A solution to integrate computer-aided design (CAD) and virtual reality (VR) databases in design and manufacturing processes

The use of virtual reality (VR) techniques in industry is subject to very high expectations, as VR has emerged as a popular technology for computer-human interfaces in order to master the shortcomings of CAD systems. 3D CAD models provide a natural way of sharing design information among participants in the production process. VRML is a tool specifically designed for creating 3D virtual worlds on the Web, where these synthetic worlds can give us the ability to visualise objects and navigate the virtual world. This paper describes a system for VRML model visualisation that enables changes in the configuration file, which is written in XML, and that automatically reviews the model including the functional behaviour. From the evaluated VRML model, the connection to a PDM system is provided with a list of elements and their material properties.     

A loop layout design problem for flexible manufacturing systems

The interconnection pattern of the processing modules of a computerized manufacturing system affects its performance. In this article, we discuss a set of requirements that the interconnection network should satisfy. Subsequently, we concentrate on a simple and popular architecture, the loop network. The problem we address is to design the layout of the system so that the number of machines that the part types cross in their manufacturing process is minimized. We formulate the problem mathematically and solve it by a heuristic that obtains consistently better results than an earlier popular method.     

斗轮堆取料机设计制造使用常见问题综述

斗轮堆取料机（以下简称为斗轮机）广泛应用于冶金、港口、电厂等行业．是大宗散装物料连续装卸机械。斗轮机在设计与制造过程中经常会发生一些易被忽视的问题。这往往在安装或使用过程中才被发现。对该问题进行综述。     

制造业可持续供应链网络建模及求解

为将可持续发展纳入制造业供应链决策,利用企业信息资源有效平衡其三重底线,基于绿色供应链CITI指数提出一种对经济效益、环境污染和社会责任进行整体协调,促进三者平衡发展的制造业可持续供应链网络模型,并研究了一种高效的进化求解算法.首先基于经济侧、环境侧和社会侧的八项指标,构建了一个多层次、多产品类型和多能源模式的混合整数线性模型,提出了将多个优化目标进行标准化整合的方法.然后,设计了供应链网络的多叉树结构表征,在此基础上提出了一种自适应多叉森林进化算法,并通过自适应参数调整显著提升了算法的求解精度.最后,基于制造业真实数据进行了大量仿真实验,验证了所提模型和算法的有效性和优越性.实验结果表明,仅升高5％以内的成本,企业即可使碳排放量平均降低17.67％、废气排放量平均降低10.54％、废水排放量平均降低13.05％、固体废物排放量平均降低20.19％.     

基于实例和网络的计算机辅助设计系统

基于中国现阶段的CAD应用现状和网络在设计中的应用，提出了基于实例和网络的计算机辅助设计系统，并分析了该系统的结构和应用。     

计算机辅助尺寸链计算中公差设计的研究

计算机辅助尺寸链计算中一个重点和难点是工序尺寸公差的分配.由于是一个不定解问题,有很多种解决办法.本文在计算机辅助尺寸链计算中融合了多种公差分配算法.重点阐述了改进后的等精度法、基于经济公差分配法和优化分配法,并在优化模型的约束要求中提出了分级约束的概念,使优化过程更合理.文章最后结合实例对算法进行了分析比较,给出了在不同初始条件下,经济合理地分配工序尺寸公差的方法.     

Modeling and representation of a computer-aided conceptual design system

A novel hierarchical function action behavior mechanism (FABM) modeling framework is proposed to conduct intelligent mapping from the overall function to the principle solution, according to the requirements of customers. Based on the hierarchical modeling framework, an object-oriented representation method is developed to express the inheritance and the interconnecting characteristics between any two objects. In addition, the rules of expansion and modification in demand behavior are proposed to solve the combinational explosion problem, and the combinational rules in the mechanism behavior are developed to extend the innovation of the principle solution. A case study on the pan mechanism design for a cooking robot is presented to demonstrate the implementation of intelligent reasoning based on the FABM model.     

虚拟制造技术在水轮机转轮设计制造中的应用

转轮是水轮机中的核心部件，不仅其研制过程非常复杂和周期很长，而且传统基于实物模型试验为主的研制方式成本太高，本文采用虚拟制造的理论和技术，重构传统的水轮机转轮研制过程，采用仿真设计和加工手段，改造传统的设计制造方式，并重点介绍虚拟制造在转轮设计与制造中的应用。     

虚拟制造单元设计与评估

虚拟制造系统可通过多种制造资源的合理配置和布置形成虚拟单元制造系统,在这种系统中可以迅速建立各种虚拟制造单元进行多种产品生产,以适应市场需求的快速变化。对虚拟制造进行的研究主要分为三部分,即为虚拟制造单元的设计、运作和经验研究。虚拟制造未来研究的一个重要方向是:测试用于设计一段时间内虚拟制造单元结构的单元设计方法。引用一种虚拟单元设计方法,设计一定时间内的虚拟单元,并将设计方法用于实际生产运作中。对设计出的虚拟单元,使用GI/G/m排队论进行评估,与原生产系统进行对比,从而比较优劣。     

Multi-agent system for distributed computer-aided process planning problem in e-manufacturing environment

This paper deals with the multi-agent system for distributed computer-aided process planning problem. The proposed architecture consists of three autonomous agents (Global Manager Agent, Design Agent, and Optimization Agent) capable of communicating to each other through eXtensible Markup Language (XML). In contrast to the traditional process planning model, a new paradigm incorporating fixture cost has been conceptualized. Optimization agent is facilitated by the virtues of DNA computing and identifies the optimal/near optimal process plan with the help of available resources. Furthermore, in order to investigate the efficacy of the developed architecture, the manufacturing of a prismatic part having 23 operations has been simulated and solved accordingly. Results obtained reveal the superiority of the proposed architecture.     

