出现鼓泡削落现象。     

Laser damage resistance of plasma-sprayed alumina and honeycomb skeleton/alumina composite ceramic coatings

Al₂O₃ and honeycomb skeleton-Al₂O₃ composite coatings on Titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying. A laser ablation experiment on as-sprayed coatings was performed. In this paper, the laser damage resistance, microstructure, phase composition of Al₂O₃ coatings were examined. 3D Dimensional Confocal Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) characterized the laser damage morphology, microstructure, phase composition, and element analysis, respectively. The influence of the honeycomb skeleton on the laser ablation damage on as-sprayed coatings was investigated by a comparative analysis of the laser damage morphology with different laser ablation times and gas flow. The results show that the honeycomb skeleton raises thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. Moreover, a “tower”-like dendrite was generated during the laser irradiation of the composite coating. The honeycomb skeleton refined the structure, suppressed crack propagation, and reduced the influence of gas flow on cracks. Under the same experimental laser ablation parameters, the laser damage area of the honeycomb skeleton-Al₂O₃ composite coating was smaller than that of the Al₂O₃ coating. It was demonstrated that the laser damage resistance of the honeycomb skeleton-Al₂O₃ composite coating was superior to that of the Al₂O₃ coating.     

Effect of MoS2/PTFE coatings on performance of Si3N4/TiC ceramics in dry sliding against WC/Co

To enhance the tribological performance of Si₃N₄/TiC ceramics, MoS₂/PTFE composite coatings were deposited on the ceramic substrate through spraying method. The micrographs and basic properties of the MoS₂/PTFE coated samples were investigated. Dry sliding friction experiments against WC/Co ball were performed with the coated ceramics and traditional ones. These results showed that the composite coatings could significantly reduce the friction coefficient of ceramics, and protect the substrate from adhesion wear. The primary tribological mechanisms of the coated ceramics were abrasive wear, coating spalling and delamination, and the tribological property was transited from slight wear to serious wear with the increase of load because of the lower surface hardness and shear strength. The possible mechanisms for the effects of MoS₂/PTFE composite coatings on the friction performance of ceramics were discussed.