基于电子地图的工地安全监督信息系统建设

利用电子地图作为信息系统的地理空间数据,不仅可以减少系统建设的投入,更能够快速实现基于地理信息技术的管理信息系统建设。     

Data driven models for compressive strength prediction of concrete at high temperatures

The use of data driven models has been shown to be useful for simulating complex engineering processes, when the only information available consists of the data of the process. In this study, four data-driven models, namely multiple linear regression, artificial neural network, adaptive neural fuzzy inference system, and K nearest neighbor models based on collection of 207 laboratory tests, are investigated for compressive strength prediction of concrete at high temperature. In addition for each model, two different sets of input variables are examined: a complete set and a parsimonious set of involved variables. The results obtained are compared with each other and also to the equations of NIST Technical Note standard and demonstrate the suitability of using the data driven models to predict the compressive strength at high temperature. In addition, the results show employing the parsimonious set of input variables is sufficient for the data driven models to make satisfactory results.     

Excel在电线电缆防白蚁性能测试中的应用

击倒法是国标GB2951．38—86电线电缆白蚁试验方法之一。本文介绍利用Excel编制统计分析的程序,科研人员只需要输入实验组数、击倒时间、试虫总数和击倒数,即可快速、准确得出KT50、KT95、线性回归方程和相关系数等计算结果,并可进行显著性检验并绘制出毒力曲线。该程序操作简便,数据精确,便于推广。     

界址点数据录入建设用地电子报盘系统开发应用

阐述了在勘测定界测量中,为提高报件质量和报征效率,将项目征地相关数据录入建设用地电子报盘系统,利用AutoLISP语言进行二次开发,编制应用程序,将界址点数据自动录入建设用地电子报盘系统的过程,既确保了界址点数据的唯一性,又提高了工作效率.     

一种更安全的漏电保护技术

传统漏电保护器只能在输入电源线路运行正常的情况下工作,如果出现N线断线而同时相线带电,将失去保护作用。介绍一种更安全的漏电保护技术。该漏电保护技术是在现行漏电断路器中引入门电路,使其在输入电路出现N线断线和缺相故障的情况下均能起到保护作用。     

Graphic Interactive Input System for High-Rise Building Structures in CAD

Abstract: A graphic interactive input system developed for use in computer-aided design (CAD) of high-rise building structures is presented. In this system, the primitive information is input to computer through graphic display. The input object appears on the screen as an image and is directly visible. With the interactive operation, the designer can carry out the input rapidly and efficiently by moving the cursor on the screen, and the graph that represents the information about the structure can be modified easily.
Using multicolor graphics, animated cartoons, multiple windows, and multiple-level menus, autogeneration and autonumbering of the members are performed, and the geometric and loading information can be input conveniently.
In this paper, some basic conceptions and algorithms of graphic input and screen data collection are described.     

The Impact of Measurement Uncertainty on the Water Balance

The 'water-balance calculation'is a valuable method of assessing the integrity of many components of a company's distribution system and is used in (a) evaluating the overall performance of the system and (b) assessing, for example, leakage within distribution zones or district metered areas. However, the quality of data which are derived from balance calculations reflects the quality of the input data, and each input source (whether metered or estimated) is subject to uncertainty.
This paper explores the impact of input uncertainty on the water-balance calculation, and uses Anglian Water's annual balance as an example. The principal contributors to overall uncertainty are identified, and these show that the overall uncertainty depends upon only a few of the many inputs. Identifying these critical inputs has enabled Anglian Water staff to target the areas of their auditing chains that will yield greatest benefit to the reporting process.     