模具的异地协同设计与制造

针对传统模具制造中存在的问题 ,结合工厂目前的生产模式 ,阐述如何充分利用现有计算机网络技术、数据库技术、模具设计软件和数控机床 ,来实现模具的异地协同设计与制造。在此基础上提出异地协同设计与制造中五个关键的支持技术     

基于特征和约束的面向制造的设计

面向制造的设计（ＤＦＭ）是并行工程中最重要的研究内容之一。在特征和约束的基础上,提出了一种零件模型的ＤＦＭ方法。零件模型的各种信息用特征描述,然后利用人工智能的技术,建立特征评价专家系统,对每个特征用相应的约束进行检查,以确认其可制造性。     

数字设计、数字制造和数字企业

机遇和挑战 2003年我国人均GDP超过1000美元,走出低收入国家行列,成绩骄人.我国GDP仅占世界的4%,但消耗的原煤占31%、钢铁占27%、水泥占40%,单位产值的能耗和物耗第一,比发达国家高4～12倍.     

Design and manufacturing interface modelling for manufacturing processes selection and knowledge synthesis in design

The research results presented in this paper are related to the specification of a method and models that tackle the problem of manufacturing processes selection and the integration, as soon as possible, of their constraints in the product modelling (i.e. information synthesis). This method is based on a skin and skeleton design/manufacturing interface model that ensures connection between design and manufacturing information. The use of these features is justified by their capacity to make a product representation which allows integration of both design and manufacture data and therefore assists the product breakdown definition (including the 3D forms) by least commitment. This method first analyses the product data issued from functional analysis and component selection (form, roughness, tolerance interval, etc.). Then, it deals with manufacturing information (manufacturing processes constraints). The approach is formalised with IDEF and UML models and has been consolidated with software developments based on C++ and open CASCADE technologies.     

The roles of design for manufacturing and adhesives in solving design challenges

Industry embraces adhesives, sealants and chemical threadlockers because:

多背包问题求解及其在网络化制造中的应用

给出了多背包问题及其数学描述;讨论了网络化制造中的最优制造伙伴选择问题,将其归结为一种复杂的多目标、多选择、多约束背包问题并提出了一种并行多目标妥协遗传算法进行求解;算法采用基于排列的编码方式,由多个种群独立进化并定期交换最佳个体,而适应度计算采用自适应权重方法及基于距离度量的妥协方法,通过基于小生境技术的适应度共享保持种族多样性,最终求得决策者可接受的妥协解.     

敏捷制造环境下装配产品变形设计方法

为了获得满足顾客个性化需求的装配产品设计方案 ,提出了通过修改现有成熟零件的设计的变形设计方法。建立了描述装配产品构成零件之间配合关系的模型并识别出反映装配产品构成零部件之间尺寸关联关系的约束组。每个约束组的变形设计过程被归结为一个混合整数线性规划 (MILP)问题 ,而所有约束组的MILP问题的组合求解过程则反映了装配产品的变形设计优化过程。开发了软件原型系统并进行了仿真 ,仿真结果表明该方法能够在合理的时间内获得新的、可行的装配产品设计方案 ,可以作为装配产品设计方案的生成器 ,以缓解顾客个性化需求对产品设计带来的压力     

灌装瓶模具设计及制造研究

灌装水瓶的形状复杂,有很多不规则图案和花纹,这就对模具设计提出了很大的挑战.本课题选用Pro/E作为软件开发平台,进行吹塑模具设计及制造研究,建立了瓶子的三维实体模型,并进行了模具设计,生成模具组件.对Pro/E造型技术进行了研究,在不规则的沟纹零件造型方面有所突破,研究发现"变截面扫描"最适用于立体的曲线扫描,提出了灌装瓶适用的分形面创建方法为"平整"法和"复制"法,可为外观复杂的灌装水瓶模具设计及制造提供指导.     

Consensual cell searching in cellular manufacturing design

This paper presents an approach to consensual cell formation in cellular manufacturing design. The cell formation is a multi-measurable criteria problem. However, a number of factors limit the possibility of simultaneously considering multiple criteria during the cell formation. During the cellular manufacturing system design, the engineers must know the cells responding individually to each criterion. Thus, for discerning the consensus in multiple-criteria cell formation problem, a formal approach is proposed. The problem of consensus searching is formulated as the problem of searching the best overlap between potential solutions, called conjecture, under some constraints. Two models are proposed. The first model is devoted to the consensus conjecture which satisfies globally the set of measurable criteria. The second model addresses the problem of nucleus recognition. Thus, the problem of consensus searching is an alternative to the multiple-criteria problem optimisation. The results confirm the assumption that the cell formation is a process of searching and evaluating the consensual information.