专利信息摘编

热冲击性能优异的复合轧辊[德国] DE19827861，1999．01．07，T．Kanno，Mitsubishi Materials Co．（日本）本专利的耐冲击复合轧辊由外部和内部等两层组成，外部由烧结碳化钨组成，主要成分为：w（Co）8％-27％，w（Ni）2％。12％，w（Cr0．3％。3．0％。内部为冶金结合的球墨铸铁，其主要成分为：w（C）3％-4．5％，w（Si）1．5％-4．5％，w（Mn）0．1％-2．0％，w（Mg）0．02％。0．2％，余下为Fe，球墨铸铁中还可含有Mo、Cu、Cr、V、W、Sn和Sb等元素。     

强度最高的工模具铝合金HOKOTOL

科鲁斯铝业公司（Corlls）技术研发中心开发出一批工模具厚板铝合金，其中强度最高的是HOKOTOL合金，用于生产轧制及铸造厚板，其成分（质量分数，％）：SiO．30，Fe0．35，Cu1．5～2．6，Mn0．1，Mg1．8-2．6，Cr0．05，Zn5．7～7．6，Ti0．06，Zr0．08～0．25，其他每个0．05、总计0．15，其余为铝。     

铸态QT800-2铸件的生产

介绍了用覆砂铁型工艺生产轮廓尺寸为Ф30×260mm的铸态QT800—2通机曲轴铸件的生产控制方法。选择炉料：废钢为厚度≥3mum的Q235冲压边料，生铁为Q10，球化剂为QRMg8RE3，孕育剂用FeSi75A；球化处理温度在1400-1450℃，加入量1．0％．1．2％，盖包法处理，并控制w（Mg残）／w（RER）〉1；采用二次孕育处理方法，加入量0．8％-1．0％，稳定生产出抗拉强度800．930MPa，伸长率2％．5％的铸态QT800—2铸件。     

快速退火热处理双相纳米晶磁性合金

利用快速退火（RTA）以600℃／min的升温速车到预期温度后，在极短保温时间内完成热处理过程，与传统热处理（CRA）的Nd－Fe－B（Nd＝6～12，B＝3～9）对合金的磁性和微结构作了对比。合金成分分作3组：Fe－Nd2Fe14B两相系统；固定6at％B；固定9.5at％Nd．用单辊快淬法制备样品，辊速万或40m／s．热处理分两组，一组是采用传统热处理，升温速率100℃／min，温度550～800℃，保温2～30min。另一组则采用快速退火热处理．矫顽力和磁化强度随着温度上升而增加，最佳条件为700℃，保温Zmin。超过7Mt，矫顽力随处理温度升高而快速下降．…     

低频脉冲磁场处理Fe78Si9B13非晶合金的微观结构及其磁性

研究了低频脉冲磁场处理对非晶合金Fe78Si9B13微观结构及磁性的影响。用非接触红外测温仪对试样的温升进行测量，用穆斯堡尔谱仪、透射电镜等仪器对样品的组织结构、晶化行为进行分析，利用交变梯度磁强计AGM对样品的磁性进行测试。结果表明，低频脉冲磁场处理（脉冲频率f=10-40Hz，磁场强度H=（100～400）×79．6A／m，处理时间t=-180-1200s）可在温升△T≤7℃的情况下，促进非晶合金Fe78Si9B13发生单相晶化，晶化相为α-Fe（Si），晶粒尺寸为2～10nm，析出量为3％～7％。样品在经过f=40Hz，H=300×79．6A／m，t=300s处理后，获得较好磁性能：Bs=1．74T，H0=0．13×79．6A·m^-1。     

V-Ti-Cr-Fe合金的储氢性能研究

研究了V（30％）-Ti（15％～55％）-Cr（7％～43％）-Fe（2％～18％）（原子分数，下同）四元合金的储氢性能。结果表明：V-Ti-Cr-Fe四元合金的吸氢量与有效吸氢量主要由Ti／（Cr＋Fe）比决定，当Ti／（Cr＋Fe）=1时，合金具有最好的吸放氢性能。随着Ti／（Cr＋Fe）比升高，合金的晶格常数增大，氢化物的生成焓增大，放氢平台压力降低。在298K时，V30Ti35Cr25Fe10合金的吸氢量达到3．6％（质量分数，下同），有效吸氢量达到2．0％。     

W-Cu纳米复合前驱体粉末的机械合金化制备

采用机械合金化（MA）工艺，以W-25％CuO为原料，球磨参数设置为：球料比20：1、球磨转速500r／min，球磨时间范围1-40h，采用球磨20min、空气冷却30min的循环球磨方式。对不同球磨时间条件下制备的粉末进行了x射线衍射和透射电镜分析。结果表明，通过MA工艺可在较短时间内（lh）获得W-Cu纳米晶粉末，球磨时粉体中的CuO发生了还原，部分W被氧化成WOx（x=2～3），球磨后w粉的平均晶粒尺寸为12．5nm左右，最小晶粒5～6nm；W粉颗粒的最终形态为球形，并被Cu所包覆。     

用10t／h冲天炉生产30t大型铸件的熔炼控制

C5240×40立车立柱铸件，铸件重30t，长4m，浇注铁液量34t。用10t／h冲天炉单独熔炼。存在如何保证34t的铁液量和铁液的浇注温度等难点。1生产条件铁液用10t／h两排大间距冷风冲天炉熔炼。10t浇包和20t浇包浇注。PY45型数字温度计和快速热电偶测温。焦炭为镇江铸造焦。技术要求：力学性能：σb≥250MPa190～235HB。金相组织：A型石墨，长度5～6级。基体组织为细片状珠光体，含量大于95％。2工艺参数炉料配比：Z14生铁25％，回炉料30％，废钢45％。化学成分（％）：2．9～3．1C，1．3～1．6Si，0．9～1．1Mn，＜0．12P，＜0．1S，0．4…     

用于薄壁压铸件的铝合金

台湾研制出一种适宜于生产壁厚在0．7～1．2mm的薄壁压铸件的铝合金。主要化学成分w（％）为：78～87Al，10．0～14．0Si，2．5～4．5Cu，0．5～3．5Ni，0～1．0Mn，0～0．5Co，0～0．5Mg，0～0．2Ti，0～3．0Zn，0～0．07Sr。这种铝合金的流动性比常用压铸铝合金高20％，而生产成本可降低15％～209，6。     

低硅烧结矿粘结相强度的影响因素

为了探明低硅烧结矿粘结相强度的影响因素,进行了微型烧结试验和矿物组成及显微结构的检测。研究结果表明,影响粘结相强度的主要因素是SFCA与赤铁矿含量之和、玻璃相含量和烧结矿结构,并得出粘结相强度最高的条件：最高烧结温度为1280℃、碱度为2．8、w（MgO）为1．0％、w（CaF2）为0．8％、w（SiO2）为4．4％及w（Al2O3）／w（SiO2）为0．15。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.