基于机顶盒的数字电视中间件技术介绍

数字电视中间件是电视机顶盒内部,实时操作系统和应用程序之间的软件部分。它是一种为各类应用提供一个完整的应用编程接口的系统软件技术。本文对数字电视中间件技术做了介绍,对目前广电行业的中间件产品的应用进行探讨与分析。     

一种分布式异构环境中语义模式匹配通信研究

在分布式系统中,随着不同标准中间件的不断出现,提供了一种新的计算方式,并实现了组件间的通信.由于Web服务在分布式异构环境中解决了应用程序的整合问题,导致基于互联网的中间件技术得到了迅速发展.因此在基于分布式组件开发的应用系统中有必要建立一个组件间协调处理机制.本文中我们设计了一种基于Web的协调服务,这个服务实现了组件间基于语义模式匹配的通信功能.     

基于NESSUS的NTP协议的通信中间件研究

随着分布式系统技术的快速发展,三层架构的分布式系统是未来发展的主要方向,通信中间件是三层架构的分布式系统不可或缺的一层。通信中间件能扩大分布式系统的规模、支持更多的用户与服务器连接、简化用户与服务器的通信过程、保证客户机与服务器的通信过程更安全和实现跨平台使用。虽然目前存在有比较成熟的ACE和ICE通信中间件等,但是也存在一个问题--开发三层架构分布式系统的设计人员必须了解其繁多的功能和复杂的操作,然而有时候很多功能是不需要的。所以设计一款小型化、高效化的通信中间件对于开发者来说变得尤为重要。国际上一种比较流行的网络漏洞扫描系统NESSUS是一种基于C/S和B/S结构的分布式系统,其客户机和服务器之间的通信是建立在NTP（Nessus Transfer Protocol）传输协议之上的。文章重点研究NESSUS客户机和服务器之间是如何交互通信的,把通信模块封装并提供中间件接口,同时引入消息发送/接收队列缓冲池技术和SSL组件,提出一套小型的、高效的、安全的、跨平台的通信中间件,它也适用于其他客户机/服务器的三层架构的分布式系统。     

分布式对象中间件技术研究

中间件是处于操作系统和应用层之间的一个软件层，由于它可以简化基于分布式系统的开发应用，成为目前软件工程中的热点。在对中间件简单概述基础上，讨论了分布式对象中间件的层次结构和发展现状，最后通过对目前主流分布式对象中间件技术的分析和比较，从4个方面给出了中间件技术的发展趋势，它们是接口的标准化、体系结构的构件化、开放化和可配置化以及使用的简单化。     

应用程序类型对Web应用系统执行效率的影响分析

在Web应用系统的服务器端主要有四种应用程序类型,它们是CGI类型、ISAPI/NSAPI类型、ASP类型和结合中间件MTS类型应用程序。文章在分析了影响分布式应用程序执行效率的几种关键技术的基础上,着重讨论并比较了各类型的应用程序对Web应用系统执行效率影响问题。     

基于安卓系统的北斗中间件设计与实现

针对安卓系统北斗应用程序开发过程需修改安卓源代码的问题,提出一种基于安卓系统北斗无线电测定业务中间件的实现方案,用以提高安卓北斗应用程序的开发效率。北斗应用程序根据提供的中间件接口规范,进行中间件接口函数的调用,从而实现安卓移动设备与北斗卫星相互通信。以安卓北斗SIM卡基本信息中间件开发为例,详细介绍安卓北斗中间件开发流程,并通过安卓应用程序调用设计的北斗SIM卡基本信息中间件接口函数,获取SIM卡北斗相关信息,从而验证安卓北斗中间件设计的有效性。     

基于AOP和反射计算的动态自适应中间件

Internet为分布式应用提供了一种开放,动态的运行环境,为了使作为分布式应用主要基础设施的中间件能够支持运行时监测并调整系统的内部状态、结构和行为,能够根据运行过程中的环境变化对应用程序的属性和行为做相应的调整,结合使用AOP和反射计算技术的优点,并将AspectLua集成到中间件,中间件的应用配置信息用Lua编写,从而使得构造的中间件具有较好的自适应性。     

面向Flash组件集成的通信中间件

针对Flash组件集成应用软件中原生桌面应用程序与Flash组件之间双向通信困难的问题,通过对Flash提供的套接字通信特点的分析,提出了一种面向Flash组件集成的通信中间件的设计与实现方法,为实现原生桌面应用程序与Flash组件间的集成提供了技术保障.实验结果表明,基于该中间件,原生桌面应用程序与Flash组件之间可以进行安全、可靠和高效的数据通信.     