基于VC语言开发高压燃气管网动态模拟计算程序

管网中燃气流动的动态模拟程序对管网设计、管理和调峰有着重要的作用,使用VC语言可以较快地开发出面向图形的数据库应用程序,较好解决原始数据的输入、修改等问题。介绍了应用VC语言开发燃气高压管网模拟分析程序的过程和方法。该实用程序包含数据管理系统和基于特征线法的动态模拟计算系统,实际应用表明具有很好的适应性、稳定性、收敛性。     

Statistical Regularization for Identification of Structural Parameters and External Loadings Using State Space Models

A novel numerical approach is presented, in the time domain, to simultaneously identify structural parameters and unmeasured input loadings using incomplete output measurement only. The identification problem is formulated as an optimization process, wherein the objective function is defined as the discrepancy between the measured and the predicted data, and is solved by a damped Gauss‐Newton method. Because the proposed algorithm is a time domain technique, forward analyses are required to obtain predicted system responses so as to compute the discrepancy. Therefore, we propose an input force estimation scheme in the identification process to complete the task of input‐output forward analyses, for the case of output‐only measurement. The relationship between the unknown input loadings and the output measurement is established through a state space model, which basically formulates an ill‐posed least squares problem. A statistical Bayesian inference‐based regularization technique is presented to solve such a least squares problem. Finally, the proposed approach is illustrated by both numerical and experimental examples using output‐only measurements of either acceleration or strain time histories. The results clearly show the robustness and the applicability of the proposed algorithm to simultaneously identify structural parameters and unmeasured input loadings with a high accuracy.     

Data fusion heat pump performance estimation

The aim of the study was to develop improved measurements on heat pump performance. A model-based approach was combined with data fusion technique to estimate performance of a heat pump. These improved heat pump performance measurements implied fused measurement between direct and indirect measurements of compressor power and condenser load. Developed models of compressor power and condenser load used input data from building energy management system to produce measurements on the heat pump performance. The direct measurements were obtained by using the temperature and pressure measurements, while the indirect measurements were obtained using the electrical signal of the heat pump part load. The results showed a big need for use of different data sources to define real energy performance metrics. Further, the analysis on obtained measurements showed that indirect and fused measurements were more reliable than only direct measurement, particularly for the condenser load. Use of only direct measurements could result in higher estimation of electricity and heating energy consumption than the real consumption is. The analysis of fused measurements on the heat pump performance showed that such improved measurement could enhance heat pump performance verification.     

4D dynamic construction management and visualization software: 2. Site trial

The performance of any system can only be gauged by practical applications. This paper delineates some insight and experience on the on-site use of a prototype four-dimensional (4D) site management software system for a warehouse superstructure in Hong Kong. It links a three-dimensional model and a construction schedule to furnish visualization of the state of a site at any user-specified date. Site personnel generally view this system as potentially very promising and helpful. The 4D visualization is found to have capability to assist cognitive, reflective and analytical activities of site management. Through this site trial, some limitations of the software are also spotted which consequently lead to enhancement to the system. The prototype model may require a large amount of data input for large projects which lead to large computer files and slow processing speed. Hence, careful implementation of details is required in the planning level for practical 4D simulation modeling. This, however, will not be a long-term problem, given the recent advancement of computer technology.     

Microcomputer-assisted recording of environmental variables

A compact microcomputer-based datalogger system for automatic recording of environmental variables in field experiments and studies is described. The system is also convenient for laboratory use. Based on general principles, the practical system described is restricted to a maximum of 15 variables, gives values integrated for periods of 1 min or more and requires mains electricity. The input may be “recorder” output signals from various instruments and meters. Light and temperature sensors may also be adapted for direct connection, thus avoiding the need for individual readout instruments. This simplifies instrumentation as well as processing of data. The data are stored in a form directly accessible for further treatment by user-developed BASIC programs.     

基于DGSS的探矿工程库手动录入探槽数据的方法

探矿工程数据编录系统(AoPEData)作为数字地质调查系统(DGSS)一个子系统,能够实现对“槽井坑钻”4类重要探矿工程的野外数字化编录和自动入库等功能,然而在探槽编录过程中存在操作繁琐、适用性不强等问题,导致一些地质工作者更倾向于使用传统的纸质记录方法进行探槽工程编录,这些编录数据就需要人工录入探矿工程库,笔者结合...     