基于中间件的分布式系统开发过程的研究

分布式中间件是实现分布式系统的重要途径。从软件工程角度出发，探讨了基于中间件的分布式系统的开发过程，对其不同于传统软件过程中的设计、测试和维护等部分进行了讨论，分析了分布式系统的三层体系机构。     

基于中间件的可修复分布式系统可靠性分析

中间件是大型分布式系统的核心,可以为系统应用程序提供双机热备、双网冗余服务.针对分布式冗余系统可靠性问题,利用马尔可夫模型对可修复分布式冗余系统进行可靠性分析.按照优先恢复应用程序功能的修复策略,由系统状态转移关系建立系统状态转移图,进而得出了系统可靠度的计算方法.仿真结果表明,应用程序故障对系统可靠性的影响大于网络故障,提高修复优先级较高模块的维修率可有效增加系统的可靠度.     

REED: Flexible rule based programming of wireless sensor networks at runtime

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as an enabling technology for a variety of distributed applications. WSN middleware eases the development of these applications by providing a uniform programming environment. In this paper we present a rule based approach called REED (Rule Execution and Event Distribution) and describe how it supports flexible programming of WSNs at runtime. Indeed REED is required by the nature of its project setting to allow runtime programming. We demonstrate that by combining this runtime programmability with rules in an event, condition, action format we can support a range of paradigms, including Publish-subscribe and data aggregation algorithms. Current WSN middleware solutions have limited on-line programmability support so the applications cannot re-configure their WSNs while operational. Yet the runtime nature of the prototype requires both the distribution of rules and the events that trigger them so we also describe the rule management approach used to support the rule distribution; in particular a novel rule merging and filtering algorithm is described. The paper reports on the results gained from a REED prototype system constructed in our laboratory using Gumstix.     

无线传感器网络主动QoS机制研究

无线传感器网络是目前国际上的一个研究热点,但是对其Q oS问题和中间件的研究却才刚刚开始。在分析无线传感器网络基本问题的基础上,提出了一种基于中间件的,面向应用、状态和角色的无线传感器网络主动QoS方案,并对其设计思想、结构形式、工作过程、信息交互和状态评价等关键问题进行了研究。同传统QoS机制相比,主动QoS方案设计了一个应用和网络之间的反馈协商机制,并通过对应用和网络的动态调节,使网络满足应用对QoS的最低要求,或者在降低应用对QoS要求的情况下,使网络最大限度地支持应用,从而更好地保证了应用的完成并延长了网络生命期。     

The optimal generalized Byzantine Agreement in Cluster-based Wireless Sensor Networks

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensor nodes in a wide range of applications in various domains. In the future, WSNs are expected to be integrated into the “Internet of Things” (IoT), where sensor nodes join the Internet dynamically, and use them to collaborate and accomplish their tasks. Because of the communications of WSN will produce a broadcast storm, the Cluster-based Wireless Sensor Network (CWSN) was proposed to ameliorate the broadcast storm. However, the capability of the fault-tolerance and reliability of CWSNs must be carefully investigated and analyzed. To cope with the influence of faulty components, reaching a common agreement in the presence of faults before performing certain tasks is essential. Byzantine Agreement (BA) problem is a fundamental problem in fault-tolerant distributed systems. To enhance fault-tolerance and reliability of CWSN, the BA problem in CWSN is revisited in this paper. In this paper, a new BA protocol is proposed that adapts to the CWSN and derives its limit of allowable faulty components, while maintaining the minimum number of message exchanges.     

一种面向服务的WSN与网格的集成方法研究

按面向服务的思想组建无线传感器网络WSN系统,透过规范统一的服务接口与网格互联是WSN与网格集成的一种参照现有SOA架构的直观方式。本文给出了面向服务的WSN解构和WSN服务组合和扩展的形式化定义和验证方法,并提出一个包含接口转换和服务中间件的集成方案。面向服务的WSN与网格集成,不仅能以一个友好接口与网格协同工作,而且能灵活地保证WSN在网格中的服务质量。     

Efficient allocation of resources in multiple heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are useful for a wide range of applications, from different domains. Recently, new features and design trends have emerged in the WSN field, making those networks appealing not only to the scientific community but also to the industry. One such trend is the running different applications on heterogeneous sensor nodes deployed in multiple WSNs in order to better exploit the expensive physical network infrastructure. Another trend deals with the capability of accessing sensor generated data from the Web, fitting WSNs in novel paradigms of Internet of Things (IoT) and Web of Things (WoT). Using well-known and broadly accepted Web standards and protocols enables the interoperation of heterogeneous WSNs and the integration of their data with other Web resources, in order to provide the final user with value-added information and applications. Such emergent scenarios where multiple networks and applications interoperate to meet high level requirements of the user will pose several changes in the design and execution of WSN systems. One of these challenges regards the fact that applications will probably compete for the resources offered by the underlying sensor nodes through the Web. Thus, it is crucial to design mechanisms that effectively and dynamically coordinate the sharing of the available resources to optimize resource utilization while meeting application requirements. However, it is likely that Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of different applications cannot be simultaneously met, while efficiently sharing the scarce networks resources, thus bringing the need of managing an inherent tradeoff. In this paper, we argue that a middleware platform is required to manage heterogeneous WSNs and efficiently share their resources while satisfying user needs in the emergent scenarios of WoT. Such middleware should provide several services to control running application as well as to distribute and coordinate nodes in the execution of submitted sensing tasks in an energy-efficient and QoS-enabled way. As part of the middleware provided services we present the Resource Allocation in Heterogeneous WSNs (SACHSEN) algorithm. SACHSEN is a new resource allocation heuristic for systems composed of heterogeneous WSNs that effectively deals with the tradeoff between possibly conflicting QoS requirements and exploits heterogeneity of multiple WSNs.     

一种采用分簇的无线传感器网络中间件

无线传感器网络(WSN)已经开发应用于多种领域,然而WSN应用编程仍是一项困难且容易出错的工作.为了便于应用开发和提供通用服务,提出一种适应WSN特点的中间件TinyWare,它使用发布/订阅的方式实现异步通信,根据用户订阅的主题监测环境,并在事件产生后主动发布消息;采用基于分簇机制的消息通信模型,簇内节点根据不同角色和策略对数据进行网络内处理.TinyWare降低能量消耗,提高系统的自适应能力,可扩展性和鲁棒性.为了验证这一中间件,本文实现了一个环境监测应用实例.     

SENFIS: a Sensor Node File System for increasing the scalability and reliability of Wireless Sensor Networks applications

In the last years the Wireless Sensor Networks’ (WSN) technology has been increasingly employed in various application domains. The extensive use of WSN posed new challenges in terms of both scalability and reliability. This paper proposes Sensor Node File System (SENFIS), a novel file system for sensor nodes, which addresses both scalability and reliability concerns. SENFIS can be mainly used in two broad scenarios. First, it can transparently be employed as a permanent storage for distributed TinyDB queries, in order to increase the reliability and scalability. Second, it can be directly used by a WSN application for permanent storage of data on the WSN nodes. The experimental section shows that SENFIS implementation makes an efficient use of resources in terms of energy consumption, memory footprint, flash wear levelling, while achieving execution times similarly with existing WSN file systems.     

Use of ebRIM-based CSW with sensor observation services for registry and discovery of remote-sensing observations

Recent advances in Sensor Web geospatial data capture, such as high-resolution in satellite imagery and Web-ready data processing and modeling technologies, have led to the generation of large numbers of datasets from real-time or near real-time observations and measurements. Finding which sensor or data complies with criteria such as specific times, locations, and scales has become a bottleneck for Sensor Web-based applications, especially remote-sensing observations. In this paper, an architecture for use of the integration Sensor Observation Service (SOS) with the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Catalogue Service-Web profile (CSW) is put forward. The architecture consists of a distributed geospatial sensor observation service, a geospatial catalogue service based on the ebXML Registry Information Model (ebRIM), SOS search and registry middleware, and a geospatial sensor portal. The SOS search and registry middleware finds the potential SOS, generating data granule information and inserting the records into CSW. The contents and sequence of the services, the available observations, and the metadata of the observations registry are described. A prototype system is designed and implemented using the service middleware technology and a standard interface and protocol. The feasibility and the response time of registry and retrieval of observations are evaluated using a realistic Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) SOS scenario. Extracting information from SOS requires the same execution time as record generation for CSW. The average data retrieval response time in SOS+CSW mode is 17.6% of that of the SOS-alone mode. The proposed architecture has the more advantages of SOS search and observation data retrieval than the existing sensor Web enabled systems.     

CrimeSPOT: A language and runtime for developing active wireless sensor network applications

Advances in wireless sensing and actuation technology allow embedding significant amounts of application logic inside wireless sensor networks. Such active WSN applications are more autonomous, but are significantly more complex to implement. Event-based middleware lends itself to implementing these applications. It offers developers fine-grained control over how an individual node interacts with the other nodes of the network. However, this control comes at the cost of event handlers which lack composability and violate software engineering principles such as separation of concerns. In this paper, we present CrimeSPOT as a domain-specific language for programming WSN applications on top of event-driven middleware. Its node-centric features enable programming a node’s interactions through declarative rules rather than event handlers. Its network-centric features support reusing code within and among WSN applications. Unique to CrimeSPOT is its support for associating application-specific semantics with events that carry sensor readings. These preclude transposing existing approaches that address the shortcomings of event-based middleware to the domain of wireless sensor networks. We provide a comprehensive overview of the language and the implementation of its accompanying runtime. The latter comprises several extensions to the Rete forward chaining algorithm. We evaluate the expressiveness of the language and the overhead of its runtime using small, but representative active WSN applications.     

传感器网络中一种分布式组密钥管理方案

无线传感器网络需要安全组通信的支持,尤其是军事、紧急救灾等场合。然而由于传感器网络自身资源的限制,使得传感器网络的组密钥管理面临巨大的挑战。基于门限秘密共享机制和组密钥分量更新机制提出了一种分布式组密钥管理方案。分析结果表明,该方案具有较高的安全性和较小的网络开销。