Semantic material name matching system for building energy analysis

As an importance of saving energy in building sector and reducing greenhouse gas emissions is rapidly growing, many tools for building energy analysis (BEA) have been developed. However, such tools still have much room for improvement: manual input of thermal properties of a building material; input of incorrect data; and semantic conflicts between building designers and engineers. This research proposes a semantic material name matching system to find a standardized material name and its associated material property values, and enter them into a BEA tool. The core of our approach is to define ontologies capturing the concepts associated with the standard materials and their property values that are required by BEA tools. The proposed system uses an IFCXML file of a building information model as a source of input data, captures material data in the files, and automates the process of material property input. Using the proposed system, engineers will be able to increase their efficiency in entering required data into BEA tools and to reduce the possibility of erroneous data input.     

A Knowledge-based Expert System for Natural Disaster Prediction Using Geomorphological and Geological Information

Abstract: A knowledge-based expert system for the prediction of natural disaster potential is presented in this paper. The key feature of this system is that it predicts the natural disaster potential using the information of geomorphological and geological features of the examined site. The input data are obtained from topographic maps, geological maps, aerial photographs and other sources available. This system is developed for use with the personal computer and users can operate this system interactively. The results obtained are compared with actual disasters. These comparative studies indicate that the present system provides a useful tool for the prediction of natural disaster potential at the arbitrary sites.     

A GIS-Based Traffic Signal Coordination and Information Management System

Abstract: This paper discusses research conducted at the Georgia Institute of Technology that investigated the use of geographic information system (GIS) technology as a tool in traffic signal information management and signalized intersection coordination. TRANSYT-7F is the most widely used and respected computer model for optimizing the coordination of traffic signals. Unfortunately, creating an optimal TRANSYT-7F model is very costly. The hypothesis of this research was that using a specialized GIS in conjunction with TRANSYT-7F could enhance the process of coordinating a traffic signal system. The research resulted in the development of a GIS-based traffic signal coordination and information system that operates on a microcomputer. This system is an improvement over existing TRANSYT-7F models because relationships between intersections do not have to be encoded manually. Instead, the system takes advantage of the GIS's topologic data structure, which provides these relationships. The process of analyzing different network optimization scenarios is simplified with this system because the user need only to select intersections to be coordinated from the GIS graphic display rather than cutting and pasting from existing input files. Alternatively, the system can serve as a multipurpose signal information system and play a vital role in decision support. It can provide improved access to signal data and allows for swift identification of intersections that experience excessive delays or unacceptable levels of service.     

ALISS: Advanced Linear Scheduling System

The line of balance (LOB) method is not widely used in the construction industry even though it has distinct advantages in repetitive construction projects. Attempts were made in the past to develop LOB systems but no system has met with universal acceptance because of a multitude of problems. As a response, a tool named ALISS was developed that solves most of the problems associated with LOB applications. ALISS is an acronym for Advanced Linear Scheduling System and makes use of a model that utilises the tools of information technology to the fullest extent. This is accomplished by creating a system that has a standalone and a web‐based version. ALISS is programmed using Visual Basic and Visual Basic Script languages. It utilises MS Access and SQL server as a data repository. The resulting Advanced Linear Scheduling System not only accommodates all LOB requirements but also provides the latest technological developments as an embedded tool.     

A Monte Carlo method for thermal building simulation

A simplified Monte Carlo method for finding an approximation of the building inside temperature distribution is given. Present simulation techniques are either over-simplified and use only a deterministic method, or are highly complex stochastic models. The new method consists of a Monte Carlo approach to find typical input distributions, used in conjunction with a more traditional deterministic building thermal simulation model. The output distribution is obtained by estimating the output distribution from a carefully selected sample of input distributions.Radiation and temperature input data are simulated separately, and then the combined effect is found with a numerical convolution integral. Because the convolution integral is only strictly valid for independent variables, a verification study is also presented, using four different buildings and five different ventilation rates.Complete experimental verification of the method requires measuring the inside temperature distribution for 5 years, with five different ventilation rates for the same four buildings. This was out of the timeframe of this study. Therefore, the method was verified by comparison of results obtained with the new technique and comprehensive results obtained by simulating every day for the same period with historical weather data.The results show that the average predicted temperature error is 0.68 °C, with a standard deviation of 1.37 °C. The verification thus shows that by using the new Monte Carlo method a good approximation can be found for the inside temperature distribution by using only 4% of the days from the 5-year period.